{"id":44431,"date":"2023-02-07T08:51:59","date_gmt":"2023-02-07T07:51:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sutazne-pravo\/narok-na-nahradu-skody\/"},"modified":"2025-11-25T13:34:31","modified_gmt":"2025-11-25T12:34:31","slug":"narok-na-nahradu-skody","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/sutazne-pravo\/narok-na-nahradu-skody\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00e1rok na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Obsah<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/sutazne-pravo\/narok-na-nahradu-skody\/#h-welche-schaden-werden-ersetzt\" level=\"2\">Ak\u00e9 \u0161kody sa nahr\u00e1dzaj\u00fa?<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/sutazne-pravo\/narok-na-nahradu-skody\/#h-positiver-schaden\" level=\"3\">Skuto\u010dn\u00e1 \u0161koda<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/sutazne-pravo\/narok-na-nahradu-skody\/#h-entgangener-gewinn\" level=\"3\">U\u0161l\u00fd zisk<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/sutazne-pravo\/narok-na-nahradu-skody\/#h-erlittene-krankung-und-andere-personliche-nachteile\" level=\"3\">Utrpen\u00e1 ujma a in\u00e9 osobn\u00e9 nev\u00fdhody<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/sutazne-pravo\/narok-na-nahradu-skody\/#h-weitere-voraussetzungen\" level=\"2\">\u010eal\u0161ie predpoklady<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/sutazne-pravo\/narok-na-nahradu-skody\/#h-kausalitat-und-adaquanz\" level=\"3\">Kauzalita a adekv\u00e1tnos\u0165<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/sutazne-pravo\/narok-na-nahradu-skody\/#h-rechtswidrigkeit\" level=\"3\">Protipr\u00e1vnos\u0165<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/sutazne-pravo\/narok-na-nahradu-skody\/#h-verschulden\" level=\"3\">Zavinenie<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/sutazne-pravo\/narok-na-nahradu-skody\/#h-aktivlegitimation-wer-ist-klagsbefugt\" level=\"2\">Akt\u00edvna legitim\u00e1cia \u2013 Kto je opr\u00e1vnen\u00fd poda\u0165 \u017ealobu?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/sutazne-pravo\/narok-na-nahradu-skody\/#h-passivlegitimation-wer-ist-ersatzpflichtig\" level=\"2\">Pas\u00edvna legitim\u00e1cia \u2013 Kto je povinn\u00fd nahradi\u0165 \u0161kodu?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/sutazne-pravo\/narok-na-nahradu-skody\/#h-wann-verjahrt-der-anspruch\" level=\"2\">Kedy sa n\u00e1rok preml\u010d\u00ed?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 poru\u0161enie s\u00fa\u0165a\u017en\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va za n\u00e1sledok aj n\u00e1rok na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody. Je v\u0161ak potrebn\u00e9, aby navrhovate\u013e preuk\u00e1zal, \u017ee \u0161koda bola sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 konan\u00edm odporcu relevantn\u00fdm z h\u013eadiska pr\u00e1va nekalej s\u00fa\u0165a\u017ee. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-welche-schaden-werden-ersetzt\">Ak\u00e9 \u0161kody sa nahr\u00e1dzaj\u00fa?<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-positiver-schaden\"><strong>Skuto\u010dn\u00e1 \u0161koda<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nahr\u00e1dzaj\u00fa sa tak\u00e9 \u0161kody, ktor\u00e9 predstavuj\u00fa znehodnotenie alebo zni\u010denie majetku alebo vznikaj\u00fa t\u00fdm, \u017ee po\u0161koden\u00fd mus\u00ed vynalo\u017ei\u0165 n\u00e1klady s\u00favisiace so \u0161kodou.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-entgangener-gewinn\"><strong>U\u0161l\u00fd zisk<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aj u\u0161l\u00fd zisk mo\u017eno nahradi\u0165 prostredn\u00edctvom n\u00e1roku na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody. Ten sa ur\u010duje pod\u013ea toho, ak\u00fd zisk by navrhovate\u013e dosiahol <strong>pri be\u017enom chode vec\u00ed<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">U\u017e strata pr\u00edle\u017eitosti na z\u00e1robok m\u00f4\u017ee patri\u0165 k nahr\u00e1dzanej \u0161kode.