{"id":110595,"date":"2026-01-01T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-01-01T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/trestne-pravo\/zavazny-podvod\/"},"modified":"2026-01-01T10:14:01","modified_gmt":"2026-01-01T09:14:01","slug":"zavazny-podvod","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/trestne-pravo\/zavazny-podvod\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-schwerer-betrug\" data-level=\"2\">Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-objektiver-tatbestand\" data-level=\"2\">Objekt\u00edvna skutkov\u00e1 podstata<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-prufungsschritte\" data-level=\"3\">Kroky posudzovania<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-abgrenzung-zu-anderen-delikten\" data-level=\"2\">Rozl\u00ed\u0161enie od in\u00fdch trestn\u00fdch \u010dinov<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-konkurrenzen\" data-level=\"3\">S\u00fabehy:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-beweislast-amp-beweiswurdigung\" data-level=\"2\">D\u00f4kazn\u00e9 bremeno a hodnotenie d\u00f4kazov<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-staatsanwaltschaft\" data-level=\"3\">Prokurat\u00fara:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-gericht\" data-level=\"3\">S\u00fad:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-beschuldigte-person\" data-level=\"3\">Obvinen\u00e1 osoba:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-praxisbeispiele\" data-level=\"2\">Praktick\u00e9 pr\u00edklady<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-subjektiver-tatbestand\" data-level=\"2\">Subjekt\u00edvna skutkov\u00e1 podstata<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-schuld-amp-irrtumer\" data-level=\"2\">Vina a omyly<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-strafaufhebung-amp-diversion\" data-level=\"2\">Zru\u0161enie trestu a odklon<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-diversion\" data-level=\"3\">Diverzia:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-ausschluss-der-diversion\" data-level=\"3\">Vyl\u00fa\u010denie diverzie:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-strafzumessung-amp-folgen\" data-level=\"2\">Ukladanie trestu a n\u00e1sledky<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-erschwerungsgrunde-bestehen-insbesondere-wenn\" data-level=\"3\">Pri\u0165a\u017euj\u00face okolnosti existuj\u00fa najm\u00e4, ak<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-milderungsgrunde-sind-etwa\" data-level=\"3\">Po\u013eah\u010duj\u00face okolnosti s\u00fa napr\u00edklad<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-strafrahmen\" data-level=\"2\">Trestn\u00e1 sadzba<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-geldstrafe-tagessatzsystem\" data-level=\"2\">Pe\u0148a\u017en\u00fd trest \u2013 syst\u00e9m denn\u00fdch sadzieb<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-freiheitsstrafe-amp-teil-bedingte-nachsicht\" data-level=\"2\">Trest od\u0148atia slobody a (\u010diasto\u010dne) podmiene\u010dn\u00e9 odpustenie<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-zustandigkeit-der-gerichte\" data-level=\"2\">Pr\u00edslu\u0161nos\u0165 s\u00fadov<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-sachliche-zustandigkeit\" data-level=\"3\">Vecn\u00e1 pr\u00edslu\u0161nos\u0165<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-ortliche-zustandigkeit\" data-level=\"3\">Miestna pr\u00edslu\u0161nos\u0165<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-instanzenzug\" data-level=\"3\">Odvolacie konanie<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-zivilanspruche-im-strafverfahren\" data-level=\"2\">Ob\u010dianskopr\u00e1vne n\u00e1roky v trestnom konan\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-strafverfahren-im-uberblick\" data-level=\"2\">Preh\u013ead trestn\u00e9ho konania<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-ermittlungsbeginn\" data-level=\"3\">Za\u010diatok vy\u0161etrovania<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-polizei-und-staatsanwaltschaft\" data-level=\"3\">Pol\u00edcia a prokurat\u00fara<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-beschuldigtenvernehmung\" data-level=\"3\">V\u00fdsluch obvinen\u00e9ho<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-akteneinsicht\" data-level=\"3\">Nahliadnutie do spisu<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-hauptverhandlung\" data-level=\"3\">Hlavn\u00e9 pojedn\u00e1vanie<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-beschuldigtenrechte\" data-level=\"2\">Pr\u00e1va obvinen\u00e9ho<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-praxis-amp-verhaltenstipps\" data-level=\"2\">Prax a tipy na spr\u00e1vanie<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-ihre-vorteile-mit-anwaltlicher-unterstutzung\" data-level=\"2\">Va\u0161e v\u00fdhody s pr\u00e1vnou podporou<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-faq-haufig-gestellte-fragen\" data-level=\"2\">\u010cast\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-schwerer-betrug\">Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod pod\u013ea <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona<\/a><\/strong> nast\u00e1va, ke\u010f p\u00e1chate\u013e napln\u00ed <strong>skutkov\u00fa podstatu podvodu pod\u013ea \u00a7 146 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona<\/strong> a \u010din je <strong>spr\u00edsnen\u00fd osobitn\u00fdmi prostriedkami klamania alebo kvalifikovan\u00fdm rozsahom \u0161kody<\/strong>. P\u00e1chate\u013e <strong>klame o skuto\u010dnostiach<\/strong>, \u010d\u00edm sp\u00f4sob\u00ed <strong>konanie, strpenie alebo opomenutie po\u0161kodzuj\u00face majetok<\/strong> a kon\u00e1 <strong>\u00famyselne s cie\u013eom neopr\u00e1vnen\u00e9ho obohatenia<\/strong>. Kvalifik\u00e1cia vypl\u00fdva najm\u00e4 z <strong>pou\u017eitia falo\u0161n\u00fdch alebo pozmenen\u00fdch list\u00edn<\/strong>, <strong>zneu\u017eit\u00e9ho bezhotovostn\u00e9ho platobn\u00e9ho prostriedku<\/strong>, <strong>manipulovan\u00fdch alebo odpo\u010d\u00favan\u00fdch \u00fadajov<\/strong>, <strong>nespr\u00e1vnych merac\u00edch zariaden\u00ed<\/strong> alebo porovnate\u013en\u00fdch d\u00f4kazn\u00fdch prostriedkov, z <strong>nepravdiv\u00e9ho vyd\u00e1vania sa za \u00faradn\u00fa osobu<\/strong> alebo z <strong>prekro\u010denia z\u00e1konom stanoven\u00fdch hran\u00edc \u0161kody<\/strong>. Rozhoduj\u00face je, \u017ee <strong>druh klamania alebo rozsah \u0161kody<\/strong> podstatne zvy\u0161uj\u00fa protipr\u00e1vnos\u0165 \u010dinu.   <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-f014c6a5 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-60e61cc5\">\n<p><strong>Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod<\/strong> nast\u00e1va, ke\u010f je <strong>podvod pod\u013ea \u00a7 146 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona<\/strong> sp\u00e1chan\u00fd <strong>obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi prostriedkami klamania<\/strong> alebo <strong>kvalifikovanou majetkovou \u0161kodou<\/strong> a t\u00fdm je <strong>podstatne zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 protipr\u00e1vnos\u0165 \u010dinu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-613eb3e6\"><picture>\n\t\t<source srcset=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7147-Schwerer-Betrug-352x198.webp\" >\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-picture-small\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7147-Schwerer-Betrug.webp\" alt=\"Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod v Rak\u00fasku: Predpoklady, vymedzenie, trestn\u00e1 sadzba a obrana pod\u013ea Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona preh\u013eadne vysvetlen\u00e9.\" >\n\t<\/picture>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201ePri z\u00e1va\u017enom podvode nerozhoduje len nespr\u00e1vnos\u0165 \u00fadaju, ale to, \u010di bola majetkov\u00e1 dispoz\u00edcia obete cielene ovplyvnen\u00e1 kvalifikovan\u00fdmi prostriedkami klamania alebo zna\u010dn\u00fdm rozsahom \u0161kody.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-objektiver-tatbestand\">Objekt\u00edvna skutkov\u00e1 podstata<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>Objekt\u00edvna skutkov\u00e1 podstata<\/strong> zah\u0155\u0148a v\u00fdlu\u010dne <strong>navonok vn\u00edmate\u013en\u00e9 dianie<\/strong>. Rozhoduj\u00face s\u00fa <strong>konkr\u00e9tne konania<\/strong>, <strong>pou\u017eit\u00e9 prostriedky klamania<\/strong> a <strong>vzniknut\u00e1 majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda<\/strong>. <strong>Vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 procesy<\/strong> ako mot\u00edvy alebo \u00famysel zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa na tejto \u00farovni bez pov\u0161imnutia. <\/p>\n\n<p>Objekt\u00edvna skutkov\u00e1 podstata <strong>z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu pod\u013ea <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona<\/a><\/strong><\/strong> predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee s\u00fa splnen\u00e9 <strong>v\u0161etky znaky skutkovej podstaty podvodu pod\u013ea \u00a7 146 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona<\/strong>. P\u00e1chate\u013e mus\u00ed osobu <strong>klaman\u00edm o skuto\u010dnostiach<\/strong> navies\u0165 k <strong>konaniu, strpeniu alebo opomenutiu<\/strong>, \u010d\u00edm vznikne <strong>majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda oklaman\u00e9mu alebo tretej osobe<\/strong>. Charakteristick\u00e9 je, \u017ee p\u00e1chate\u013e <strong>nezasahuje priamo do cudzieho majetku<\/strong>, ale obe\u0165 <strong>na z\u00e1klade klamania sama vykon\u00e1 majetkov\u00fa dispoz\u00edciu po\u0161kodzuj\u00facu majetok<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<p>K tomu pri z\u00e1va\u017enom podvode pristupuje <strong>kvalifikuj\u00faci objekt\u00edvny prvok<\/strong>. Ten nast\u00e1va, ke\u010f p\u00e1chate\u013e na klamanie pou\u017eije <strong>obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 alebo pr\u00e1vne z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 prostriedky<\/strong> alebo ke\u010f je <strong>prekro\u010den\u00fd z\u00e1konom stanoven\u00fd rozsah \u0161kody<\/strong>. K nim patria najm\u00e4 <strong>pou\u017eitie falo\u0161n\u00fdch alebo pozmenen\u00fdch list\u00edn<\/strong>, <strong>zneu\u017eit\u00e9 bezhotovostn\u00e9 platobn\u00e9 prostriedky<\/strong>, <strong>manipulovan\u00e9 alebo odpo\u010d\u00favan\u00e9 \u00fadaje<\/strong>, <strong>nespr\u00e1vne meracie zariadenia<\/strong> alebo porovnate\u013en\u00e9 d\u00f4kazn\u00e9 prostriedky, ako aj <strong>nepravdiv\u00e9 vyd\u00e1vanie sa za \u00faradn\u00fa osobu<\/strong>. Rovnako je skutkov\u00e1 podstata naplnen\u00e1, ak je sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 <strong>majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda presahuj\u00faca 5 000,00 \u20ac<\/strong>, bez oh\u013eadu na druh klamania.   <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda<\/strong> nast\u00e1va, preto\u017ee obe\u0165 ver\u00ed klamaniu a <strong>na tomto z\u00e1klade kon\u00e1<\/strong>. Rozhoduj\u00face je, \u017ee <strong>zn\u00ed\u017eenie majetku je sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 nepriamo prostredn\u00edctvom konania oklaman\u00e9ho<\/strong>. <strong>Bez klamania<\/strong> by obe\u0165 konkr\u00e9tne konanie, strpenie alebo opomenutie <strong>nevykonala<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Klamanie o skuto\u010dnostiach<\/strong> nast\u00e1va, ke\u010f s\u00fa obeti <strong>predstieran\u00e9 nepravdiv\u00e9 skuto\u010dnosti<\/strong>, <strong>skreslen\u00e9 pravdiv\u00e9 skuto\u010dnosti<\/strong> alebo s\u00fa <strong>zam\u010dan\u00e9 okolnosti podliehaj\u00face povinnosti objasnenia<\/strong>. Skuto\u010dnosti s\u00fa <strong>konkr\u00e9tne udalosti alebo stavy minulosti alebo s\u00fa\u010dasnosti<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pr\u00edstupn\u00e9 d\u00f4kazu. Klamanie mus\u00ed by\u0165 <strong>kauz\u00e1lne pre majetkov\u00fa dispoz\u00edciu<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Objekt\u00edvna skutkov\u00e1 podstata je <strong>u\u017e splnen\u00e1<\/strong>, akon\u00e1hle <strong>konan\u00edm podmienen\u00fdm klaman\u00edm<\/strong> nastane <strong>majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda<\/strong>. <strong>Nie je potrebn\u00e9<\/strong>, aby p\u00e1chate\u013e u\u017e realizoval majetkov\u00fd prospech. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-prufungsschritte\">Kroky posudzovania<\/h3>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tatsubjekt\">P\u00e1chate\u013e:<\/h4>\n\n<p>P\u00e1chate\u013eom m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 <strong>ka\u017ed\u00e1 trestnopr\u00e1vne zodpovedn\u00e1 osoba<\/strong>. Osobitn\u00e9 osobn\u00e9 vlastnosti <strong>nie s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9<\/strong>, ani <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona<\/a> neobsahuje osobitn\u00fd delikt. