{"id":96685,"date":"2025-12-09T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-12-09T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/drept-penal\/calomnie\/"},"modified":"2025-12-09T10:09:56","modified_gmt":"2025-12-09T09:09:56","slug":"calomnie","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/drept-penal\/calomnie\/","title":{"rendered":"Calomnie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Calomnie<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-uble-nachrede\" data-level=\"2\">Calomnie<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-objektiver-tatbestand\" data-level=\"2\">Situa\u021bia de fapt obiectiv\u0103<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-prufungsschritte\" data-level=\"3\">Pa\u0219i de verificare<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-abgrenzung-zu-anderen-delikten\" data-level=\"2\">Delimitarea de alte infrac\u021biuni<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-konkurrenzen\" data-level=\"3\">Concuren\u021be:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-beweislast-amp-beweiswurdigung\" data-level=\"2\">Sarcina probei \u0219i aprecierea probelor<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-staatsanwaltschaft\" data-level=\"3\">Parchet:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-gericht\" data-level=\"3\">Instan\u021b\u0103:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-beschuldigte-person\" data-level=\"3\">Persoan\u0103 acuzat\u0103:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-praxisbeispiele\" data-level=\"2\">Exemple practice<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-subjektiver-tatbestand\" data-level=\"2\">Situa\u021bia de fapt subiectiv\u0103<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-schuld-amp-irrtumer\" data-level=\"2\">Vinov\u0103\u021bie \u0219i erori<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-strafaufhebung-amp-diversion\" data-level=\"2\">Anularea pedepsei \u0219i abaterea<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-diversion\" data-level=\"3\">Diversiunea:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-ausschluss-der-diversion\" data-level=\"3\">Excluderea diversific\u0103rii:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-strafzumessung-amp-folgen\" data-level=\"2\">Stabilirea pedepsei \u0219i consecin\u021be<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-erschwerungsgrunde-bestehen-insbesondere-wenn\" data-level=\"3\">Motivele agravante exist\u0103 \u00een special dac\u0103<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-milderungsgrunde-sind-etwa\" data-level=\"3\">Motivele atenuante sunt, de exemplu<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-strafrahmen\" data-level=\"2\">Limitele pedepsei<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-bedeutung-des-wahrheitsbeweises\" data-level=\"3\">Semnifica\u021bia probei veridicit\u0103\u021bii<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-privatanklagedelikt\" data-level=\"3\">Delict de acuzare privat\u0103<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-geldstrafe-tagessatzsystem\" data-level=\"2\">Amenda \u2013 sistemul de cote zilnice<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-freiheitsstrafe-amp-teil-bedingte-nachsicht\" data-level=\"2\">Pedeapsa cu \u00eenchisoarea \u0219i clemen\u021b\u0103 (par\u021bial) condi\u021bionat\u0103<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-zustandigkeit-der-gerichte\" data-level=\"2\">Competen\u021ba instan\u021belor<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-sachliche-zustandigkeit\" data-level=\"3\">Competen\u021ba material\u0103<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-ortliche-zustandigkeit\" data-level=\"3\">Competen\u021ba teritorial\u0103<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-instanzenzug\" data-level=\"3\">Calea de atac<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-zivilanspruche-im-strafverfahren\" data-level=\"2\">Preten\u021bii civile \u00een cadrul procesului penal<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-strafverfahren-im-uberblick\" data-level=\"2\">Procesul penal pe scurt<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-ermittlungsbeginn\" data-level=\"3\">\u00cenceputul anchetei<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-polizei-und-staatsanwaltschaft\" data-level=\"3\">Poli\u021bia \u0219i Parchetul<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-beschuldigtenvernehmung\" data-level=\"3\">Audierea