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-erlittene-krankung-und-andere-personliche-nachteile\"><strong>Utrpen\u00e1 ujma a in\u00e9 osobn\u00e9 nev\u00fdhody<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nemajetkov\u00e9 ujmy<\/strong> \u2013 s\u00fa to tak\u00e9 \u0161kody, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 po\u0161koden\u00edm majetku, ale vznikaj\u00fa poru\u0161en\u00edm individu\u00e1lneho pr\u00e1vneho statku, ako je pr\u00e1vo na osobnos\u0165, telesn\u00e1 integrita, \u010des\u0165, poves\u0165 at\u010f. \u2013 musia by\u0165 taktie\u017e nahraden\u00e9, ak s\u00fa splnen\u00e9 osobitn\u00e9 okolnosti.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Stru\u010dne povedan\u00e9, ide o to, ak ide o <strong>v\u00e1\u017ene naru\u0161enia<\/strong> alebo ak je <strong>spolo\u010densk\u00e9 postavenie<\/strong> navrhovate\u013ea <strong>obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 v\u00e1\u017ene naru\u0161en\u00e9<\/strong>. Jednoduch\u00e9 rozhor\u010denie nad spr\u00e1van\u00edm konkurenta teda nesta\u010d\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-weitere-voraussetzungen\">\u010eal\u0161ie predpoklady<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-kausalitat-und-adaquanz\"><strong>Kauzalita a adekv\u00e1tnos\u0165<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Poru\u0161enie s\u00fa\u0165a\u017en\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va konkurentom, ktor\u00e9 navrhovate\u013e namieta, muselo by\u0165 kauz\u00e1lne \u2013 pr\u00ed\u010dinn\u00e9 \u2013 pre \u0161kodu, ktor\u00fa utrpel.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u00f4kazn\u00e9 bremeno v tomto pr\u00edpade zn\u00e1\u0161a on.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Okrem toho nesmie by\u0165 mimo akejko\u013evek \u017eivotnej sk\u00fasenosti, \u017ee tak\u00e9to poru\u0161enie viedlo pr\u00e1ve k tejto \u0161kode. \u0160kodliv\u00e9 konanie teda nesmie by\u0165 podmienkou vzniku \u0161kody len v d\u00f4sledku mimoriadneho sledu okolnost\u00ed. (Adekv\u00e1tnos\u0165)  <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-rechtswidrigkeit\"><strong>Protipr\u00e1vnos\u0165<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u010eal\u0161\u00edm predpokladom n\u00e1hrady \u0161kody je, \u017ee konanie odporcu bolo skuto\u010dne protipr\u00e1vne.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Konanie je protipr\u00e1vne jednoducho, ak poru\u0161uje skutkov\u00e9 podstaty stanoven\u00e9 z\u00e1konom v s\u00fa\u0165a\u017enom pr\u00e1ve.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-verschulden\"><strong>Zavinenie<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na rozdiel od n\u00e1roku na zdr\u017eanie sa konania a n\u00e1roku na odstr\u00e1nenie n\u00e1sledkov, n\u00e1rok na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody predpoklad\u00e1 zavinenie odporcu.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zavinenie je v z\u00e1sade dan\u00e9 pri nedbanlivom alebo \u00famyselnom konan\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V r\u00e1mci n\u00e1roku na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody pod\u013ea s\u00fa\u0165a\u017en\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va spravidla posta\u010duje \u013eahk\u00e1 nedbanlivos\u0165 oh\u013eadom \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho konania. Len v jednotliv\u00fdch, z\u00e1konom upraven\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch sa vy\u017eaduje \u00famyseln\u00e9 poru\u0161enie. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ak je \u0161kodca upozornen\u00fd na protipr\u00e1vnos\u0165 svojho konania upomienkou a napriek tomu sa jej nezdr\u017e\u00ed, m\u00f4\u017ee t\u00fdm by\u0165 zalo\u017een\u00e9 zavinenie.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-aktivlegitimation-wer-ist-klagsbefugt\">Akt\u00edvna legitim\u00e1cia \u2013 Kto je opr\u00e1vnen\u00fd poda\u0165 \u017ealobu?