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tatobjekt\">Predmet trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu:<\/h4>\n\n<p>Predmetom trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu je <strong>majetok oklaman\u00e9ho alebo tretej osoby<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd je po\u0161koden\u00fd <strong>konan\u00edm podmienen\u00fdm klaman\u00edm<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tathandlung\">Trestn\u00fd \u010din:  <\/h4>\n\n<p>Konanie spo\u010d\u00edva v <strong>klaman\u00ed o skuto\u010dnostiach<\/strong>, ktor\u00fdm je obe\u0165 naveden\u00e1 k <strong>konaniu, strpeniu alebo opomenutiu<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 <strong>sp\u00f4sob\u00ed majetkov\u00fa \u0161kodu<\/strong>.<br\/>Pri <strong>z\u00e1va\u017enom podvode pod\u013ea <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona<\/a><\/strong> mus\u00ed by\u0165 navy\u0161e pr\u00edtomn\u00e1 <strong>kvalifikuj\u00faca okolnos\u0165<\/strong>, najm\u00e4 <strong>pou\u017eitie osobitn\u00e9ho prostriedku klamania<\/strong>, ako je <strong>falo\u0161n\u00e1 alebo pozmenen\u00e1 listina<\/strong>, <strong>zneu\u017eit\u00fd bezhotovostn\u00fd platobn\u00fd prostriedok<\/strong>, <strong>manipulovan\u00e9 alebo odpo\u010d\u00favan\u00e9 \u00fadaje<\/strong>, <strong>nespr\u00e1vne meracie zariadenie<\/strong>, <strong>nepravdiv\u00e9 vyd\u00e1vanie sa za \u00faradn\u00fa osobu<\/strong> alebo <strong>prekro\u010denie z\u00e1konom stanoven\u00fdch hran\u00edc \u0161kody<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-taterfolg\">V\u00fdsledok trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu:<\/h4>\n\n<p>V\u00fdsledok trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu spo\u010d\u00edva vo <strong>vzniku majetkovej \u0161kody<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 <strong>bezprostredne vypl\u00fdva z konania obete podmienen\u00e9ho klaman\u00edm<\/strong>. Obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e1 kvalifik\u00e1cia nast\u00e1va najm\u00e4 vtedy, ak je \u010dinom sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 <strong>\u0161koda presahuj\u00faca 300 000,00 \u20ac<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-kausalitat\">Kauzalita:<\/h4>\n\n<p>Majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda mus\u00ed by\u0165 <strong>d\u00f4sledkom klamania<\/strong>. <strong>Bez klamania<\/strong> by obe\u0165 majetkov\u00fa dispoz\u00edciu po\u0161kodzuj\u00facu majetok <strong>nevykonala<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-objektive-zurechnung\">Objekt\u00edvna imput\u00e1cia:  <\/h4>\n\n<p>V\u00fdsledok je objekt\u00edvne prip\u00edsate\u013en\u00fd, ak sa <strong>realizuje presne to riziko<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 chce trestn\u00e1 norma zabr\u00e1ni\u0165, a to, \u017ee <strong>majetok je po\u0161koden\u00fd seba\u0161kodou obete podmienenou klaman\u00edm<\/strong>.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-peter-harlander\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/ph100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Peter Harlander<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eZ\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod predpoklad\u00e1 presn\u00fa kauz\u00e1lnu re\u0165az: klamanie, omyl, majetkov\u00e1 dispoz\u00edcia a \u0161koda musia by\u0165 jasne preuk\u00e1zate\u013en\u00e9. Ak ch\u00fdba jeden \u010dl\u00e1nok, obvinenie neobstoj\u00ed. \u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Bezplatn\u00e1 \u00favodn\u00e1 konzult\u00e1cia\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Vyberte si preferovan\u00fd term\u00edn:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Bezplatn\u00e1 \u00favodn\u00e1 konzult\u00e1cia<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-abgrenzung-zu-anderen-delikten\">Rozl\u00ed\u0161enie od in\u00fdch trestn\u00fdch \u010dinov<\/h2>\n\n<p>Skutkov\u00e1 podstata <strong>z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu pod\u013ea <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona<\/a><\/strong><\/strong> nevyhnutne vych\u00e1dza z <strong>podvodu pod\u013ea \u00a7 146 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona<\/strong>. Zah\u0155\u0148a pr\u00edpady, v ktor\u00fdch je osoba <strong>klaman\u00edm o skuto\u010dnostiach<\/strong> naveden\u00e1 k <strong>konaniu, strpeniu alebo opomenutiu<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00f4sob\u00ed <strong>majetkov\u00fa \u0161kodu<\/strong>, pri\u010dom protipr\u00e1vnos\u0165 je zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 <strong>kvalifikuj\u00facimi prostriedkami klamania alebo zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm rozsahom \u0161kody<\/strong>. \u0164a\u017eisko protipr\u00e1vnosti spo\u010d\u00edva v <strong>cielenom zav\u00e1dzan\u00ed obete<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 <strong>kon\u00e1 na z\u00e1klade omylu sp\u00f4soben\u00e9ho falo\u0161n\u00fdm obrazom skuto\u010dnosti<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Charakteristick\u00e9 je aj pri z\u00e1va\u017enom podvode, \u017ee <strong>nie je pou\u017eit\u00e9 n\u00e1silie ani nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 vyhr\u00e1\u017eka<\/strong>. Obe\u0165 kon\u00e1 <strong>nie pod n\u00e1tlakom<\/strong>, ale na z\u00e1klade klamania, ktor\u00e9mu ver\u00ed. P\u00e1chate\u013e <strong>vedome zneu\u017e\u00edva omyl<\/strong>, aby sebe alebo tretej osobe zaobstaral <strong>neopr\u00e1vnen\u00fd majetkov\u00fd prospech<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u00a7 105 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona \u2013 N\u00e1tlak<\/strong>: N\u00e1tlak zah\u0155\u0148a pr\u00edpady, v ktor\u00fdch je niekto <strong>n\u00e1sil\u00edm alebo nebezpe\u010dnou vyhr\u00e1\u017ekou<\/strong> don\u00faten\u00fd k ur\u010dit\u00e9mu spr\u00e1vaniu. <strong>Majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda<\/strong> na to nie je nevyhnutne potrebn\u00e1. Pri <strong>z\u00e1va\u017enom podvode<\/strong> \u00faplne ch\u00fdba n\u00e1tlak. Konanie obete je zalo\u017een\u00e9 <strong>v\u00fdlu\u010dne na klaman\u00ed<\/strong>, nie na n\u00e1tlaku alebo vyhr\u00e1\u017eke. Ak ch\u00fdba bu\u010f <strong>klamanie o skuto\u010dnostiach<\/strong> alebo <strong>majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda<\/strong>, nejde o podvod.    <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00a7 142 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona \u2013 L\u00fape\u017e: <\/strong>Pri l\u00fape\u017ei p\u00e1chate\u013e <strong>s\u00e1m odn\u00edme cudziu hnute\u013en\u00fa vec<\/strong> alebo ju <strong>bezprostredne vyn\u00fati<\/strong>, s pou\u017eit\u00edm <strong>n\u00e1silia alebo vyhr\u00e1\u017eky bezprostredn\u00fdm nebezpe\u010denstvom pre \u017eivot alebo zdravie<\/strong>. Pri z\u00e1va\u017enom podvode ch\u00fdba tak <strong>konanie od\u0148atia<\/strong>, ako aj <strong>charakter n\u00e1tlaku<\/strong>. Majetkov\u00e1 ujma vznik\u00e1 <strong>v\u00fdlu\u010dne majetkovou dispoz\u00edciou obete podmienenou klaman\u00edm<\/strong>.  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-konkurrenzen\">S\u00fabehy:<\/h3>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-echte-konkurrenz\">Prav\u00fd s\u00fabeh: <\/h4>\n\n<p>Skuto\u010dn\u00e1 s\u00fabeh nast\u00e1va, ke\u010f popri <strong>z\u00e1va\u017enom podvode<\/strong> s\u00fa naplnen\u00e9 aj \u010fal\u0161ie <strong>samostatn\u00e9 delikty<\/strong>, napr\u00edklad <strong>fal\u0161ovanie list\u00edn<\/strong>, <strong>fal\u0161ovanie \u00fadajov<\/strong> alebo <strong>sprenevera<\/strong>. Skutkov\u00e9 podstaty zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa ved\u013ea seba, preto\u017ee s\u00fa poru\u0161en\u00e9 <strong>r\u00f4zne pr\u00e1vne statky<\/strong> a nedoch\u00e1dza ku konsum\u00e1cii. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-unechte-konkurrenz\">Neprav\u00fd s\u00fabeh:<\/h4>\n\n<p>Neprav\u00e1 s\u00fabeh nast\u00e1va, ke\u010f in\u00e1 skutkov\u00e1 podstata <strong>\u00faplne pokr\u00fdva cel\u00fd protipr\u00e1vny obsah podvodu<\/strong>. V takomto pr\u00edpade podvod ustupuje ako <strong>subsidi\u00e1rna skutkov\u00e1 podstata<\/strong>, napr\u00edklad ak klamanie predstavuje len <strong>nesamostatn\u00fd prostriedok sp\u00e1chania<\/strong> \u0161pecifickej\u0161ieho deliktu. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tatmehrheit\">Viaceros\u0165 trestn\u00fdch \u010dinov: <\/h4>\n\n<p>Mno\u017estvo trestn\u00fdch \u010dinov nast\u00e1va, ke\u010f je sp\u00e1chan\u00fdch <strong>viacero samostatn\u00fdch podvodn\u00fdch konan\u00ed<\/strong>, napr\u00edklad pri <strong>\u010dasovo oddelen\u00fdch klamaniach<\/strong> s v\u017edy <strong>samostatnou majetkovou \u0161kodou<\/strong>. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 konanie tvor\u00ed <strong>samostatn\u00fa trestnopr\u00e1vnu jednotku<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-fortgesetzte-handlung\">Pokra\u010duj\u00faci trestn\u00fd \u010din: <\/h4>\n\n<p><strong>Jednotn\u00fd \u010din<\/strong> mo\u017eno predpoklada\u0165, ak viacer\u00e9 <strong>klamav\u00e9 konania s\u00fa v \u00fazkom \u010dasovom a vecnom s\u00favise<\/strong> a s\u00fa podporen\u00e9 <strong>jednotn\u00fdm pl\u00e1nom trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu<\/strong>. Trestn\u00fd \u010din kon\u010d\u00ed, akon\u00e1hle u\u017e <strong>nedoch\u00e1dza k \u010fal\u0161ej majetkovej dispoz\u00edcii podmienenej klaman\u00edm<\/strong>. <\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eVysok\u00e9 sumy \u0161k\u00f4d alebo pou\u017eitie falo\u0161n\u00fdch list\u00edn v\u00fdrazne pos\u00favaj\u00fa zameranie konania. \u010co pri jednoduchom podvode m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 e\u0161te hrani\u010dn\u00fdm pr\u00edpadom, pri z\u00e1va\u017enom podvode r\u00fdchlo vedie k citeln\u00fdm trestom od\u0148atia slobody. \u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-beweislast-amp-beweiswurdigung\">D\u00f4kazn\u00e9 bremeno a hodnotenie d\u00f4kazov<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-staatsanwaltschaft\">Prokurat\u00fara: <\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>Prokurat\u00fara<\/strong> mus\u00ed preuk\u00e1za\u0165, \u017ee obvinen\u00fd sp\u00e1chal <strong>podvod pod\u013ea \u00a7 146 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona<\/strong> a \u017ee je <strong>dodato\u010dne splnen\u00e1 kvalifika\u010dn\u00e1 skutkov\u00e1 podstata <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona<\/a><\/strong><\/strong>. V\u00fdchodiskov\u00fdm bodom je preuk\u00e1zanie <strong>klamania o skuto\u010dnostiach<\/strong>, ktor\u00fdm obvinen\u00fd naviedol osobu k <strong>konaniu, strpeniu alebo opomenutiu<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00f4sobilo <strong>majetkov\u00fa \u0161kodu<\/strong>. Okrem toho je potrebn\u00e9 preuk\u00e1za\u0165, \u017ee obvinen\u00fd konal <strong>\u00famyselne<\/strong>, aby sebe alebo tretej osobe zaobstaral <strong>neopr\u00e1vnen\u00fd majetkov\u00fd prospech<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Okrem toho mus\u00ed prokurat\u00fara preuk\u00e1za\u0165, \u017ee \u010din bol sp\u00e1chan\u00fd <strong>za kvalifikuj\u00facich okolnost\u00ed <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona<\/a><\/strong><\/strong>, najm\u00e4 <strong>pou\u017eit\u00edm osobitn\u00e9ho prostriedku klamania<\/strong> alebo <strong>prekro\u010den\u00edm z\u00e1konom stanoven\u00fdch hran\u00edc \u0161kody<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p>Preuk\u00e1za\u0165 je potrebn\u00e9 najm\u00e4, \u017ee<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>skuto\u010dne do\u0161lo k <strong>klamliv\u00e9mu konaniu o faktoch<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>klamanie bolo <strong>kauz\u00e1lne pre omyl<\/strong> oklaman\u00e9ho,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u017ee oklaman\u00fd na z\u00e1klade tohto omylu vykonal <strong>konanie, strpenie alebo opomenutie<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>toto spr\u00e1vanie <strong>objekt\u00edvne viedlo k majetkovej ujme<\/strong> oklaman\u00e9ho alebo tretej osoby,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u017ee medzi <strong>klaman\u00edm, omylom, majetkovou dispoz\u00edciou a majetkovou \u0161kodou<\/strong> existuje kauz\u00e1lny s\u00favis,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>majetkov\u00e1 ujma bola <strong>pr\u00e1ve d\u00f4sledkom klamliv\u00e9ho nakladania s majetkom<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u017ee obvinen\u00fd konal <strong>s \u00famyslom obohati\u0165 sa<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sowie dass ein <strong>qualifizierender Umstand des \u00a7&nbsp;147&nbsp;StGB<\/strong> vorliegt, etwa\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>pou\u017eitie falo\u0161nej alebo pozmenenej listiny<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>zneu\u017eit\u00e9ho bezhotovostn\u00e9ho platobn\u00e9ho prostriedku<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>manipulovan\u00fdch alebo odpo\u010d\u00favan\u00fdch \u00fadajov<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>nespr\u00e1vneho meracieho zariadenia<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>nepravdiv\u00e9 vyd\u00e1vanie sa za \u00faradn\u00fa osobu<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>alebo <strong>\u0161koda presahuj\u00faca 5 000,00 \u20ac resp. 300 000,00 \u20ac<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Prokurat\u00fara mus\u00ed preuk\u00e1za\u0165, \u010di s\u00fa <strong>klamav\u00e9 konanie, omyl, majetkov\u00e1 dispoz\u00edcia, majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda, \u00famysel obohati\u0165 sa a kvalifik\u00e1cia<\/strong> objekt\u00edvne zistite\u013en\u00e9, napr\u00edklad prostredn\u00edctvom<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>v\u00fdpoved\u00ed svedkov<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>d\u00f4kazov komunik\u00e1cie<\/strong> ako s\u00fa spr\u00e1vy, e-maily alebo z\u00e1znamy rozhovorov,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>list\u00edn, zml\u00fav alebo p\u00edsomnost\u00ed<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>platobn\u00fdch tokov<\/strong>, prevodov alebo \u00fa\u010dtovn\u00fdch dokladov,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>video alebo zvukov\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ako aj <strong>ind\u00edci\u00ed<\/strong> pl\u00e1novan\u00e9ho postupu, opakovania alebo cielenosti klamania.