inculpatului<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-akteneinsicht\" data-level=\"3\">Inspectarea dosarului<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-hauptverhandlung\" data-level=\"3\">Procesul principal<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-beschuldigtenrechte\" data-level=\"2\">Drepturile inculpatului<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-praxis-amp-verhaltenstipps\" data-level=\"2\">Practic\u0103 \u0219i sfaturi de comportament<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-ihre-vorteile-mit-anwaltlicher-unterstutzung\" data-level=\"2\">Avantajele dumneavoastr\u0103 cu asisten\u021b\u0103 juridic\u0103<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-faq-haufig-gestellte-fragen\" data-level=\"2\">\u00centreb\u0103ri frecvente<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-uble-nachrede\">Calomnie<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Calomnia conform <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=111&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 111 StGB<\/a><\/strong> exist\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd cineva atribuie unei alte persoane, \u00eentr-un mod perceptibil pentru ter\u021bi, <strong>o tr\u0103s\u0103tur\u0103 sau o mentalitate dispre\u021buitoare<\/strong> sau \u00eei <strong>repro\u0219eaz\u0103 un comportament necinstitor sau care \u00eencalc\u0103 bunele moravuri<\/strong>, care este de natur\u0103 s\u0103 o fac\u0103 <strong>dispre\u021buit\u0103 sau \u00eenjosit\u0103<\/strong> \u00een opinia public\u0103. Este vorba despre <strong>atacuri la adresa reputa\u021biei bune<\/strong>, de exemplu prin <strong>zvonuri<\/strong>, <strong>atribuiri depreciative<\/strong> sau <strong>acuza\u021bii publice<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Legea <strong>protejeaz\u0103<\/strong> <strong>reputa\u021bia social\u0103<\/strong> a unei persoane \u0219i, prin urmare, <strong>validitatea sa social\u0103<\/strong>. Incriminarea <strong>nu se bazeaz\u0103<\/strong> pe o ofens\u0103 subiectiv\u0103, ci pe <strong>adecvarea obiectiv\u0103<\/strong> a declara\u021biei de a <strong>prejudicia<\/strong> reputa\u021bia unei persoane. Relevante din punct de vedere practic sunt, mai presus de toate, <strong>re\u021belele sociale<\/strong>, <strong>grupurile WhatsApp<\/strong>, <strong>e-mailurile<\/strong> \u0219i <strong>canalele de comunicare interne<\/strong>, \u00een care declara\u021biile se <strong>r\u0103sp\u00e2ndesc<\/strong> deosebit de repede.  <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-f014c6a5 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-60e61cc5\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Calomnia \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 despre o persoan\u0103 se spune un presupus fapt care este de natur\u0103 s\u0103-i prejudicieze reputa\u021bia. Prin urmare, este vorba despre faptul c\u0103 cineva afirm\u0103 ceva despre o alt\u0103 persoan\u0103, ceea ce o face s\u0103 arate mai r\u0103u \u00een public, indiferent dac\u0103, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, este adev\u0103rat sau nu. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-613eb3e6\"><picture>\n\t\t<source srcset=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7111-Ueble-Nachrede-352x198.webp\" >\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-picture-small\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7111-Ueble-Nachrede.webp\" alt=\"Calomnia \u00een Austria explicat\u0103. C\u00e2nd afirma\u021biile de fapt sunt incriminate \u0219i cum v\u0103 pute\u021bi ap\u0103ra \u00eempotriva def\u0103im\u0103rii conform \u00a7 111 StGB.\" >\n\t<\/picture>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eCine r\u0103sp\u00e2nde\u0219te fapte, poart\u0103 responsabilitatea pentru modul \u00een care acestea ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u0219i pentru consecin\u021bele pe care le declan\u0219eaz\u0103.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-objektiver-tatbestand\">Situa\u021bia de fapt obiectiv\u0103<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Elementul obiectiv al <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=111&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 111 StGB<\/a> acoper\u0103 orice <strong>afirma\u021bie de fapt care aduce atingere onoarei<\/strong>, pe care cineva o <strong>exprim\u0103<\/strong> fa\u021b\u0103 de cel pu\u021bin o a treia persoan\u0103 \u0219i care poate <strong>prejudicia<\/strong> reputa\u021bia persoanei afectate. Nu conteaz\u0103 dac\u0103 declara\u021bia este f\u0103cut\u0103 \u00eentr-un mod prietenos, \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103tor sau \u00eentr-o disput\u0103. Decisiv este faptul c\u0103 con\u021binutul este <strong>obiectiv adecvat<\/strong> pentru a <strong>afecta<\/strong> pozi\u021bia social\u0103 sau reputa\u021bia persoanei afectate. Elementul <strong>protejeaz\u0103 dreptul fiec\u0103rei persoane<\/strong> de a nu fi <strong>\u00eenjosit\u0103<\/strong> \u00een public prin prezent\u0103ri de fapte false sau neclare.    <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O declara\u021bie \u00eendepline\u0219te elementul obiectiv, de \u00eendat\u0103 ce con\u021bine un <strong>nucleu de fapt<\/strong>, este <strong>perceput\u0103 de ter\u021bi<\/strong> \u0219i poate declan\u0219a \u00een mod obiectiv <strong>dezavantaje specifice reputa\u021biei<\/strong>. Dac\u0103 declara\u021bia este adev\u0103rat\u0103 sau nu, instan\u021ba o evalueaz\u0103 abia \u00een cadrul <strong>probei veridicit\u0103\u021bii conform \u00a7 112 StGB<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-prufungsschritte\">Pa\u0219i de verificare<\/h3>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tatsubjekt\">Subiectul activ:<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Autor poate fi orice persoan\u0103 care exprim\u0103 sau transmite o afirma\u021bie de fapt care aduce atingere onoarei. Nu conteaz\u0103 dac\u0103 acest lucru se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u00een mediul privat, \u00een cadrul companiei, \u00eentr-un grup WhatsApp sau \u00een public. Decisiv este doar faptul c\u0103 declara\u021bia <strong>provine de la aceast\u0103 persoan\u0103<\/strong> \u0219i <strong>devine recognoscibil\u0103 pentru ter\u021bi<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tatobjekt\">Obiectul faptei:<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Obiectul infrac\u021biunii <strong>constituie<\/strong> orice persoan\u0103 determinat\u0103 sau cel pu\u021bin clar recognoscibil\u0103, despre care cineva <strong>face<\/strong> o afirma\u021bie de fapt. Este suficient ca ter\u021bii s\u0103 <strong>recunoasc\u0103<\/strong> pe cine vizeaz\u0103 declara\u021bia. Elementul <strong>protejeaz\u0103<\/strong> reputa\u021bia bun\u0103 a unei persoane.  <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tathandlung\">Ac\u021biunea incriminat\u0103:  <\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ac\u021biunea infrac\u021bional\u0103 const\u0103 \u00eentr-o <strong>afirma\u021bie de fapt<\/strong> cu caracter ofensator. Aceasta include toate declara\u021biile cu con\u021binut verificabil, \u00een special acuza\u021biile c\u0103 cineva s-a comportat <strong>penal<\/strong>, <strong>imoral<\/strong>, <strong>nesigur<\/strong> sau altfel dezaprobat social. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O declara\u021bie \u00eendepline\u0219te elementul, dac\u0103:<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 este f\u0103cut\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de cel pu\u021bin o a treia persoan\u0103,<br\/>\u2022 con\u021bine un <strong>nucleu de fapt care aduce atingere onoarei<\/strong>,<br\/>\u2022 este <strong>obiectiv prejudiciabil\u0103 reputa\u021biei<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Important: Chiar \u0219i <strong>r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea unui zvon<\/strong> este conform\u0103 cu elementul, dac\u0103 autorul \u00ee\u0219i \u00eensu\u0219e\u0219te \u00een mod recognoscibil afirma\u021bia. Judec\u0103\u021bile de valoare pot fi, de asemenea, acoperite, dac\u0103 con\u021bin <strong>un nucleu de fapt transportat<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-taterfolg\">Rezultatul faptei:<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rezultatul infrac\u021biunii const\u0103 \u00een <strong>periclitarea reputa\u021biei<\/strong>. Nu este necesar un prejudiciu efectiv. Este suficient ca declara\u021bia s\u0103 fie adecvat\u0103, conform standardelor obiective, pentru a face ca persoana afectat\u0103 s\u0103 arate mai r\u0103u \u00een opinia public\u0103.  <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-kausalitat\">Cauzalitate:<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Declara\u021bia care aduce atingere onoarei <strong>cauzeaz\u0103<\/strong> periclitarea reputa\u021biei. F\u0103r\u0103 declara\u021bie, pericolul concret nu <strong>ar exista<\/strong> \u00een aceast\u0103 form\u0103. Chiar \u0219i redirec\u021bion\u0103rile sau amplific\u0103rile <strong>contribuie<\/strong> la cauzalitate, dac\u0103 <strong>dau na\u0219tere<\/strong> sau <strong>m\u0103resc<\/strong> periclitarea reputa\u021biei.  <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-objektive-zurechnung\">Atribuire obiectiv\u0103:  <\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rezultatul este imputabil \u00een mod obiectiv, dac\u0103 \u00een periclitarea reputa\u021biei se realizeaz\u0103 exact riscul pe care <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=111&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 111 StGB<\/a> vrea s\u0103-l previn\u0103, \u0219i anume <strong>prejudicierea nejustificat\u0103 a reputa\u021biei sociale<\/strong>. Nu exist\u0103 nicio imputare, dac\u0103 ter\u021bii denatureaz\u0103 \u00een mod arbitrar o declara\u021bie neutr\u0103 \u0219i autorul ini\u021bial <strong>nu trebuia s\u0103 se a\u0219tepte la aceast\u0103 denaturare grav\u0103 a sensului<\/strong>. <\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-peter-harlander\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/ph100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Peter Harlander<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eDef\u0103imarea \u00eencepe rar cu un atac mare, ci mai ales cu o afirma\u021bie nes\u0103buit\u0103\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Consulta\u021bie ini\u021bial\u0103 gratuit\u0103\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Alege\u021bi acum data dorit\u0103:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Consulta\u021bie ini\u021bial\u0103 gratuit\u0103<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-abgrenzung-zu-anderen-delikten\">Delimitarea de alte infrac\u021biuni<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Elementul calomniei <strong>\u00eencepe<\/strong> de \u00eendat\u0103 ce cineva <strong>exprim\u0103<\/strong> o afirma\u021bie de fapt care aduce atingere onoarei fa\u021b\u0103 de ter\u021bi \u0219i, prin urmare, <strong>pericliteaz\u0103<\/strong> reputa\u021bia unei anumite persoane. Autorul <strong>afecteaz\u0103<\/strong> reputa\u021bia social\u0103 a persoanei afectate, <strong>r\u0103sp\u00e2ndind<\/strong> o prezentare de fapt care este de natur\u0103 s\u0103 reduc\u0103 pozi\u021bia social\u0103 a acesteia. Injusti\u021bia <strong>apare<\/strong>, deoarece autorul <strong>afirm\u0103 sau transmite<\/strong> un nucleu de fapt care prejudiciaz\u0103 reputa\u021bia, pe care ter\u021bii \u00eel pot percepe, \u0219i nu pe baza unei simple exprim\u0103ri a opiniei. Decisiv este faptul c\u0103 autorul <strong>\u00eencalc\u0103 preten\u021bia de validitate social\u0103<\/strong> a persoanei afectate, chiar dac\u0103 declara\u021bia nu este formulat\u0103 grosolan sau cade \u00eentr-o conversa\u021bie de zi cu zi.   <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/drept-penal\/vatamare-corporala\/\">\u00a7 115 StGB \u2013 Insulta:<\/a><\/strong> Insulta se bazeaz\u0103 pe o <strong>ofens\u0103 de evaluare<\/strong>, adic\u0103 pe simple judec\u0103\u021bi de valoare \u0219i insulte, care nu con\u021bin niciun nucleu de fapt. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=111&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 111 StGB<\/a> acoper\u0103, \u00een schimb, afirma\u021biile de fapt, care pot fi, \u00een principiu, adev\u0103rate sau false. Delimitarea se face \u00een func\u021bie de <strong>caracterul declara\u021biei<\/strong>: \u00cen timp ce \u00a7 115 StGB se refer\u0103 la onoarea personal\u0103 ca sfer\u0103 de sentimente, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=111&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 111 StGB<\/a> protejeaz\u0103 <strong>reputa\u021bia social\u0103<\/strong>. Ambele delicte pot coexista, dac\u0103 o afirma\u021bie de fapt care aduce atingere onoarei este combinat\u0103 cu judec\u0103\u021bi de valoare insult\u0103toare.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/drept-penal\/hartuire-continua-prin-intermediul-unei-telecomunicatii-sau-al-unui-sistem-informatic\/\">\u00a7 107c StGB \u2013 H\u0103r\u021buirea continu\u0103:<\/a><\/strong> H\u0103r\u021buirea continu\u0103 protejeaz\u0103 libertatea de a tr\u0103i prin influen\u021be digitale \u0219i mediatice continue. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=111&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 111 StGB<\/a> trebuie evaluat separat de aceasta, deoarece se refer\u0103 doar la <strong>reputa\u021bia social\u0103<\/strong>. Ambele delicte pot coincide, dac\u0103 declara\u021biile repetate sau r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite \u00een mas\u0103 ale unei persoane prejudiciaz\u0103 \u00een acela\u0219i timp reputa\u021bia \u0219i afecteaz\u0103 modul de via\u021b\u0103. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-konkurrenzen\">Concuren\u021be:<\/h3>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-echte-konkurrenz\">Concuren\u021b\u0103 real\u0103: <\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Concuren\u021ba real\u0103 exist\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd la calomnie se adaug\u0103 alte delicte independente, cum ar fi insulta, calomnia, amenin\u021barea periculoas\u0103, constr\u00e2ngerea sau h\u0103r\u021buirea continu\u0103. Aceste elemente nu sunt \u00eenlocuite, deoarece <strong>afectarea reputa\u021biei<\/strong> constituie un con\u021binut independent de injusti\u021bie. Dac\u0103, ca urmare a declara\u021biilor, apar alte \u00eenc\u0103lc\u0103ri ale bunurilor juridice, delictele coexist\u0103 \u00een mod regulat.  <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-unechte-konkurrenz\">Concuren\u021b\u0103 fals\u0103:<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O \u00eenlocuire pe baza specialit\u0103\u021bii este luat\u0103 \u00een considerare doar dac\u0103 un alt element acoper\u0103 complet \u00eentreaga injusti\u021bie. Acesta este, de obicei, cazul <strong>calomniei<\/strong>, dac\u0103 afirma\u021bia de fapt con\u0219tient fals\u0103 vizeaz\u0103 exclusiv ini\u021bierea unei proceduri. Invers, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=111&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 111 StGB<\/a> \u00eensu\u0219i dezvolt\u0103 specialitate, dac\u0103 doar <strong>periclitarea specific\u0103 reputa\u021biei<\/strong> este \u00een prim-plan \u0219i nu exist\u0103 alte \u00eenc\u0103lc\u0103ri ale bunurilor juridice.  <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tatmehrheit\">Pluralitate de fapte: <\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Multiplicitatea infrac\u021biunilor exist\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd mai multe declara\u021bii care prejudiciaz\u0103 reputa\u021bia sunt <strong>exprimate sau r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite independent unele de altele<\/strong> sau diferite procese de comunicare au loc separat \u00een timp. Fiecare declara\u021bie independent\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de un nou grup de destinatari constituie o infrac\u021biune proprie, cu condi\u021bia s\u0103 nu existe o unitate natural\u0103 de ac\u021biune. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-fortgesetzte-handlung\">Ac\u021biune continuat\u0103: <\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O infrac\u021biune unitar\u0103 trebuie presupus\u0103 dac\u0103 <strong>afirma\u021biile de fapt continue care aduc atingere onoarei<\/strong> \u00eempotriva aceleia\u0219i persoane sunt \u00eentr-o str\u00e2ns\u0103 leg\u0103tur\u0103 temporal\u0103 \u0219i factual\u0103, cum ar fi o serie de declara\u021bii similare \u00eentr-un conflict continuu. Infrac\u021biunea se termin\u0103 de \u00eendat\u0103 ce nu mai sunt f\u0103cute alte declara\u021bii sau autorul \u00ee\u0219i \u00eencheie \u00een mod recognoscibil participarea la evenimentul de comunicare. <\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eCuvintele dezvolt\u0103 efect juridic de \u00eendat\u0103 ce ajung la ter\u021bi \u0219i le modeleaz\u0103 imaginea despre o persoan\u0103.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-beweislast-amp-beweiswurdigung\">Sarcina probei \u0219i aprecierea probelor<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-staatsanwaltschaft\">Parchet: <\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen cazul <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=111&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 111 StGB<\/a>, parchetul este competent doar dac\u0103 se presupune un interes public special sau dac\u0103 calomnia este \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu alte delicte oficiale. \u00cen m\u0103sura \u00een care este activ, trebuie s\u0103 demonstreze c\u0103 acuzatul a <strong>exprimat sau r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit o afirma\u021bie de fapt care aduce atingere onoarei<\/strong> fa\u021b\u0103 de ter\u021bi \u0219i c\u0103 aceast\u0103 declara\u021bie <strong>a fost obiectiv adecvat\u0103 pentru a afecta reputa\u021bia persoanei afectate<\/strong>. Nu este vorba despre sentimente personale sau judec\u0103\u021bi de valoare, ci despre circumstan\u021ba obiectiv\u0103 c\u0103 a fost f\u0103cut\u0103 o afirma\u021bie de fapt care prejudiciaz\u0103 reputa\u021bia \u0219i a putut fi perceput\u0103 de cel pu\u021bin o a treia persoan\u0103.  