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kto m\u00f4\u017ee uplatni\u0165 n\u00e1rok na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody, nie je v\u00fdslovne upraven\u00e9 v z\u00e1kone, pokia\u013e ide o n\u00e1rok na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody pod\u013ea s\u00fa\u0165a\u017en\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Konkurenti<\/strong> s\u00fa v prvom rade opr\u00e1vnen\u00ed na n\u00e1hradu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Spotrebitelia?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pr\u00e1vna situ\u00e1cia v pr\u00edpade priameho dotknutia spotrebite\u013ea je st\u00e1le sporn\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Spotrebite\u013eom sa v z\u00e1sade z\u00e1konom neprizn\u00e1va individu\u00e1lny n\u00e1rok. Ke\u010f\u017ee v\u0161ak s\u00fa\u0165a\u017en\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo \u2013 hoci v podstate sl\u00fa\u017ei na ochranu konkurentov navz\u00e1jom \u2013 m\u00e1 chr\u00e1ni\u0165 aj spotrebite\u013eov, s\u00fadna prax v jednotliv\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch v d\u00f4sledku priameho dotknutia spotrebite\u013eov v\u00fdnimo\u010dne priznala aj im vlastn\u00fd n\u00e1rok na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V Nemecku sa m\u00e1 z\u00e1kon teraz reformova\u0165 t\u00fdmto smerom.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-passivlegitimation-wer-ist-ersatzpflichtig\">Pas\u00edvna legitim\u00e1cia \u2013 Kto je povinn\u00fd nahradi\u0165 \u0161kodu?<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Priamy p\u00e1chate\u013e, ktor\u00fd \u0161kodu zavinen\u00edm sp\u00f4sobil<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ten, kto poru\u0161enie umo\u017enil alebo podporil \u2013 teda spolup\u00e1chatelia, podnecovatelia a pomocn\u00edci<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Majitelia podnikov s\u00fa zodpovedn\u00ed za konanie os\u00f4b vo svojom podniku.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-wann-verjahrt-der-anspruch\">Kedy sa n\u00e1rok preml\u010d\u00ed?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00e1rok na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody pod\u013ea s\u00fa\u0165a\u017en\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va sa preml\u010d\u00ed do troch rokov.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 poru\u0161enie s\u00fa\u0165a\u017en\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va za n\u00e1sledok aj n\u00e1rok na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody. Je v\u0161ak potrebn\u00e9, aby navrhovate\u013e preuk\u00e1zal, \u017ee \u0161koda bola sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 konan\u00edm odporcu relevantn\u00fdm z h\u013eadiska &#8230;","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":40896,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[768],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-44431","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-sutazne-pravo"],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"336x":false,"352x":false,"woocommerce_thumbnail":false,"woocommerce_single":false,"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":false,"yarpp-thumbnail":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Peter Harlander","author_link":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/author\/secondpromotion\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 poru\u0161enie s\u00fa\u0165a\u017en\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va za n\u00e1sledok aj n\u00e1rok na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody. Je v\u0161ak potrebn\u00e9, aby navrhovate\u013e preuk\u00e1zal, \u017ee \u0161koda bola sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 konan\u00edm odporcu relevantn\u00fdm z h\u013eadiska ...","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/44431","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=44431"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/44431\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/40896"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=44431"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=44431"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=44431"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}