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-gericht\">S\u00fad: <\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>S\u00fad<\/strong> sk\u00fama v\u0161etky d\u00f4kazy <strong>v celkovom kontexte<\/strong>. Posudzuje, \u010di pod\u013ea objekt\u00edvnych krit\u00e9ri\u00ed existuje <strong>klamanie o skuto\u010dnostiach<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 <strong>kauz\u00e1lne viedlo k majetkovej dispoz\u00edcii podmienenej omylom<\/strong> a n\u00e1sledne k <strong>majetkovej \u0161kode<\/strong>. Okrem toho je potrebn\u00e9 preveri\u0165, \u010di mo\u017eno <strong>kvalifikuj\u00face znaky \u00a7 147 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona<\/strong>, ako aj <strong>\u00famysel obohati\u0165 sa<\/strong> obvinen\u00e9ho <strong>jednozna\u010dne zisti\u0165<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<p>S\u00fad pritom zoh\u013ead\u0148uje najm\u00e4<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Obsah, druh a intenzita klamania<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u010dasov\u00fd s\u00favis<\/strong> medzi klaman\u00edm, omylom a nakladan\u00edm s majetkom,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>konkr\u00e9tne spr\u00e1vanie obete<\/strong> a jej rozhodovac\u00ed z\u00e1klad,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Svedeck\u00e9 v\u00fdpovede k <strong>priebehu klamania<\/strong> a \u00fa\u010dasti obvinen\u00e9ho,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Obsah komunik\u00e1cie<\/strong>, zmluvn\u00e9 podklady alebo doklady o platbe,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u010di boli \u00fadaje obvinen\u00e9ho <strong>objekt\u00edvne nepravdiv\u00e9 alebo zav\u00e1dzaj\u00face<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u010di by <strong>rozumn\u00fd priemern\u00fd \u010dlovek<\/strong> pod\u013eahol omylu pri tomto klaman\u00ed,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u010di <strong>majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda nastala ekonomicky preuk\u00e1zate\u013ene<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ako aj to, \u010di je rozpoznate\u013en\u00fd <strong>cielen\u00fd, pl\u00e1novan\u00fd alebo obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd postup<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>S\u00fad jasne rozli\u0161uje od <strong>\u010dist\u00fdch zmluvn\u00fdch riz\u00edk<\/strong>, <strong>ob\u010dianskopr\u00e1vnych por\u00fach plnenia<\/strong>, <strong>vyjadren\u00ed n\u00e1zorov<\/strong>, <strong>pr\u00eds\u013eubov do bud\u00facnosti bez skutkov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kladu<\/strong>, ako aj od pr\u00edpadov, v ktor\u00fdch s\u00edce vznikla majetkov\u00e1 ujma, av\u0161ak <strong>klamav\u00e9 konanie nap\u013a\u0148aj\u00face skutkov\u00fa podstatu alebo kvalifik\u00e1cia pod\u013ea <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona<\/a><\/strong><\/strong> nie s\u00fa preuk\u00e1zate\u013en\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-beschuldigte-person\">Obvinen\u00e1 osoba: <\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>Obvinen\u00e1 osoba<\/strong> nenesie <strong>\u017eiadne d\u00f4kazn\u00e9 bremeno<\/strong>. M\u00f4\u017ee v\u0161ak pouk\u00e1za\u0165 na <strong>opodstatnen\u00e9 pochybnosti<\/strong>, najm\u00e4 pokia\u013e ide o <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u010di v\u00f4bec do\u0161lo k <strong>klamliv\u00e9mu konaniu o faktoch<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u010di boli \u00fadaje <strong>objekt\u00edvne nespr\u00e1vne<\/strong> alebo len <strong>hodnotiace<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u010di skuto\u010dne vznikol <strong>omyl u obete<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u010di medzi klaman\u00edm a nakladan\u00edm s majetkom existoval <strong>kauz\u00e1lny s\u00favis<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u010di spr\u00e1vanie obete prebehlo <strong>dobrovo\u013ene a na vlastn\u00fa zodpovednos\u0165<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u010di skuto\u010dne nastala <strong>majetkov\u00e1 ujma<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u010di boli dosiahnut\u00e9 <strong>hranice \u0161kody pod\u013ea \u00a7 147 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u010di mal obvinen\u00fd <strong>\u00famysel obohati\u0165 sa<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>alebo \u010di ide len o <strong>ob\u010dianskopr\u00e1vne spory alebo nedorozumenia<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>M\u00f4\u017ee tie\u017e preuk\u00e1za\u0165, \u017ee \u00fadaje boli <strong>zav\u00e1dzaj\u00face, ne\u00fapln\u00e9, podmienen\u00e9 situ\u00e1ciou alebo v dobrej viere<\/strong> alebo \u017ee hoci sa tvrd\u00ed majetkov\u00e1 ujma, <strong>predpoklady z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu<\/strong> v\u0161ak nie s\u00fa splnen\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-typische-bewertung\">Typick\u00e9 hodnotenie<\/h4>\n\n<p>V praxi s\u00fa pri <strong>z\u00e1va\u017enom podvode pod\u013ea <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona<\/a><\/strong><\/strong> obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 nasleduj\u00face d\u00f4kazn\u00e9 prostriedky:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Svedeck\u00e9 v\u00fdpovede<\/strong> k situ\u00e1cii klamania a podkladom pre rozhodovanie obete,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>spr\u00e1vy, e-maily alebo in\u00e9 d\u00f4kazy komunik\u00e1cie<\/strong> o obsahu klamania,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Listiny, zmluvy, ponuky alebo fakt\u00fary<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Platobn\u00e9 doklady, prevody alebo majetkov\u00e9 presuny<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>video alebo zvukov\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u010dasov\u00e9 priebehy<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 preukazuj\u00fa s\u00favislos\u0165 medzi klaman\u00edm, omylom a \u0161kodou,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ind\u00edcie pl\u00e1novan\u00e9ho, opakovan\u00e9ho alebo obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho postupu<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ako aj <strong>podklady pre ekonomick\u00fd v\u00fdpo\u010det \u0161kody<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-peter-harlander\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/ph100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Peter Harlander<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eBez riadnej dokument\u00e1cie komunik\u00e1cie a platobn\u00fdch tokov zost\u00e1va podvod \u010dasto tvrden\u00edm proti tvrdeniu. To na ods\u00fadenie nesta\u010d\u00ed. \u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Bezplatn\u00e1 \u00favodn\u00e1 konzult\u00e1cia\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Vyberte si preferovan\u00fd term\u00edn:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Bezplatn\u00e1 \u00favodn\u00e1 konzult\u00e1cia<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-praxisbeispiele\">Praktick\u00e9 pr\u00edklady<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Podvod predstieran\u00edm neexistuj\u00faceho plnenia s nepravdiv\u00fdm vyd\u00e1van\u00edm sa za \u00faradn\u00fa osobu<\/strong>: P\u00e1chate\u013e sa <strong>nepravdivo vyd\u00e1va za \u00faradn\u00fa osobu<\/strong> a v r\u00e1mci tohto klamania po\u017eaduje zaplatenie \u00fadajn\u00e9ho poplatku, d\u00e1vky alebo pokuty. Obe\u0165 d\u00f4veruje predstieranej \u00faradnej poz\u00edcii, vykon\u00e1 po\u017eadovan\u00fa platbu a o\u010dak\u00e1va zodpovedaj\u00face \u00faradn\u00e9 plnenie alebo vybavenie z\u00e1le\u017eitosti. Tak\u00e9to plnenie nie je predpokladan\u00e9 a ani sa neuskuto\u010dn\u00ed. Majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda vznik\u00e1, preto\u017ee obe\u0165 <strong>na z\u00e1klade kvalifikovan\u00e9ho klamania<\/strong> sama disponuje so svoj\u00edm majetkom. Aj tu ide o      <strong>z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod pod\u013ea \u00a7 147 ods. 1 bod 3 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona <\/strong> .<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Podvod s kvalifikovan\u00fdm rozsahom \u0161kody<\/strong><br\/>P\u00e1chate\u013e klame o faktoch bez pou\u017eitia \u0161peci\u00e1lneho podvodn\u00e9ho prostriedku, nav\u00e1dza obe\u0165 k majetkovo po\u0161kodzuj\u00facemu nakladaniu a t\u00fdm sp\u00f4sob\u00ed <strong>\u0161kodu presahuj\u00facu 5 000,00 \u20ac<\/strong>. Majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda vznik\u00e1 na z\u00e1klade podvodom vyvolan\u00e9ho nakladania obete. Vzh\u013eadom na <strong>kvalifikovan\u00fd rozsah \u0161kody<\/strong>, bez oh\u013eadu na druh podvodu, ide o    <strong>\u0165a\u017ek\u00fd podvod pod\u013ea \u00a7 147 ods. 2 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona <\/strong> predstavuje. Ak \u0161koda presiahne <strong>300 000,00 \u20ac<\/strong>, skutkov\u00e1 podstata je naplnen\u00e1 pod\u013ea   <strong>\u00a7 147 ods. 3 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona <\/strong> .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Tieto pr\u00edklady objas\u0148uj\u00fa typick\u00e9 formy <strong>\u0165a\u017ek\u00e9ho podvodu<\/strong>. Charakteristick\u00e9 je aj tu, \u017ee sa nepou\u017e\u00edva <strong>\u017eiadne n\u00e1silie ani vyhr\u00e1\u017eky<\/strong>, ale obe\u0165 je <strong>prostredn\u00edctvom obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch podvodn\u00fdch prostriedkov alebo rozsahom \u0161kody<\/strong> naveden\u00e1 k dobrovo\u013en\u00e9mu, av\u0161ak omylom podmienen\u00e9mu nakladaniu s majetkom. \u0164a\u017eisko protipr\u00e1vnosti spo\u010d\u00edva v <strong>kvalifikovanom zav\u00e1dzan\u00ed alebo v mimoriadnom rozsahu \u0161kody<\/strong>, nie v intenzite fyzick\u00e9ho p\u00f4sobenia alebo v sp\u00f4sobe presunu majetku.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-subjektiver-tatbestand\">Subjekt\u00edvna skutkov\u00e1 podstata<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>Subjekt\u00edvna skutkov\u00e1 podstata \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9ho podvodu pod\u013ea <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona<\/a><\/strong> predpoklad\u00e1 <strong>\u00famysel vo vz\u0165ahu ku v\u0161etk\u00fdm objekt\u00edvnym znakom skutkovej podstaty \u00a7 146 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona<\/strong>. P\u00e1chate\u013e mus\u00ed vedie\u0165, \u017ee <strong>klamliv\u00fdm konan\u00edm o faktoch<\/strong> vyvol\u00e1va <strong>omyl<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd vedie k <strong>nakladaniu s majetkom po\u0161kodzuj\u00facim majetok<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Nepriamy \u00famysel<\/strong> posta\u010duje. P\u00e1chate\u013e mus\u00ed <strong>v\u00e1\u017ene pova\u017eova\u0165 za mo\u017en\u00e9 a zmieri\u0165 sa s<\/strong> podvodom, omylom, nakladan\u00edm s majetkom a majetkovou \u0161kodou. <\/p>\n\n<p>Okrem toho sa \u00famysel mus\u00ed vz\u0165ahova\u0165 <strong>aj na kvalifikuj\u00faci znak <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona<\/a><\/strong>, napr\u00edklad na <strong>pou\u017eitie \u0161peci\u00e1lneho podvodn\u00e9ho prostriedku<\/strong> alebo na <strong>vznik kvalifikovanej majetkovej \u0161kody<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p>Nevyhnutn\u00fd je <strong>\u00famysel obohati\u0165 sa<\/strong>. P\u00e1chate\u013e mus\u00ed kona\u0165 s cie\u013eom z\u00edska\u0165 pre seba alebo tretiu osobu <strong>neopr\u00e1vnen\u00fd majetkov\u00fd prospech<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd je <strong>vecne toto\u017en\u00fd so sp\u00f4sobenou majetkovou \u0161kodou<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p>Subjekt\u00edvna skutkov\u00e1 podstata nie je naplnen\u00e1, ak ch\u00fdba <strong>\u00famysel podv\u00e1dza\u0165<\/strong>, <strong>\u00famysel obohati\u0165 sa<\/strong> alebo <strong>\u00famysel vo vz\u0165ahu ku kvalifik\u00e1cii<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Bezplatn\u00e1 \u00favodn\u00e1 konzult\u00e1cia\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Vyberte si preferovan\u00fd term\u00edn:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Bezplatn\u00e1 \u00favodn\u00e1 konzult\u00e1cia<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-schuld-amp-irrtumer\">Vina a omyly<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/trestne-pravo\/pravny-omyl\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Omyl v z\u00e1kaze<\/a>:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n<p>Omyl v z\u00e1kaze ospravedl\u0148uje len vtedy, ak bol <strong>nevyhnutn\u00fd<\/strong>. Kto kon\u00e1 sp\u00f4sobom, ktor\u00fd <strong>zjavne zasahuje do pr\u00e1v in\u00fdch<\/strong>, nem\u00f4\u017ee sa odvol\u00e1va\u0165 na to, \u017ee si neuvedomil protipr\u00e1vnos\u0165. Ka\u017ed\u00fd je povinn\u00fd informova\u0165 sa o <strong>pr\u00e1vnych hraniciach<\/strong> svojho konania. Oby\u010dajn\u00e1 neznalos\u0165 alebo \u013eahkomyse\u013en\u00fd omyl nezbavuje zodpovednosti.   <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Princ\u00edp viny:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n<p>Trestn\u00fd je len ten, kto kon\u00e1 <strong>zavinen\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom<\/strong>. \u00damyseln\u00e9 trestn\u00e9 \u010diny vy\u017eaduj\u00fa, aby p\u00e1chate\u013e poznal podstatn\u00fd priebeh udalost\u00ed a aspo\u0148 <strong>vedome ho akceptoval<\/strong>. Ak tento \u00famysel ch\u00fdba, napr\u00edklad preto, \u017ee p\u00e1chate\u013e sa mylne domnieva, \u017ee jeho konanie je povolen\u00e9 alebo je <strong>dobrovo\u013ene podporovan\u00e9<\/strong>, ide nanajv\u00fd\u0161 o nedbanlivos\u0165. T\u00e1to v\u0161ak pri \u00famyseln\u00fdch trestn\u00fdch \u010dinoch nie je dostato\u010dn\u00e1.   <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Nepr\u00ed\u010detnos\u0165:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>Vina nepostihuje nikoho, kto v \u010dase sp\u00e1chania \u010dinu nebol schopn\u00fd pochopi\u0165 protipr\u00e1vnos\u0165 svojho konania alebo kona\u0165 pod\u013ea tohto poznania z d\u00f4vodu <strong>\u0165a\u017ekej du\u0161evnej poruchy<\/strong>, <strong>chorobnej du\u0161evnej poruchy<\/strong> alebo <strong>zna\u010dnej neschopnosti ovl\u00e1da\u0165 svoje konanie<\/strong>. V pr\u00edpade pochybnost\u00ed sa vy\u017eiada <strong>psychiatrick\u00fd posudok<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/trestne-pravo\/ospravedlnujuca-nudza\/\">Ospravedl\u0148uj\u00faca n\u00fadza<\/a>:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n<p>Ospravedl\u0148uj\u00faca n\u00fadza m\u00f4\u017ee nasta\u0165, ak p\u00e1chate\u013e kon\u00e1 v <strong>extr\u00e9mnej tiesni<\/strong>, aby odvr\u00e1til <strong>ak\u00fatne nebezpe\u010denstvo<\/strong> pre vlastn\u00fd \u017eivot alebo \u017eivot in\u00fdch. Konanie zost\u00e1va protipr\u00e1vne, ale m\u00f4\u017ee p\u00f4sobi\u0165 <strong>zni\u017euj\u00faco na vinu<\/strong> alebo ospravedl\u0148uj\u00faco, ak neexistovala in\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/trestne-pravo\/mylna-domnienka-o-ospravedlnujucej-skutocnosti\/\">Putat\u00edvna nutn\u00e1 obrana<\/a>:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n<p>Kto sa mylne domnieva, \u017ee je opr\u00e1vnen\u00fd k obrann\u00e9mu konaniu, kon\u00e1 bez \u00famyslu, ak bol omyl <strong>v\u00e1\u017eny a opodstatnen\u00fd<\/strong>. Tak\u00fdto omyl m\u00f4\u017ee <strong>zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 alebo vyl\u00fa\u010di\u0165 vinu<\/strong>. Ak v\u0161ak zostane poru\u0161enie povinnosti starostlivosti, prich\u00e1dza do \u00favahy nedbanliv\u00e9 alebo trest zni\u017euj\u00face pos\u00fadenie, nie v\u0161ak ospravedlnenie.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strafaufhebung-amp-diversion\">Zru\u0161enie trestu a odklon<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-diversion\">Diverzia:<\/h3>\n\n<p>Pri <strong>diverzii<\/strong> je pri <strong>\u0165a\u017ekom podvode pod\u013ea <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona<\/a><\/strong> mo\u017en\u00e1 len <strong>obmedzene<\/strong>. \u0164a\u017ek\u00fd podvod sa pr\u00e1vne pova\u017euje za <strong>v\u00fdrazne z\u00e1va\u017enej\u0161\u00ed<\/strong> ako jednoduch\u00fd podvod, preto\u017ee sa bu\u010f pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa <strong>obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 podvodn\u00e9 prostriedky<\/strong>, alebo vznikla <strong>zna\u010dn\u00e1 majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda<\/strong>. Aj ke\u010f nedo\u0161lo k n\u00e1siliu alebo vyhr\u00e1\u017ekam, t\u00e1to zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 z\u00e1va\u017enos\u0165 protipr\u00e1vnosti pravidelne sved\u010d\u00ed <strong>proti diversion\u00e1lnemu rie\u0161eniu<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<p>\u010ci je diverzia napriek tomu mo\u017en\u00e1, z\u00e1vis\u00ed od <strong>celkov\u00e9ho obrazu \u010dinu<\/strong>. Rozhoduj\u00face s\u00fa predov\u0161etk\u00fdm <strong>rozsah viny<\/strong>, <strong>druh podvodu<\/strong>, <strong>v\u00fd\u0161ka \u0161kody<\/strong>, <strong>intenzita \u010dinu<\/strong> a <strong>spr\u00e1vanie p\u00e1chate\u013ea po \u010dine<\/strong>. \u010c\u00edm z\u00e1va\u017enej\u0161\u00ed je podvod a \u010d\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161ia je \u0161koda, t\u00fdm <strong>nepravdepodobnej\u0161ia<\/strong> je diverzia.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Diverzia m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 <strong>v\u00fdnimo\u010dne<\/strong> pos\u00faden\u00e1, ak<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>celkov\u00e1 vina je n\u00edzka<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>hoci ide o \u0165a\u017ek\u00fd podvod, ten sa v\u0161ak nach\u00e1dza <strong>na dolnej hranici trestnosti<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda je zvl\u00e1dnute\u013en\u00e1<\/strong> a bola <strong>\u00faplne nahraden\u00e1<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nie je zjavn\u00e9 <strong>\u017eiadne pl\u00e1novan\u00e9, systematick\u00e9 alebo pokra\u010duj\u00face konanie<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>skutkov\u00fd stav je <strong>jednoduch\u00fd a jasn\u00fd<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a p\u00e1chate\u013e sa jav\u00ed ako <strong>ch\u00e1pav\u00fd, kooperat\u00edvny a ochotn\u00fd k n\u00e1hrade \u0161kody<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Ak prich\u00e1dza do \u00favahy diverzia, s\u00fad m\u00f4\u017ee nariadi\u0165 <strong>pe\u0148a\u017en\u00e9 plnenia<\/strong>, <strong>verejnoprospe\u0161n\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce<\/strong>, <strong>doh\u013ead proba\u010dn\u00e9ho \u00faradn\u00edka<\/strong> alebo <strong>medi\u00e1ciu<\/strong>. Diverzia nevedie <strong>k ods\u00fadeniu<\/strong> a <strong>k \u017eiadnemu z\u00e1znamu v registri trestov<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ausschluss-der-diversion\">Vyl\u00fa\u010denie diverzie:<\/h3>\n\n<p>Diverzia je <strong>pravidelne vyl\u00fa\u010den\u00e1<\/strong>, ak<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>podvod bol sp\u00e1chan\u00fd <strong>pl\u00e1novane alebo opakovane<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>vznikla <strong>vysok\u00e1 majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>existuje <strong>viacero podvodn\u00fdch konan\u00ed<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>je zjavn\u00e9 <strong>komer\u010dn\u00e9 konanie<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>boli pou\u017eit\u00e9 <strong>falo\u0161n\u00e9 listiny, manipulovan\u00e9 \u00fadaje alebo zneu\u017eit\u00e9 platobn\u00e9 prostriedky<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u010din bol sp\u00e1chan\u00fd <strong>v r\u00e1mci krimin\u00e1lnej skupiny<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>alebo spr\u00e1vanie <strong>v\u00fdrazne obmedzilo ekonomick\u00fa rozhodovaciu slobodu obete<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1ve pri <strong>ve\u013emi vysok\u00fdch \u0161kod\u00e1ch<\/strong> alebo <strong>obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch podvodn\u00fdch prostriedkoch<\/strong> je diverzia <strong>prakticky vyl\u00fa\u010den\u00e1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p>Diverzia pri \u0165a\u017ekom podvode je realistick\u00e1 <strong>len vo v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch<\/strong>. Predpoklad\u00e1 <strong>n\u00edzku mieru viny<\/strong>, <strong>zvl\u00e1dnute\u013en\u00fa \u0161kodu<\/strong> a <strong>v\u010dasn\u00fa, \u00fapln\u00fa n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody<\/strong>. V praxi je ove\u013ea \u010dastej\u0161ie mo\u017en\u00e1 pri <strong>jednoduchom podvode<\/strong> ako pri <strong>\u0165a\u017ekom podvode<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd pravidelne vedie k <strong>form\u00e1lnemu trestn\u00e9mu konaniu<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eOdklon nie je automatizmus. Pl\u00e1novan\u00fd postup, opakovanie alebo cite\u013en\u00e1 majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda v praxi \u010dasto vylu\u010duj\u00fa odklonov\u00e9 rie\u0161enie. \u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Bezplatn\u00e1 \u00favodn\u00e1 konzult\u00e1cia\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Vyberte si preferovan\u00fd term\u00edn:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Bezplatn\u00e1 \u00favodn\u00e1 konzult\u00e1cia<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strafzumessung-amp-folgen\">Ukladanie trestu a n\u00e1sledky<\/h2>\n\n<p>S\u00fad ur\u010duje trest pod\u013ea <strong>rozsahu majetkovej \u0161kody<\/strong>, pod\u013ea <strong>druhu, intenzity a trvania podvodu<\/strong>, ako aj pod\u013ea toho, do akej miery bola ovplyvnen\u00e1 <strong>rozhodovacia sloboda a ekonomick\u00e9 postavenie obete<\/strong>. Rozhoduj\u00face je najm\u00e4, ako <strong>pl\u00e1novane, cielene alebo opakovane<\/strong> p\u00e1chate\u013e konal a \u010di podvodn\u00e9 konanie viedlo k <strong>zna\u010dn\u00e9mu majetkov\u00e9mu po\u0161kodeniu<\/strong>. Zoh\u013ead\u0148uje sa aj to, \u010di p\u00e1chate\u013e konal <strong>s osobitnou rafinovanos\u0165ou<\/strong>, <strong>s pou\u017eit\u00edm kvalifikovan\u00fdch podvodn\u00fdch prostriedkov<\/strong> alebo <strong>zneu\u017eit\u00edm d\u00f4very<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-erschwerungsgrunde-bestehen-insbesondere-wenn\">Pri\u0165a\u017euj\u00face okolnosti existuj\u00fa najm\u00e4, ak<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u010din bol sp\u00e1chan\u00fd <strong>pl\u00e1novane, systematicky alebo opakovane<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>vznikla <strong>zna\u010dn\u00e1 majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>bolo dotknut\u00fdch viacero majetkov\u00fdch hodn\u00f4t alebo ekonomicky centr\u00e1lnych poz\u00edci\u00ed,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>p\u00e1chate\u013e zneu\u017eil <strong>osobitn\u00fd d\u00f4vern\u00fd vz\u0165ah<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u010din bol sp\u00e1chan\u00fd v <strong>bl\u00edzkom, z\u00e1vislom alebo nadradenom vz\u0165ahu<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>alebo existuj\u00fa <strong>relevantn\u00e9 predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face ods\u00fadenia<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-milderungsgrunde-sind-etwa\">Po\u013eah\u010duj\u00face okolnosti s\u00fa napr\u00edklad<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>bez\u00fahonnos\u0165<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00fapln\u00e9 <strong>priznanie<\/strong> a rozpoznate\u013en\u00e9 pochopenie,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>skor\u00e9 ukon\u010denie<\/strong> deliktu\u00e1lneho spr\u00e1vania,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>akt\u00edvne a \u00fapln\u00e9 \u00fasilie o n\u00e1pravu<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>osobitn\u00e9 <strong>z\u00e1\u0165a\u017eov\u00e9 alebo pre\u0165a\u017euj\u00face situ\u00e1cie<\/strong> u p\u00e1chate\u013ea,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>alebo <strong>pr\u00edli\u0161 dlh\u00e9 trvanie konania<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><strong>Podmiene\u010dn\u00e9 upustenie od v\u00fdkonu trestu od\u0148atia slobody<\/strong> je pri <strong>\u0165a\u017ekom podvode<\/strong> mo\u017en\u00e9 len <strong>obmedzene<\/strong>. Rozhoduj\u00face je, \u010di napriek <strong>kvalifikovan\u00e9mu sp\u00e1chaniu \u010dinu<\/strong> existuje <strong>pozit\u00edvna soci\u00e1lna progn\u00f3za<\/strong>. S rast\u00facou <strong>v\u00fd\u0161kou \u0161kody<\/strong>, pou\u017eit\u00edm <strong>obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch podvodn\u00fdch prostriedkov<\/strong> alebo pri <strong>pl\u00e1novanom alebo opakovanom konan\u00ed<\/strong> pravdepodobnos\u0165 podmiene\u010dn\u00e9ho trestu v\u00fdrazne kles\u00e1.