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00cen special, trebuie demonstrat c\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>o <strong>afirma\u021bie de fapt concret\u0103<\/strong> a fost efectiv exprimat\u0103,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>aceast\u0103 afirma\u021bie a fost f\u0103cut\u0103 perceptibil\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de ter\u021bi,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ea este <strong>obiectiv prejudiciabil\u0103 reputa\u021biei<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>declara\u021bia este <strong>imputabil\u0103<\/strong> acuzatului.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Parchetul trebuie, de asemenea, s\u0103 prezinte dac\u0103 declara\u021bia, \u00een contextul r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirii sale, dezvolt\u0103 un caracter care prejudiciaz\u0103 reputa\u021bia sau dac\u0103 exist\u0103 indicii c\u0103 acuzatul a afirmat, \u00een mod con\u0219tient sau din neglijen\u021b\u0103, un nucleu de fapt care a fost adecvat pentru a reduce reputa\u021bia persoanei afectate.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-gericht\">Instan\u021b\u0103: <\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instan\u021ba examineaz\u0103 toate probele \u00een contextul general \u0219i evalueaz\u0103 dac\u0103, conform standardelor obiective, a fost f\u0103cut\u0103 o <strong>afirma\u021bie de fapt care aduce atingere onoarei<\/strong> \u0219i a fost perceput\u0103 de ter\u021bi. \u00cen centrul aten\u021biei se afl\u0103 \u00eentrebarea dac\u0103 a fost afirmat un fapt verificabil \u0219i dac\u0103 acesta, prin con\u021binutul, formularea \u0219i contextul s\u0103u, a fost adecvat pentru a afecta reputa\u021bia social\u0103 a persoanei afectate. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen acest sens, instan\u021ba ia \u00een considerare \u00een special:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>textul exact<\/strong> al declara\u021biei,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>contextul de comunicare<\/strong> \u00een care a fost f\u0103cut\u0103,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>dac\u0103 persoana afectat\u0103 a fost identificabil\u0103 \u00een mod clar,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>dac\u0103 afirma\u021bia a fost prezentat\u0103 ca un fapt sau doar ca o judecat\u0103 de valoare,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>dac\u0103 \u0219i \u00een ce m\u0103sur\u0103 ter\u021bii au dob\u00e2ndit cuno\u0219tin\u021be efective,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ce acoperire \u0219i efect a avut declara\u021bia \u00een mediul social.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instan\u021ba face o distinc\u021bie clar\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de simplele exprim\u0103ri ale opiniei f\u0103r\u0103 nucleu de fapt, fa\u021b\u0103 de disputele de evaluare din via\u021ba de zi cu zi \u0219i fa\u021b\u0103 de ne\u00een\u021belegerile \u00een care con\u021binutul declara\u021biei a fost recognoscibil neclar sau nu a prejudiciat reputa\u021bia pentru persoanele din afar\u0103.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-beschuldigte-person\">Persoan\u0103 acuzat\u0103: <\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Persoana acuzat\u0103 nu are nicio sarcin\u0103 a probei. Cu toate acestea, ea poate indica \u00eendoieli \u00eentemeiate, \u00een special cu privire la <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00eentrebarea dac\u0103 <strong>a fost efectiv exprimat\u0103 o afirma\u021bie de fapt<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>dac\u0103 declara\u021bia a fost perceput\u0103 de ter\u021bi,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>dac\u0103 declara\u021bia a fost deloc ofensatoare sau relevant\u0103 pentru reputa\u021bie,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>dac\u0103 declara\u021bia trebuie \u00een\u021beleas\u0103 ca o simpl\u0103 judecat\u0103 de valoare,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Contradic\u021bii sau dovezi lips\u0103 \u00een prezentarea acuzatorului privat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ea poate, de asemenea, s\u0103 demonstreze c\u0103 anumite declara\u021bii au fost scoase din context, c\u0103 au fost formulate \u00een mod recognoscibil ca opinie sau critic\u0103 sau c\u0103 s-au bazat pe surse acceptate cu bun\u0103-credin\u021b\u0103, cu condi\u021bia ca proba veridicit\u0103\u021bii sau a bunei-credin\u021be conform \u00a7 112 StGB s\u0103 fie admisibil\u0103.