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strafrahmen\">Trestn\u00e1 sadzba<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pre <strong>\u0165a\u017ek\u00fd podvod pod\u013ea <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona<\/a><\/strong> z\u00e1kon stanovuje <strong>v\u00fdrazne vy\u0161\u0161ie trestn\u00e9 sadzby<\/strong> ako pri jednoduchom podvode. Rozhoduj\u00face je, \u010di bol \u010din sp\u00e1chan\u00fd <strong>prostredn\u00edctvom obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch podvodn\u00fdch prostriedkov<\/strong> alebo \u010di bol dosiahnut\u00fd <strong>kvalifikovan\u00fd rozsah majetkovej \u0161kody<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p>Ak je podvod sp\u00e1chan\u00fd s pou\u017eit\u00edm <strong>falo\u0161n\u00fdch alebo pozmenen\u00fdch list\u00edn<\/strong>, <strong>zneu\u017eit\u00fdch bezhotovostn\u00fdch platobn\u00fdch prostriedkov<\/strong>, <strong>manipulovan\u00fdch alebo odpo\u010d\u00favan\u00fdch \u00fadajov<\/strong>, <strong>nespr\u00e1vneho meracieho zariadenia<\/strong> alebo <strong>vyd\u00e1van\u00edm sa za \u00faradn\u00fa osobu<\/strong>, hroz\u00ed <strong>trest od\u0148atia slobody a\u017e na tri roky<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ak ide o \u0165a\u017ek\u00fd podvod s <strong>kvalifikovanou majetkovou \u0161kodou<\/strong>, najm\u00e4 ak <strong>\u0161koda presahuje 5 000,00 \u20ac<\/strong>, je taktie\u017e stanoven\u00fd <strong>trest od\u0148atia slobody a\u017e na tri roky<\/strong>. Ak je \u010dinom sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 <strong>\u0161koda presahuj\u00faca 300 000,00 \u20ac<\/strong>, trestn\u00e1 sadzba sa zvy\u0161uje na <strong>jeden a\u017e desa\u0165 rokov od\u0148atia slobody<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p>Ak je \u0165a\u017ek\u00fd podvod sp\u00e1chan\u00fd <strong>v r\u00e1mci krimin\u00e1lneho zdru\u017eenia<\/strong>, trestn\u00e1 sadzba sa zvy\u0161uje na <strong>\u0161es\u0165 mesiacov a\u017e p\u00e4\u0165 rokov od\u0148atia slobody<\/strong>, bez oh\u013eadu na konkr\u00e9tnu v\u00fd\u0161ku \u0161kody.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>V\u00fdslovne upraven\u00fd menej z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd pr\u00edpad<\/strong> nie je ani pri \u0165a\u017ekom podvode <strong>predpokladan\u00fd<\/strong>. Konkr\u00e9tna v\u00fd\u0161ka trestu sa v\u0161ak pohybuje v r\u00e1mci pr\u00edslu\u0161nej z\u00e1konnej trestnej sadzby a riadi sa najm\u00e4 <strong>v\u00fd\u0161kou \u0161kody<\/strong>, <strong>druhom a intenzitou podvodu<\/strong>, <strong>rozsahom pou\u017eit\u00fdch podvodn\u00fdch prostriedkov<\/strong>, <strong>trvan\u00edm \u010dinu<\/strong>, ako aj <strong>osobn\u00fdmi okolnos\u0165ami p\u00e1chate\u013ea<\/strong>. Pri ni\u017e\u0161ej miere viny, zvl\u00e1dnute\u013enej \u0161kode a \u00faplnej n\u00e1hrade \u0161kody sa m\u00f4\u017ee postupova\u0165 v dolnej \u010dasti trestnej sadzby, zatia\u013e \u010do pri vysok\u00fdch \u0161kod\u00e1ch alebo obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 nebezpe\u010dnom podvode hrozia pr\u00edsne tresty od\u0148atia slobody.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Aj pri \u0165a\u017ekom podvode je potrebn\u00e9 poznamena\u0165, \u017ee <strong>nie ka\u017ed\u00e1 nespr\u00e1vna inform\u00e1cia je trestn\u00e1<\/strong>. Trestnos\u0165 predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee ide o <strong>klamliv\u00e9 konanie o faktoch<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 <strong>kauz\u00e1lne vedie k nakladaniu s majetkom a k majetkovej \u0161kode<\/strong> a \u017ee p\u00e1chate\u013e kon\u00e1 <strong>s \u00famyslom obohati\u0165 sa<\/strong>. Ak ch\u00fdba napr\u00edklad omyl sp\u00f4soben\u00fd podvodom, sp\u00f4sobenie \u0161kody, \u00famysel vo vz\u0165ahu ku kvalifik\u00e1cii alebo \u00famysel obohati\u0165 sa, skutkov\u00e1 podstata zanik\u00e1 a <strong>nevznik\u00e1 \u017eiadna trestnopr\u00e1vna zodpovednos\u0165<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-geldstrafe-tagessatzsystem\">Pe\u0148a\u017en\u00fd trest \u2013 syst\u00e9m denn\u00fdch sadzieb<\/h2>\n\n<p>Rak\u00faske trestn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo vypo\u010d\u00edtava pe\u0148a\u017en\u00e9 tresty pod\u013ea <strong>syst\u00e9mu denn\u00fdch sadzieb<\/strong>. <strong>Po\u010det denn\u00fdch sadzieb<\/strong> sa riadi <strong>vinou<\/strong>, <strong>suma za de\u0148<\/strong> sa riadi <strong>finan\u010dnou schopnos\u0165ou<\/strong>. Trest sa tak prisp\u00f4sobuje osobn\u00fdm pomerom a napriek tomu zost\u00e1va cite\u013en\u00fd.  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Rozsah:<\/strong> a\u017e do <strong>720 denn\u00fdch sadzieb<\/strong> \u2013 minim\u00e1lne <strong>4 \u20ac<\/strong>, maxim\u00e1lne <strong>5 000 \u20ac<\/strong> za de\u0148.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Praktick\u00fd vzorec:<\/strong> Pribli\u017ene <strong>6 mesiacov od\u0148atia slobody zodpoved\u00e1 pribli\u017ene 360 denn\u00fdm sadzb\u00e1m<\/strong>. Tento prepo\u010det sl\u00fa\u017ei len ako <strong>orient\u00e1cia<\/strong> a <strong>nie je pevnou sch\u00e9mou<\/strong>. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pri nezaplaten\u00ed:<\/strong> S\u00fad m\u00f4\u017ee ulo\u017ei\u0165 <strong>n\u00e1hradn\u00fd trest od\u0148atia slobody<\/strong>. Spravidla plat\u00ed: <strong>1 de\u0148 n\u00e1hradn\u00e9ho trestu od\u0148atia slobody zodpoved\u00e1 2 denn\u00fdm sadzb\u00e1m<\/strong>. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-hinweis\">Pozn\u00e1mka:<\/h4>\n\n<p>Pri <strong>\u0165a\u017ekom podvode pod\u013ea <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona<\/a><\/strong> ustupuje <strong>pe\u0148a\u017en\u00fd trest vo\u010di trestu od\u0148atia slobody<\/strong> v\u00fdrazne do pozadia. Vzh\u013eadom na <strong>zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fa trestn\u00fa sadzbu<\/strong> nie je <strong>v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u00fd pe\u0148a\u017en\u00fd trest<\/strong> z\u00e1konom <strong>pravidlom<\/strong>, ale je myslite\u013en\u00fd len vo <strong>v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch s n\u00edzkou mierou viny a n\u00edzkym stup\u0148om protipr\u00e1vnosti<\/strong>. V praxi sa preto <strong>syst\u00e9m denn\u00fdch sadzieb<\/strong> pri \u0165a\u017ekom podvode pou\u017e\u00edva <strong>v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou doplnkovo alebo n\u00e1hradne<\/strong>, zatia\u013e \u010do <strong>tresty od\u0148atia slobody<\/strong>, podmiene\u010dn\u00e9 alebo nepodmiene\u010dn\u00e9, s\u00fa v popred\u00ed.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-freiheitsstrafe-amp-teil-bedingte-nachsicht\">Trest od\u0148atia slobody a (\u010diasto\u010dne) podmiene\u010dn\u00e9 odpustenie<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u00a7 37 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona: Ak z\u00e1konn\u00e1 trestn\u00e1 sadzba dosahuje <strong>a\u017e p\u00e4\u0165 rokov od\u0148atia slobody<\/strong>, s\u00fad m\u00f4\u017ee za z\u00e1konn\u00fdch podmienok <strong>namiesto kr\u00e1tkeho trestu od\u0148atia slobody v trvan\u00ed najviac jedn\u00e9ho roka ulo\u017ei\u0165 pe\u0148a\u017en\u00fd trest<\/strong>. Toto ustanovenie je pri <strong>\u0165a\u017ekom podvode pod\u013ea <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona<\/a><\/strong> <strong>pou\u017eite\u013en\u00e9 len obmedzene<\/strong>, preto\u017ee trestn\u00e1 sadzba je v z\u00e1vislosti od sp\u00f4sobu sp\u00e1chania \u010dinu v\u00fdrazne zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1. V praxi prich\u00e1dza \u00a7 37 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona do \u00favahy len vtedy, ak by napriek kvalifik\u00e1cii bol <strong>kr\u00e1tky trest od\u0148atia slobody primeran\u00fd vine<\/strong> a celkov\u00fd obraz \u010dinu sa nach\u00e1dza <strong>na dolnej hranici \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9ho podvodu<\/strong>. Nejde pritom <strong>o vlastn\u00fa hrozbu pe\u0148a\u017en\u00e9ho trestu<\/strong>, ale o <strong>n\u00e1hradn\u00fa formu za kr\u00e1tke tresty od\u0148atia slobody<\/strong>.   <\/p>\n\n<p>\u00a7 43 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona: <strong>Podmiene\u010dn\u00e9 upustenie od v\u00fdkonu trestu od\u0148atia slobody<\/strong> je mo\u017en\u00e9, ak ulo\u017een\u00fd trest <strong>nepresahuje dva roky<\/strong> a p\u00e1chate\u013e m\u00e1 <strong>pozit\u00edvnu soci\u00e1lnu progn\u00f3zu<\/strong>. Pri <strong>\u0165a\u017ekom podvode<\/strong> je t\u00e1to mo\u017enos\u0165 <strong>v\u00fdrazne obmedzenej\u0161ia<\/strong> ako pri jednoduchom podvode. Prich\u00e1dza do \u00favahy najm\u00e4 u <strong>prvop\u00e1chate\u013eov<\/strong>, pri <strong>zvl\u00e1dnute\u013enej \u0161kode<\/strong>, <strong>\u00faplnej n\u00e1hrade \u0161kody<\/strong> a <strong>absencii pl\u00e1novan\u00e9ho alebo opakovan\u00e9ho konania<\/strong>. S rast\u00facou v\u00fd\u0161kou \u0161kody alebo pou\u017eit\u00edm kvalifikovan\u00fdch podvodn\u00fdch prostriedkov pravdepodobnos\u0165 podmiene\u010dn\u00e9ho upustenia v\u00fdrazne kles\u00e1.   <\/p>\n\n<p>\u00a7 43a Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona: <strong>\u010ciasto\u010dn\u00e9 podmiene\u010dn\u00e9 upustenie<\/strong> umo\u017e\u0148uje kombin\u00e1ciu <strong>nepodmiene\u010dnej<\/strong> a <strong>podmiene\u010dne odlo\u017eenej \u010dasti trestu<\/strong> pri trestoch od\u0148atia slobody <strong>nad \u0161es\u0165 mesiacov a do dvoch rokov<\/strong>. Pri \u0165a\u017ekom podvode m\u00f4\u017ee t\u00e1to forma nadobudn\u00fa\u0165 v\u00fdznam, ak sa obraz \u010dinu neklasifikuje <strong>ako viac ne\u017e nepatrn\u00fd<\/strong>, ale ani <strong>ako obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd<\/strong>. Prich\u00e1dza do \u00favahy napr\u00edklad pri <strong>vy\u0161\u0161ej \u0161kode<\/strong>, <strong>viacer\u00fdch skutkoch<\/strong> alebo <strong>zv\u00fd\u0161enej intenzite \u010dinu<\/strong>, pokia\u013e napriek tomu existuje <strong>priazniv\u00e1 soci\u00e1lna progn\u00f3za<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/trestne-pravo\/probacia-a-nariadenia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7\u00a7 50 a\u017e 52 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona:<\/a> S\u00fad m\u00f4\u017ee <strong>udeli\u0165 pokyny<\/strong> a <strong>nariadi\u0165 proba\u010dn\u00fd doh\u013ead<\/strong>. Pri \u0165a\u017ekom podvode sa tieto opatrenia \u010dasto t\u00fdkaj\u00fa <strong>pokynov usmer\u0148uj\u00facich spr\u00e1vanie<\/strong>, najm\u00e4 na <strong>n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody<\/strong>, na <strong>finan\u010dn\u00e9 usporiadanie<\/strong> alebo na <strong>stabiliz\u00e1ciu osobn\u00fdch \u017eivotn\u00fdch podmienok<\/strong>. Cie\u013eom je <strong>zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 \u010fal\u0161\u00edm majetkov\u00fdm trestn\u00fdm \u010dinom<\/strong> a podpori\u0165 <strong>udr\u017eate\u013en\u00fa soci\u00e1lnu reintegr\u00e1ciu<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-zustandigkeit-der-gerichte\">Pr\u00edslu\u0161nos\u0165 s\u00fadov<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sachliche-zustandigkeit\">Vecn\u00e1 pr\u00edslu\u0161nos\u0165<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>\u0164a\u017ek\u00fd podvod pod\u013ea <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona<\/a><\/strong> je ohrozen\u00fd <strong>trestami od\u0148atia slobody a\u017e na tri roky, a\u017e na p\u00e4\u0165 rokov alebo a\u017e na desa\u0165 rokov<\/strong>, v z\u00e1vislosti od druhu podvodu a v\u00fd\u0161ky \u0161kody. T\u00fdmto skutkov\u00e1 podstata <strong>u\u017e nespad\u00e1 do p\u00f4sobnosti okresn\u00e9ho s\u00fadu<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Hlavn\u00e9 konanie sa z\u00e1sadne vedie pred krajsk\u00fdm s\u00fadom<\/strong>. Ak\u00e9 zlo\u017eenie krajsk\u00e9ho s\u00fadu je pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9, z\u00e1vis\u00ed od <strong>konkr\u00e9tnej hrozby trestu<\/strong> a od <strong>rozsahu \u0161kody<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p>V praxi plat\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pri \u0165a\u017ekom podvode s hrozbou trestu <strong>a\u017e do troch rokov<\/strong> rozhoduje <strong>krajsk\u00fd s\u00fad prostredn\u00edctvom samosudcu<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ak ide o \u0165a\u017ek\u00fd podvod s <strong>v\u00fdrazne zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm rozsahom \u0161kody<\/strong>, najm\u00e4 pri ve\u013emi vysok\u00fdch majetkov\u00fdch \u0161kod\u00e1ch, je pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd <strong>krajsk\u00fd s\u00fad ako sen\u00e1t s pr\u00edsediacimi<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Porotn\u00fd s\u00fad<\/strong> nie je pri \u0165a\u017ekom podvode <strong>pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd<\/strong>, preto\u017ee <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona<\/a> nepredpoklad\u00e1 do\u017eivotn\u00fd trest od\u0148atia slobody a \u017eiadnu doln\u00fa hranicu viac ako p\u00e4\u0165 rokov.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><strong>Okresn\u00fd s\u00fad<\/strong> nie je pri \u0165a\u017ekom podvode <strong>nikdy vecne pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd<\/strong>, bez oh\u013eadu na to, \u010di ide o jednoduch\u00fd alebo komplexn\u00fd pr\u00edpad.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ortliche-zustandigkeit\">Miestna pr\u00edslu\u0161nos\u0165<\/h3>\n\n<p>Miestne pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd je z\u00e1sadne s\u00fad, v ktor\u00e9ho obvode bol \u010din <strong>vykonan\u00fd alebo mal by\u0165 vykonan\u00fd<\/strong>. Rozhoduj\u00face je najm\u00e4 miesto, <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>bola <strong>vykonan\u00e1 klamliv\u00e1 \u010dinnos\u0165<\/strong> alebo<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>bolo vykonan\u00e9 alebo malo by\u0165 vykonan\u00e9 <strong>majetkovo po\u0161kodzuj\u00face konanie<\/strong> oklaman\u00e9ho.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Ak toto miesto nemo\u017eno jednozna\u010dne ur\u010di\u0165, pr\u00edslu\u0161nos\u0165 sa riadi z\u00e1konn\u00fdmi z\u00e1chytn\u00fdmi pravidlami, najm\u00e4 pod\u013ea<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>bydliska obvinenej osoby<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>miesta zatknutia<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>alebo <strong>s\u00eddlu vecne pr\u00edslu\u0161nej prokurat\u00fary<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Konanie sa vedie tam, kde je najlep\u0161ie zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 <strong>\u00fa\u010deln\u00e9 a riadne vykonanie<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-instanzenzug\">Odvolacie konanie<\/h3>\n\n<p>Ak <strong>krajsk\u00fd s\u00fad<\/strong> vyd\u00e1 rozsudok, stran\u00e1m je k dispoz\u00edcii <strong>z\u00e1konn\u00fd opravn\u00fd prostriedok<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Proti rozsudkom krajsk\u00e9ho s\u00fadu mo\u017eno poda\u0165 <strong>odvolanie<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V z\u00e1konom stanoven\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch prich\u00e1dza do \u00favahy aj <strong>s\u0165a\u017enos\u0165 pre poru\u0161enie z\u00e1kona<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>O t\u00fdchto opravn\u00fdch prostriedkoch rozhoduje v z\u00e1vislosti od druhu konania <strong>vrchn\u00fd s\u00fad<\/strong> alebo <strong>Najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed s\u00fad<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Pri tom sa preveruje, \u010di bolo konanie <strong>riadne veden\u00e9<\/strong>, pr\u00e1vo <strong>spr\u00e1vne uplatnen\u00e9<\/strong> a rozhodnutie <strong>bez z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch procesn\u00fdch ch\u00fdb<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-zivilanspruche-im-strafverfahren\">Ob\u010dianskopr\u00e1vne n\u00e1roky v trestnom konan\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pri <strong>\u0165a\u017ekom podvode pod\u013ea <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona<\/a><\/strong> m\u00f4\u017ee po\u0161koden\u00e1 osoba ako <strong>s\u00fakromn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk<\/strong> uplatni\u0165 svoje ob\u010dianskopr\u00e1vne n\u00e1roky priamo v trestnom konan\u00ed. Ke\u010f\u017ee aj \u0165a\u017ek\u00fd podvod je zameran\u00fd na <strong>majetkovo po\u0161kodzuj\u00face konanie vyvolan\u00e9 klamliv\u00fdm konan\u00edm o faktoch<\/strong>, n\u00e1roky zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa najm\u00e4 <strong>pe\u0148a\u017en\u00e9 plnenia<\/strong>, <strong>preveden\u00e9 sumy<\/strong>, <strong>vydan\u00e9 majetkov\u00e9 hodnoty<\/strong>, <strong>vzdanie sa poh\u013ead\u00e1vok<\/strong>, ako aj in\u00e9 <strong>majetkov\u00e9 ujmy<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 vznikli v d\u00f4sledku podvodu. To plat\u00ed aj vtedy, ak bol podvod sp\u00e1chan\u00fd <strong>kvalifikovan\u00fdmi prostriedkami<\/strong>, ako s\u00fa <strong>falo\u0161n\u00e9 alebo pozmenen\u00e9 listiny<\/strong>, <strong>manipulovan\u00e9 \u00fadaje<\/strong> alebo <strong>vyd\u00e1vanie sa za \u00faradn\u00fa osobu<\/strong>, alebo ak ide o <strong>kvalifikovan\u00fa \u0161kodu<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<p>V z\u00e1vislosti od skutkov\u00e9ho stavu mo\u017eno po\u017eadova\u0165 n\u00e1hradu aj za <strong>n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 \u0161kody<\/strong>, napr\u00edklad ak konanie sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 podvodom viedlo k <strong>ekonomick\u00fdm nev\u00fdhod\u00e1m<\/strong>, <strong>probl\u00e9mom s likviditou<\/strong> alebo <strong>prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fdm \u0161kod\u00e1m<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Pripojenie s\u00fakromn\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edka<\/strong> preru\u0161uje <strong>preml\u010danie<\/strong> v\u0161etk\u00fdch uplatnen\u00fdch n\u00e1rokov, pokia\u013e je trestn\u00e9 konanie prebiehaj\u00face. A\u017e po pr\u00e1voplatnom ukon\u010den\u00ed trestn\u00e9ho konania plynie preml\u010dacia lehota \u010falej, pokia\u013e \u0161koda nebola \u00faplne priznan\u00e1. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Dobrovo\u013en\u00e1 n\u00e1hrada \u0161kody<\/strong>, napr\u00edklad vr\u00e1tenie z\u00edskan\u00fdch s\u00fam, vyrovnanie sp\u00f4sobenej \u0161kody alebo v\u00e1\u017ene \u00fasilie o od\u0161kodnenie, m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 <strong>po\u013eah\u010duj\u00faci \u00fa\u010dinok na trest<\/strong>, pokia\u013e sa uskuto\u010dn\u00ed <strong>v\u010das a \u00faplne<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ak v\u0161ak p\u00e1chate\u013e klamal <strong>cielene, pl\u00e1novane alebo opakovane<\/strong>, sp\u00f4sobil <strong>zna\u010dn\u00fa majetkov\u00fa \u0161kodu<\/strong> alebo podvod vykonal <strong>obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 rafinovane<\/strong> alebo <strong>s pou\u017eit\u00edm kvalifikovan\u00fdch prostriedkov podvodu<\/strong>, neskor\u0161ia n\u00e1hrada \u0161kody pravidelne str\u00e1ca \u010das\u0165 svojho po\u013eah\u010duj\u00faceho \u00fa\u010dinku. V tak\u00fdchto kon\u0161tel\u00e1ci\u00e1ch m\u00f4\u017ee dodato\u010dn\u00e9 vyrovnanie kompenzova\u0165 nespravodlivos\u0165 z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu len <strong>obmedzene<\/strong>. <\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eN\u00e1roky s\u00fakromn\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov musia by\u0165 jasne vy\u010d\u00edslen\u00e9 a dolo\u017een\u00e9. Bez riadnej dokument\u00e1cie \u0161kody zost\u00e1va n\u00e1rok na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody v trestnom konan\u00ed \u010dasto ne\u00fapln\u00fd a pres\u00fava sa do ob\u010dianskeho konania. \u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Bezplatn\u00e1 \u00favodn\u00e1 konzult\u00e1cia\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Vyberte si preferovan\u00fd term\u00edn:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Bezplatn\u00e1 \u00favodn\u00e1 konzult\u00e1cia<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strafverfahren-im-uberblick\">Preh\u013ead trestn\u00e9ho konania<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ermittlungsbeginn\">Za\u010diatok vy\u0161etrovania<\/h3>\n\n<p>Trestn\u00e9 konanie predpoklad\u00e1 konkr\u00e9tne podozrenie, od ktor\u00e9ho sa osoba pova\u017euje za obvinen\u00e9ho a m\u00f4\u017ee uplatni\u0165 v\u0161etky pr\u00e1va obvinen\u00e9ho. Ke\u010f\u017ee ide o <strong>trestn\u00fd \u010din st\u00edhan\u00fd z \u00faradnej moci<\/strong>, pol\u00edcia a prokurat\u00fara za\u010dn\u00fa konanie <strong>z \u00faradnej moci<\/strong>, akon\u00e1hle existuje zodpovedaj\u00face podozrenie. Osobitn\u00e9 vyhl\u00e1senie po\u0161koden\u00e9ho na to nie je potrebn\u00e9.  <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-polizei-und-staatsanwaltschaft\">Pol\u00edcia a prokurat\u00fara<\/h3>\n\n<p>Prokurat\u00fara vedie vy\u0161etrovanie a ur\u010duje \u010fal\u0161\u00ed priebeh. Krimin\u00e1lna pol\u00edcia vykon\u00e1va potrebn\u00e9 vy\u0161etrovania, zabezpe\u010duje stopy, zbiera svedeck\u00e9 v\u00fdpovede a dokumentuje \u0161kodu. Na konci prokurat\u00fara rozhoduje o <strong>zastaven\u00ed konania<\/strong>, <strong>odklone<\/strong> alebo <strong>ob\u017ealobe<\/strong>, v z\u00e1vislosti od miery zavinenia, v\u00fd\u0161ky \u0161kody a d\u00f4kaznej situ\u00e1cie.  <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-beschuldigtenvernehmung\">V\u00fdsluch obvinen\u00e9ho<\/h3>\n\n<p>Pred ka\u017ed\u00fdm v\u00fdsluchom dostane obvinen\u00e1 osoba \u00fapln\u00e9 pou\u010denie o svojich pr\u00e1vach, najm\u00e4 o <strong>pr\u00e1ve ml\u010da\u0165<\/strong> a o <strong>pr\u00e1ve na obhajcu<\/strong>. Ak obvinen\u00fd \u017eiada obhajcu, v\u00fdsluch sa mus\u00ed odlo\u017ei\u0165. Form\u00e1lny v\u00fdsluch obvinen\u00e9ho sl\u00fa\u017ei na konfront\u00e1ciu s obvinen\u00edm z trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu a na poskytnutie mo\u017enosti vyjadri\u0165 sa.  <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-akteneinsicht\">Nahliadnutie do spisu<\/h3>\n\n<p>Nahliadnutie do spisu je mo\u017en\u00e9 na pol\u00edcii, prokurat\u00fare alebo s\u00fade. Zah\u0155\u0148a aj d\u00f4kazn\u00e9 predmety, pokia\u013e t\u00fdm nie je ohrozen\u00fd \u00fa\u010del vy\u0161etrovania. Pripojenie s\u00fakromn\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edka sa riadi v\u0161eobecn\u00fdmi pravidlami Trestn\u00e9ho poriadku a umo\u017e\u0148uje po\u0161koden\u00e9mu uplatni\u0165 n\u00e1roky na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody priamo v trestnom konan\u00ed.  <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-hauptverhandlung\">Hlavn\u00e9 pojedn\u00e1vanie<\/h3>\n\n<p>Hlavn\u00e9 pojedn\u00e1vanie sl\u00fa\u017ei na \u00fastne dokazovanie, pr\u00e1vne pos\u00fadenie a rozhodnutie o pr\u00edpadn\u00fdch ob\u010dianskopr\u00e1vnych n\u00e1rokoch. S\u00fad preveruje najm\u00e4 priebeh \u010dinu, \u00famysel, v\u00fd\u0161ku \u0161kody a vierohodnos\u0165 v\u00fdpoved\u00ed. Konanie sa uzatv\u00e1ra rozsudkom o vine, osloboden\u00edm alebo odklonom.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-beschuldigtenrechte\">Pr\u00e1va obvinen\u00e9ho<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Inform\u00e1cie a obhajoba:<\/strong> Pr\u00e1vo na ozn\u00e1menie, pr\u00e1vnu pomoc, slobodn\u00fa vo\u013ebu obhajcu, prekladate\u013esk\u00fa pomoc, n\u00e1vrhy na d\u00f4kazy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ml\u010danie a advok\u00e1t:<\/strong> Pr\u00e1vo ml\u010da\u0165 kedyko\u013evek; pri prizvan\u00ed obhajcu sa v\u00fdsluch odklad\u00e1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pou\u010dovacia povinnos\u0165:<\/strong> v\u010dasn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o podozren\u00ed\/pr\u00e1vach; v\u00fdnimky len na zabezpe\u010denie \u00fa\u010delu vy\u0161etrovania.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nahliadnutie do spisu v praxi:<\/strong> Vy\u0161etrovacie a hlavn\u00e9 konanie; nahliadnutie tret\u00edch str\u00e1n obmedzen\u00e9 v prospech obvinen\u00e9ho.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eSpr\u00e1vne kroky v prv\u00fdch 48 hodin\u00e1ch \u010dasto rozhoduj\u00fa o tom, \u010di sa konanie eskaluje alebo zostane kontrolovate\u013en\u00e9.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Bezplatn\u00e1 \u00favodn\u00e1 konzult\u00e1cia\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Vyberte si preferovan\u00fd term\u00edn:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Bezplatn\u00e1 \u00favodn\u00e1 konzult\u00e1cia<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-praxis-amp-verhaltenstipps\">Prax a tipy na spr\u00e1vanie<\/h2>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Zachovajte ml\u010danie.<\/strong><br\/>Sta\u010d\u00ed kr\u00e1tke vysvetlenie: \u201eUplat\u0148ujem svoje pr\u00e1vo ml\u010da\u0165 a najprv sa porozpr\u00e1vam so svojou obhajobou.\u201c Toto pr\u00e1vo plat\u00ed u\u017e od prv\u00e9ho v\u00fdsluchu pol\u00edciou alebo prokurat\u00farou. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Okam\u017eite kontaktujte obhajobu.<\/strong><br\/>Bez nahliadnutia do vy\u0161etrovac\u00edch spisov by sa nemala pod\u00e1va\u0165 \u017eiadna v\u00fdpove\u010f. A\u017e po nahliadnut\u00ed do spisu m\u00f4\u017ee obhajoba pos\u00fadi\u0165, ak\u00e1 strat\u00e9gia a ak\u00e9 zabezpe\u010denie d\u00f4kazov s\u00fa zmyslupln\u00e9. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Okam\u017eite zabezpe\u010dte d\u00f4kazy.<\/strong><br\/>V\u0161etky dostupn\u00e9 dokumenty, spr\u00e1vy, fotografie, vide\u00e1 a in\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy by ste mali \u010do najsk\u00f4r zabezpe\u010di\u0165 a uchova\u0165 v k\u00f3pii. Digit\u00e1lne \u00fadaje je potrebn\u00e9 pravidelne z\u00e1lohova\u0165 a chr\u00e1ni\u0165 pred n\u00e1sledn\u00fdmi zmenami. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 osoby si poznamenajte ako mo\u017en\u00fdch svedkov a priebeh udalost\u00ed si v\u010das zaznamenajte do pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00e9ho protokolu.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nenadv\u00e4zujte kontakt s protistranou.<\/strong><br\/>Va\u0161e vlastn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy, hovory alebo pr\u00edspevky m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00e9 ako d\u00f4kaz proti v\u00e1m. V\u0161etka komunik\u00e1cia by mala prebieha\u0165 v\u00fdlu\u010dne prostredn\u00edctvom obhajoby. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Video a d\u00e1tov\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy v\u010das zabezpe\u010dte.<\/strong><br\/>Monitorovacie vide\u00e1 vo verejnej doprave, podnikoch alebo od spr\u00e1vcov budov sa \u010dasto po nieko\u013ek\u00fdch d\u0148och automaticky vyma\u017e\u00fa. \u017diadosti o zabezpe\u010denie d\u00e1t preto musia by\u0165 okam\u017eite podan\u00e9 prev\u00e1dzkovate\u013eom, pol\u00edcii alebo prokurat\u00fare. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dokumentujte prehliadky a zaistenia.<\/strong><br\/>Pri domov\u00fdch prehliadkach alebo zaisteniach by ste mali po\u017eadova\u0165 k\u00f3piu pr\u00edkazu alebo z\u00e1pisnice. Zaznamenajte d\u00e1tum, \u010das, z\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00e9 osoby a v\u0161etky odnesen\u00e9 predmety. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pri zatknut\u00ed: \u017eiadne vyjadrenia k veci.<\/strong><br\/>Trvajte na okam\u017eitom ozn\u00e1men\u00ed va\u0161ej obhajobe. Vy\u0161etrovacia v\u00e4zba smie by\u0165 ulo\u017een\u00e1 len pri d\u00f4vodnom podozren\u00ed z trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu a dodato\u010dnom d\u00f4vode v\u00e4zby. Miernej\u0161ie prostriedky (napr. s\u013eub, oznamovacia povinnos\u0165, z\u00e1kaz kontaktu) maj\u00fa prednos\u0165.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cielene pripravte n\u00e1pravu.<\/strong><br\/>Platby, symbolick\u00e9 plnenia, ospravedlnenia alebo in\u00e9 ponuky vyrovnania by sa mali vybavova\u0165 a dokladova\u0165 v\u00fdlu\u010dne prostredn\u00edctvom obhajoby. \u0160trukt\u00farovan\u00e1 n\u00e1prava m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 pozit\u00edvny vplyv na odklon a ur\u010denie trestu. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-peter-harlander\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/ph100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Peter Harlander<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eKto kon\u00e1 uv\u00e1\u017eene, zabezpe\u010duje d\u00f4kazy a v\u010das vyh\u013ead\u00e1 pr\u00e1vnu pomoc, udr\u017eiava kontrolu nad konan\u00edm.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ihre-vorteile-mit-anwaltlicher-unterstutzung\">Va\u0161e v\u00fdhody s pr\u00e1vnou podporou<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1ve pri <strong>z\u00e1va\u017enom podvode<\/strong> z\u00e1vis\u00ed pr\u00e1vne pos\u00fadenie podstatne od <strong>konkr\u00e9tneho obsahu podvodu<\/strong>, od <strong>omylu obete<\/strong>, od <strong>dispoz\u00edcie s majetkom<\/strong>, od <strong>vzniknutej \u0161kody<\/strong>, ako aj od toho, <strong>\u010di a v akej forme existuje kvalifikuj\u00faci znak<\/strong>. U\u017e <strong>mal\u00e9 odch\u00fdlky v skutkovom stave<\/strong> m\u00f4\u017eu rozhodn\u00fa\u0165 o tom, \u010di ide skuto\u010dne o z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod, len o <strong>jednoduch\u00fd podvod<\/strong>, o <strong>ob\u010dianskopr\u00e1vny spor<\/strong> alebo pre nedostatok podvodu, omylu, \u00famyslu alebo kvalifik\u00e1cie <strong>v\u00f4bec neexistuje trestnos\u0165<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>V\u010dasn\u00e1 pr\u00e1vna pomoc<\/strong> je pri obvinen\u00ed zo z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1, preto\u017ee tu hrozia <strong>zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 trestn\u00e9 sadzby<\/strong>, <strong>komplexn\u00e9 d\u00f4kazn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/strong> a \u010dasto aj <strong>ekonomicky zna\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky<\/strong>. Zabezpe\u010duje, aby bol skutkov\u00fd stav <strong>presne klasifikovan\u00fd<\/strong>, d\u00f4kazy <strong>kriticky pos\u00faden\u00e9<\/strong> a <strong>po\u013eah\u010duj\u00face okolnosti<\/strong> pr\u00e1vne spracovan\u00e9 tak, aby boli pou\u017eite\u013en\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Na\u0161a advok\u00e1tska kancel\u00e1ria<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>preveruje, \u010di skuto\u010dne ide o <strong>klamliv\u00e9 konanie nap\u013a\u0148aj\u00face skutkov\u00fa podstatu o skuto\u010dnostiach<\/strong>, alebo \u010di ide len o <strong>nez\u00e1v\u00e4zn\u00e9 vyhl\u00e1senia<\/strong>, <strong>odhady<\/strong>, <strong>zmluvn\u00e9 rokovania<\/strong> alebo <strong>obchodn\u00e9 rizik\u00e1<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>analyzuje <strong>d\u00f4kazn\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu<\/strong>, najm\u00e4 pokia\u013e ide o podvodn\u00e9 konanie, omyl, kauzalitu, dispoz\u00edciu s majetkom a majetkov\u00fa \u0161kodu, ako aj o <strong>kvalifikuj\u00face okolnosti pod\u013ea <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona<\/a><\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>objas\u0148uje, \u010di existoval <strong>protipr\u00e1vny \u00famysel obohati\u0165 sa<\/strong> a \u010di sa tento vz\u0165ahuje aj <strong>na kvalifik\u00e1ciu<\/strong>, alebo \u010di ide o <strong>konanie v dobrej viere<\/strong>, <strong>chybn\u00e9<\/strong> alebo len o <strong>ob\u010dianskopr\u00e1vne relevantn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>vyprac\u00fava <strong>jasn\u00fa obrann\u00fa strat\u00e9giu<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 pr\u00e1vne presne klasifikuje <strong>ekonomick\u00e9 pozadie<\/strong>, <strong>skuto\u010dn\u00fd priebeh<\/strong> a <strong>n\u00e1sledky pri ukladan\u00ed trestu<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Ako <strong>pr\u00e1vne zast\u00fapenie \u0161pecializovan\u00e9 na trestn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo<\/strong> zabezpe\u010dujeme, aby bolo obvinenie zo z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu <strong>starostlivo preveren\u00e9<\/strong>, <strong>nebolo un\u00e1hlene z\u00fa\u017een\u00e9<\/strong> a konanie veden\u00e9 na <strong>udr\u017eate\u013enom skutkovom a pr\u00e1vnom z\u00e1klade<\/strong>. Pr\u00e1ve pri vysok\u00fdch sum\u00e1ch \u0161k\u00f4d alebo kvalifikovan\u00fdch obvineniach z podvodu m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 <strong>v\u010dasn\u00e1 a podlo\u017een\u00e1 obhajoba<\/strong> rozhoduj\u00faca pre \u010fal\u0161\u00ed priebeh konania. <\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201ePr\u00e1vna pomoc znamen\u00e1 jasne oddeli\u0165 skuto\u010dn\u00e9 udalosti od hodnoten\u00ed a na ich z\u00e1klade vyvin\u00fa\u0165 spo\u013eahliv\u00fa obrann\u00fa strat\u00e9giu.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Bezplatn\u00e1 \u00favodn\u00e1 konzult\u00e1cia\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Vyberte si preferovan\u00fd term\u00edn:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Bezplatn\u00e1 \u00favodn\u00e1 konzult\u00e1cia<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-faq-haufig-gestellte-fragen\">\u010cast\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq uagb-faq__outer-wrap uagb-block-schwerer-betrug uagb-faq-icon-row uagb-faq-layout-accordion uagb-faq-expand-first-true uagb-faq-inactive-other-true uagb-faq__wrap uagb-buttons-layout-wrap uagb-faq-equal-height     \" data-faqtoggle=\"true\" role=\"tablist\"><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/harlander-partner.eu\\\/sk\\\/trestne-pravo\\\/zavazny-podvod\\\/\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Kedy ide o z\\u00e1va\\u017en\\u00fd podvod pod\\u013ea \\u00a7 147 Trestn\\u00e9ho z\\u00e1kona?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Z\\u00e1va\\u017en\\u00fd podvod nast\\u00e1va, ak s\\u00fa splnen\\u00e9 podmienky podvodu pod\\u013ea \\u00a7 146 Trestn\\u00e9ho z\\u00e1kona a navy\\u0161e sa prid\\u00e1 kvalifikuj\\u00faca okolnos\\u0165. Ide bu\\u010f o obzvl\\u00e1\\u0161\\u0165 z\\u00e1va\\u017en\\u00fd prostriedok podvodu, napr\\u00edklad falo\\u0161n\\u00fa alebo sfal\\u0161ovan\\u00fa listinu, alebo o z\\u00e1konom relevantn\\u00fd rozsah \\u0161kody. Rozhoduj\\u00face je, \\u017ee obe\\u0165 v d\\u00f4sledku podvodu sama vykon\\u00e1 majetkov\\u00fa dispoz\\u00edciu, ktor\\u00e1 jej sp\\u00f4sob\\u00ed \\u0161kodu, a t\\u00fdm vznikne majetkov\\u00e1 \\u0161koda. Okrem toho mus\\u00ed p\\u00e1chate\\u013e kona\\u0165 \\u00famyselne a chcie\\u0165 sa protipr\\u00e1vne obohati\\u0165.   \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Ak\\u00e9 hranice \\u0161kody s\\u00fa relevantn\\u00e9 pri z\\u00e1va\\u017enom podvode?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Pre kvalifik\\u00e1ciu hraj\\u00fa \\u00fastredn\\u00fa \\u00falohu z\\u00e1konn\\u00e9 hranice \\u0161kody, preto\\u017ee m\\u00f4\\u017eu v\\u00fdrazne zv\\u00fd\\u0161i\\u0165 trestn\\u00fa sadzbu. Typicky relevantn\\u00e9 je, \\u010di \\u0161koda presahuje 5 000,00 \\u20ac a \\u010di presahuje 300 000,00 \\u20ac. Rozhoduj\\u00faca je skuto\\u010dne vzniknut\\u00e1 majetkov\\u00e1 \\u0161koda, nie len tvrdenie alebo subjekt\\u00edvny pocit straty. Ak spolu s\\u00favis\\u00ed viacero \\u010diastkov\\u00fdch \\u00fakonov, m\\u00f4\\u017ee by\\u0165 pre pos\\u00fadenie \\u0161kody d\\u00f4le\\u017eit\\u00e9 aj celkov\\u00e9 pos\\u00fadenie.   \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Ktor\\u00e9 prostriedky podvodu ved\\u00fa obzvl\\u00e1\\u0161\\u0165 \\u010dasto ku kvalifik\\u00e1cii pod\\u013ea \\u00a7 147 Trestn\\u00e9ho z\\u00e1kona?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"\\u010cast\\u00fdmi kvalifikuj\\u00facimi prostriedkami s\\u00fa falo\\u0161n\\u00e9 alebo sfal\\u0161ovan\\u00e9 listiny, zneu\\u017eit\\u00e9 bezhotovostn\\u00e9 platobn\\u00e9 prostriedky, ako aj manipulovan\\u00e9 alebo odcudzen\\u00e9 \\u00fadaje. Kvalifik\\u00e1ciu m\\u00f4\\u017ee od\\u00f4vodni\\u0165 aj predstieranie \\u00faradn\\u00e9ho postavenia, teda falo\\u0161n\\u00e9 vyd\\u00e1vanie sa za \\u00faradn\\u00edka. Rozhoduj\\u00face je, \\u017ee prostriedok podvodu rob\\u00ed podvod pr\\u00e1vne a fakticky \\u201ez\\u00e1va\\u017enej\\u0161\\u00edm\\u201c a cielene ovplyv\\u0148uje majetkov\\u00e9 rozhodnutie obete. Samotn\\u00e9 preh\\u00e1\\u0148anie alebo nez\\u00e1v\\u00e4zn\\u00e9 chv\\u00e1ly na to spravidla nesta\\u010dia.   \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Ak\\u00fd je rozdiel medzi podvodom pod\\u013ea \\u00a7 146 Trestn\\u00e9ho z\\u00e1kona a z\\u00e1va\\u017en\\u00fdm podvodom pod\\u013ea \\u00a7 147 Trestn\\u00e9ho z\\u00e1kona?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Podvod pod\\u013ea \\u00a7 146 Trestn\\u00e9ho z\\u00e1kona je z\\u00e1kladn\\u00e1 skutkov\\u00e1 podstata a predpoklad\\u00e1 podvod, omyl, dispoz\\u00edciu s majetkom a \\u0161kodu. Z\\u00e1va\\u017en\\u00fd podvod pod\\u013ea \\u00a7 147 Trestn\\u00e9ho z\\u00e1kona na tom stavia a navy\\u0161e vy\\u017eaduje z\\u00e1konn\\u00fa kvalifik\\u00e1ciu, bu\\u010f prostredn\\u00edctvom kvalifikovan\\u00e9ho prostriedku podvodu, alebo prostredn\\u00edctvom relevantn\\u00e9ho rozsahu \\u0161kody. T\\u00fdm sa zvy\\u0161uje nielen protipr\\u00e1vnos\\u0165, ale typicky aj procesn\\u00e9 a trestn\\u00e9 rizik\\u00e1. Ak kvalifik\\u00e1cia nie je preuk\\u00e1zate\\u013en\\u00e1, m\\u00f4\\u017ee napriek tomu \\u00eds\\u0165 o jednoduch\\u00fd podvod, pokia\\u013e s\\u00fa splnen\\u00e9 z\\u00e1kladn\\u00e9 znaky.   \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Ktor\\u00e9 d\\u00f4kazy s\\u00fa obzvl\\u00e1\\u0161\\u0165 d\\u00f4le\\u017eit\\u00e9 v konaniach pre z\\u00e1va\\u017en\\u00fd podvod?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"V praxi s\\u00fa k\\u013e\\u00fa\\u010dov\\u00e9 d\\u00f4kazy o komunik\\u00e1cii, ako s\\u00fa spr\\u00e1vy, e-maily a z\\u00e1znamy rozhovorov, preto\\u017ee maj\\u00fa preuk\\u00e1za\\u0165 obsah podvodu a kauzalitu. Rovnako d\\u00f4le\\u017eit\\u00e9 s\\u00fa listiny, zmluvy, fakt\\u00fary a platobn\\u00e9 toky, preto\\u017ee robia dispoz\\u00edciu s majetkom a \\u0161kodu zrozumite\\u013en\\u00fdmi. Okrem toho s\\u00fa relevantn\\u00e9 svedeck\\u00e9 v\\u00fdpovede, najm\\u00e4 k ot\\u00e1zke, pre\\u010do obe\\u0165 konala a ak\\u00fd mala obraz o skuto\\u010dnostiach. \\u010c\\u00edm lep\\u0161ie je zdokumentovan\\u00e1 kauz\\u00e1lna re\\u0165az, t\\u00fdm udr\\u017eate\\u013enej\\u0161ie je obvinenie, a naopak, bez dokument\\u00e1cie \\u010dasto vznikaj\\u00fa zna\\u010dn\\u00e9 pochybnosti.   \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Je mo\\u017en\\u00e1 odklon pri z\\u00e1va\\u017enom podvode?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Odklon pri z\\u00e1va\\u017enom podvode nie je vyl\\u00fa\\u010den\\u00fd, ale v praxi je v\\u00fdrazne zriedkavej\\u0161\\u00ed ako pri jednoduchom podvode. Prich\\u00e1dza do \\u00favahy len vtedy, ak je celkov\\u00e1 vina n\\u00edzka a celkov\\u00fd obraz \\u010dinu e\\u0161te umo\\u017e\\u0148uje odklonn\\u00e9 vybavenie. Obzvl\\u00e1\\u0161\\u0165 d\\u00f4le\\u017eit\\u00e9 s\\u00fa pritom v\\u00fd\\u0161ka \\u0161kody, intenzita \\u010dinu, pr\\u00edpadn\\u00e9 opakovanie a to, \\u010di bola \\u0161koda v\\u010das a \\u00faplne nahraden\\u00e1. \\u010c\\u00edm vy\\u0161\\u0161ia je \\u0161koda alebo \\u010d\\u00edm pl\\u00e1novanej\\u0161\\u00ed je postup, t\\u00fdm nere\\u00e1lnej\\u0161\\u00ed sa st\\u00e1va odklon.   \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"\\u010co by som mal urobi\\u0165 ako prv\\u00e9 pri obvinen\\u00ed zo z\\u00e1va\\u017en\\u00e9ho podvodu?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Od za\\u010diatku by ste nemali pod\\u00e1va\\u0165 \\u017eiadne vyjadrenia k veci, k\\u00fdm nie je zn\\u00e1my stav spisu, preto\\u017ee neuv\\u00e1\\u017een\\u00e9 vyjadrenia sa nesk\\u00f4r daj\\u00fa len \\u0165a\\u017eko korigova\\u0165. Z\\u00e1rove\\u0148 by ste mali zabezpe\\u010di\\u0165 v\\u0161etky dokumenty a z\\u00e1znamy komunik\\u00e1cie, aby sa nestratili po\\u013eah\\u010duj\\u00face okolnosti. Rozhoduj\\u00face je v\\u010dasn\\u00e9 pr\\u00e1vne pos\\u00fadenie, preto\\u017ee u\\u017e mal\\u00e9 detaily m\\u00f4\\u017eu rozhodn\\u00fa\\u0165 o tom, \\u010di v\\u00f4bec ide o podvod, \\u010di je kvalifik\\u00e1cia pod\\u013ea \\u00a7 147 Trestn\\u00e9ho z\\u00e1kona udr\\u017eate\\u013en\\u00e1 alebo \\u010di ide o ob\\u010dianskopr\\u00e1vny spor. \\u0160trukt\\u00farovan\\u00e1 obrann\\u00e1 strat\\u00e9gia vznik\\u00e1 a\\u017e na z\\u00e1klade nahliadnutia do spisu a \\u010distej anal\\u00fdzy skutkov\\u00e9ho stavu.   \"}}]}<\/script><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-schwerer-betrug-q1 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Kedy ide o z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod pod\u013ea \u00a7 147 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod nast\u00e1va, ak s\u00fa splnen\u00e9 podmienky podvodu pod\u013ea \u00a7 146 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona a navy\u0161e sa prid\u00e1 kvalifikuj\u00faca okolnos\u0165. Ide bu\u010f o obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd prostriedok podvodu, napr\u00edklad falo\u0161n\u00fa alebo sfal\u0161ovan\u00fa listinu, alebo o z\u00e1konom relevantn\u00fd rozsah \u0161kody. Rozhoduj\u00face je, \u017ee obe\u0165 v d\u00f4sledku podvodu sama vykon\u00e1 majetkov\u00fa dispoz\u00edciu, ktor\u00e1 jej sp\u00f4sob\u00ed \u0161kodu, a t\u00fdm vznikne majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda. Okrem toho mus\u00ed p\u00e1chate\u013e kona\u0165 \u00famyselne a chcie\u0165 sa protipr\u00e1vne obohati\u0165.   <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-schwerer-betrug-q2 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Ak\u00e9 hranice \u0161kody s\u00fa relevantn\u00e9 pri z\u00e1va\u017enom podvode?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Pre kvalifik\u00e1ciu hraj\u00fa \u00fastredn\u00fa \u00falohu z\u00e1konn\u00e9 hranice \u0161kody, preto\u017ee m\u00f4\u017eu v\u00fdrazne zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 trestn\u00fa sadzbu. Typicky relevantn\u00e9 je, \u010di \u0161koda presahuje 5 000,00 \u20ac a \u010di presahuje 300 000,00 \u20ac. Rozhoduj\u00faca je skuto\u010dne vzniknut\u00e1 majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda, nie len tvrdenie alebo subjekt\u00edvny pocit straty. Ak spolu s\u00favis\u00ed viacero \u010diastkov\u00fdch \u00fakonov, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pre pos\u00fadenie \u0161kody d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 aj celkov\u00e9 pos\u00fadenie.   <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-schwerer-betrug-q3 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Ktor\u00e9 prostriedky podvodu ved\u00fa obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 \u010dasto ku kvalifik\u00e1cii pod\u013ea \u00a7 147 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>\u010cast\u00fdmi kvalifikuj\u00facimi prostriedkami s\u00fa falo\u0161n\u00e9 alebo sfal\u0161ovan\u00e9 listiny, zneu\u017eit\u00e9 bezhotovostn\u00e9 platobn\u00e9 prostriedky, ako aj manipulovan\u00e9 alebo odcudzen\u00e9 \u00fadaje. Kvalifik\u00e1ciu m\u00f4\u017ee od\u00f4vodni\u0165 aj predstieranie \u00faradn\u00e9ho postavenia, teda falo\u0161n\u00e9 vyd\u00e1vanie sa za \u00faradn\u00edka. Rozhoduj\u00face je, \u017ee prostriedok podvodu rob\u00ed podvod pr\u00e1vne a fakticky \u201ez\u00e1va\u017enej\u0161\u00edm\u201c a cielene ovplyv\u0148uje majetkov\u00e9 rozhodnutie obete. Samotn\u00e9 preh\u00e1\u0148anie alebo nez\u00e1v\u00e4zn\u00e9 chv\u00e1ly na to spravidla nesta\u010dia.   <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-schwerer-betrug-q4 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Ak\u00fd je rozdiel medzi podvodom pod\u013ea \u00a7 146 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona a z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm podvodom pod\u013ea \u00a7 147 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Podvod pod\u013ea \u00a7 146 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona je z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 skutkov\u00e1 podstata a predpoklad\u00e1 podvod, omyl, dispoz\u00edciu s majetkom a \u0161kodu. Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod pod\u013ea \u00a7 147 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona na tom stavia a navy\u0161e vy\u017eaduje z\u00e1konn\u00fa kvalifik\u00e1ciu, bu\u010f prostredn\u00edctvom kvalifikovan\u00e9ho prostriedku podvodu, alebo prostredn\u00edctvom relevantn\u00e9ho rozsahu \u0161kody. T\u00fdm sa zvy\u0161uje nielen protipr\u00e1vnos\u0165, ale typicky aj procesn\u00e9 a trestn\u00e9 rizik\u00e1. Ak kvalifik\u00e1cia nie je preuk\u00e1zate\u013en\u00e1, m\u00f4\u017ee napriek tomu \u00eds\u0165 o jednoduch\u00fd podvod, pokia\u013e s\u00fa splnen\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 znaky.   <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-schwerer-betrug-q5 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Ktor\u00e9 d\u00f4kazy s\u00fa obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 v konaniach pre z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>V praxi s\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 d\u00f4kazy o komunik\u00e1cii, ako s\u00fa spr\u00e1vy, e-maily a z\u00e1znamy rozhovorov, preto\u017ee maj\u00fa preuk\u00e1za\u0165 obsah podvodu a kauzalitu. Rovnako d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 s\u00fa listiny, zmluvy, fakt\u00fary a platobn\u00e9 toky, preto\u017ee robia dispoz\u00edciu s majetkom a \u0161kodu zrozumite\u013en\u00fdmi. Okrem toho s\u00fa relevantn\u00e9 svedeck\u00e9 v\u00fdpovede, najm\u00e4 k ot\u00e1zke, pre\u010do obe\u0165 konala a ak\u00fd mala obraz o skuto\u010dnostiach. \u010c\u00edm lep\u0161ie je zdokumentovan\u00e1 kauz\u00e1lna re\u0165az, t\u00fdm udr\u017eate\u013enej\u0161ie je obvinenie, a naopak, bez dokument\u00e1cie \u010dasto vznikaj\u00fa zna\u010dn\u00e9 pochybnosti.   <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-schwerer-betrug-q6 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Je mo\u017en\u00e1 odklon pri z\u00e1va\u017enom podvode?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Odklon pri z\u00e1va\u017enom podvode nie je vyl\u00fa\u010den\u00fd, ale v praxi je v\u00fdrazne zriedkavej\u0161\u00ed ako pri jednoduchom podvode. Prich\u00e1dza do \u00favahy len vtedy, ak je celkov\u00e1 vina n\u00edzka a celkov\u00fd obraz \u010dinu e\u0161te umo\u017e\u0148uje odklonn\u00e9 vybavenie. Obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 s\u00fa pritom v\u00fd\u0161ka \u0161kody, intenzita \u010dinu, pr\u00edpadn\u00e9 opakovanie a to, \u010di bola \u0161koda v\u010das a \u00faplne nahraden\u00e1. \u010c\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161ia je \u0161koda alebo \u010d\u00edm pl\u00e1novanej\u0161\u00ed je postup, t\u00fdm nere\u00e1lnej\u0161\u00ed sa st\u00e1va odklon.   <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-schwerer-betrug-q7 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">\u010co by som mal urobi\u0165 ako prv\u00e9 pri obvinen\u00ed zo z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Od za\u010diatku by ste nemali pod\u00e1va\u0165 \u017eiadne vyjadrenia k veci, k\u00fdm nie je zn\u00e1my stav spisu, preto\u017ee neuv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 vyjadrenia sa nesk\u00f4r daj\u00fa len \u0165a\u017eko korigova\u0165. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 by ste mali zabezpe\u010di\u0165 v\u0161etky dokumenty a z\u00e1znamy komunik\u00e1cie, aby sa nestratili po\u013eah\u010duj\u00face okolnosti. Rozhoduj\u00face je v\u010dasn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vne pos\u00fadenie, preto\u017ee u\u017e mal\u00e9 detaily m\u00f4\u017eu rozhodn\u00fa\u0165 o tom, \u010di v\u00f4bec ide o podvod, \u010di je kvalifik\u00e1cia pod\u013ea \u00a7 147 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e1 alebo \u010di ide o ob\u010dianskopr\u00e1vny spor. \u0160trukt\u00farovan\u00e1 obrann\u00e1 strat\u00e9gia vznik\u00e1 a\u017e na z\u00e1klade nahliadnutia do spisu a \u010distej anal\u00fdzy skutkov\u00e9ho stavu.   <\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Bezplatn\u00e1 \u00favodn\u00e1 konzult\u00e1cia\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Vyberte si preferovan\u00fd term\u00edn:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Bezplatn\u00e1 \u00favodn\u00e1 konzult\u00e1cia<\/span><\/a>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod pod\u013ea \u00a7 147 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona nast\u00e1va, ke\u010f p\u00e1chate\u013e napln\u00ed skutkov\u00fa podstatu podvodu pod\u013ea \u00a7 146 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona a \u010din je spr\u00edsnen\u00fd osobitn\u00fdmi prostriedkami klamania alebo kvalifikovan\u00fdm &#8230;","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":100864,"parent":41434,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[836],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-110595","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-trestne-pravo"],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7147-Schwerer-Betrug.webp",1920,1080,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7147-Schwerer-Betrug-100x100.webp",100,100,true],"medium":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7147-Schwerer-Betrug-800x450.webp",800,450,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7147-Schwerer-Betrug.webp",1920,1080,false],"large":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7147-Schwerer-Betrug.webp",1920,1080,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7147-Schwerer-Betrug.webp",1536,864,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7147-Schwerer-Betrug.webp",1920,1080,false],"336x":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7147-Schwerer-Betrug-336x189.webp",336,189,true],"352x":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7147-Schwerer-Betrug-352x198.webp",352,198,true],"woocommerce_thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7147-Schwerer-Betrug-300x300.webp",300,300,true],"woocommerce_single":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7147-Schwerer-Betrug-600x338.webp",600,338,true],"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7147-Schwerer-Betrug-100x100.webp",100,100,true],"yarpp-thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7147-Schwerer-Betrug-120x120.webp",120,120,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Simon Prem","author_link":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/author\/simon-prem\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod pod\u013ea \u00a7 147 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona nast\u00e1va, ke\u010f p\u00e1chate\u013e napln\u00ed skutkov\u00fa podstatu podvodu pod\u013ea \u00a7 146 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona a \u010din je spr\u00edsnen\u00fd osobitn\u00fdmi prostriedkami klamania alebo kvalifikovan\u00fdm ...","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/110595","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=110595"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/110595\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/41434"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/100864"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=110595"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=110595"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=110595"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}