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-typische-bewertung\">Evaluare tipic\u0103<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen practic\u0103, \u00een cazul <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=111&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 111 StGB<\/a>, sunt importante mai ales urm\u0103toarele probe:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>istoricuri de chat securizate, mesaje, e-mailuri sau post\u0103ri pe re\u021belele sociale,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>declara\u021bii ale persoanelor care au perceput declara\u021bia,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>dovezi privind acoperirea efectiv\u0103 sau r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea ulterioar\u0103 a declara\u021biei,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>documenta\u021bii privind contextul, cum ar fi evolu\u021bia conflictelor sau leg\u0103turile profesionale,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>dovezi privind dac\u0103 declara\u021bia a fost \u00een\u021beleas\u0103 ca un fapt sau ca o opinie,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>cronologii care arat\u0103 c\u00e2nd, unde \u0219i \u00een ce mediu a fost f\u0103cut\u0103 declara\u021bia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-peter-harlander\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/ph100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Peter Harlander<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201e\u00cen procedurile penale, nu acuza\u021bia cea mai puternic\u0103 decide, ci baza factual\u0103 probabil\u0103.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Consulta\u021bie ini\u021bial\u0103 gratuit\u0103\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Alege\u021bi acum data dorit\u0103:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Consulta\u021bie ini\u021bial\u0103 gratuit\u0103<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-praxisbeispiele\">Exemple practice<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Afirma\u021bie de fapt care prejudiciaz\u0103 reputa\u021bia \u00een cazul unei presupuse inofensivit\u0103\u021bi:<\/strong> Autorul r\u0103sp\u00e2nde\u0219te \u00eentr-un grup WhatsApp afirma\u021bia c\u0103 un coleg a sustras proprietatea companiei. El presupune \u00een mod eronat c\u0103 \u201eoricum toat\u0103 lumea \u0219tie\u201d c\u0103 este doar un zvon \u0219i nimeni nu ia declara\u021bia \u00een serios. Persoana afectat\u0103 nu a <strong>consim\u021bit niciodat\u0103<\/strong> ca astfel de afirma\u021bii s\u0103 fie transmise mai departe, iar autorul nu a verificat nici dac\u0103 acuza\u021bia este corect\u0103. Mai mul\u021bi membri ai grupului percep declara\u021bia <strong>ca un fapt<\/strong> \u0219i \u00eencep s\u0103 evite persoana afectat\u0103. Lipsa bazei factuale \u0219i transmiterea c\u0103tre ter\u021bi duc la o <strong>periclitare clar recognoscibil\u0103 a reputa\u021biei sociale<\/strong>.    <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Def\u0103imare din cauza unei obliga\u021bii de informare presupuse \u00een mod fals:<\/strong> Pe o anumit\u0103 perioad\u0103 de timp, autorul presupune \u00een mod repetat c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 informeze al\u021bi angaja\u021bi despre presupusele \u201eanomalii\u201d ale unui coleg, de\u0219i nu exist\u0103 <strong>cuno\u0219tin\u021be sigure<\/strong>. El afirm\u0103 de mai multe ori c\u0103 persoana afectat\u0103 a consiliat gre\u0219it clien\u021bii sau a \u00eenc\u0103lcat reglement\u0103rile interne. Obiectiv, nu exist\u0103 dovezi sau suspiciuni concrete; situa\u021bia ar fi permis o <strong>clarificare neutr\u0103<\/strong>. Persoana afectat\u0103 nu \u00ee\u0219i poate proteja reputa\u021bia profesional\u0103, deoarece declara\u021biile au fost deja r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite. \u00cen ciuda indica\u021biilor c\u0103 afirma\u021biile sale sunt nefondate, autorul insist\u0103 asupra lor \u0219i le repet\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de alte persoane. Acest lucru creeaz\u0103 o <strong>periclitare continu\u0103 a reputa\u021biei f\u0103r\u0103 o baz\u0103 factual\u0103<\/strong>.     <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aceste exemple arat\u0103 c\u0103 exist\u0103 calomnie, dac\u0103 <strong>fapte care aduc atingere onoarei sunt exprimate sau r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite fa\u021b\u0103 de ter\u021bi<\/strong>, de\u0219i nu sunt nici verificate, nici justificate \u0219i sunt obiectiv adecvate pentru a afecta reputa\u021bia persoanei afectate.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-subjektiver-tatbestand\">Situa\u021bia de fapt subiectiv\u0103<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Elementul subiectiv al calomniei necesit\u0103 <strong>inten\u021bie<\/strong>. Autorul trebuie s\u0103 \u0219tie c\u0103 <strong>exprim\u0103 sau r\u0103sp\u00e2nde\u0219te o afirma\u021bie de fapt care aduce atingere onoarei<\/strong> despre o anumit\u0103 persoan\u0103 \u0219i c\u0103 aceast\u0103 declara\u021bie este obiectiv adecvat\u0103 pentru a afecta <strong>reputa\u021bia social\u0103<\/strong> a persoanei afectate. \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, el trebuie s\u0103 accepte cel pu\u021bin tacit c\u0103 ter\u021bii percep declara\u021bia \u0219i o \u00een\u021beleg ca o prezentare de fapt.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prin urmare, autorul trebuie s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 c\u0103 comportamentul s\u0103u \u00een imaginea de ansamblu justific\u0103 o <strong>afectare specific\u0103 reputa\u021biei<\/strong> \u0219i este de obicei adecvat pentru a afecta pozi\u021bia social\u0103 a persoanei afectate. Decisiv este faptul c\u0103 afirma\u021bia de fapt este exprimat\u0103 sau transmis\u0103 \u00een mod con\u0219tient; <strong>simpla neglijen\u021b\u0103 nu este suficient\u0103<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nu exist\u0103 niciun element subiectiv, dac\u0103 autorul crede cu sinceritate c\u0103 declara\u021bia sa este <strong>adev\u0103rat\u0103<\/strong> sau c\u0103 nu este <strong>un nucleu de fapt care aduce atingere onoarei<\/strong>, ci doar o judecat\u0103 de valoare sau o comunicare neutr\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 caracter care prejudiciaz\u0103 reputa\u021bia. Cine presupune c\u0103 ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 legal sau nu recunoa\u0219te c\u0103 declara\u021bia sa poate fi \u00een\u021beleas\u0103 ca o afirma\u021bie de fapt, nu \u00eendepline\u0219te cerin\u021bele <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=111&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 111 StGB<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen cele din urm\u0103, ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu inten\u021bie cine \u0219tie \u0219i vizeaz\u0103 \u00een mod con\u0219tient <strong>s\u0103 fac\u0103 o afirma\u021bie de fapt care prejudiciaz\u0103 reputa\u021bia fa\u021b\u0103 de ter\u021bi<\/strong> \u0219i, prin urmare, afecteaz\u0103 reputa\u021bia persoanei afectate \u00een mediul social.<\/p>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Consulta\u021bie ini\u021bial\u0103 gratuit\u0103\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Alege\u021bi acum data dorit\u0103:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Consulta\u021bie ini\u021bial\u0103 gratuit\u0103<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-schuld-amp-irrtumer\">Vinov\u0103\u021bie \u0219i erori<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/drept-penal\/eroare-de-drept\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Eroare de interdic\u021bie<\/a>:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O eroare de interdic\u021bie scuz\u0103 doar dac\u0103 a fost <strong>inevitabil\u0103<\/strong>. Cine stabile\u0219te un comportament care <strong>intervine \u00een mod recognoscibil \u00een drepturile altora<\/strong>, nu se poate prevala de faptul c\u0103 nu a recunoscut ilegalitatea. Fiecare este obligat s\u0103 se informeze cu privire la <strong>limitele legale<\/strong> ale ac\u021biunilor sale. O simpl\u0103 necunoa\u0219tere sau o eroare neglijent\u0103 nu elibereaz\u0103 de responsabilitate.   <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Principiul vinov\u0103\u021biei:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este pedepsit doar cine ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 <strong>cu vinov\u0103\u021bie<\/strong>. Infrac\u021biunile inten\u021bionate necesit\u0103 ca autorul s\u0103 recunoasc\u0103 evenimentele esen\u021biale \u0219i s\u0103 le <strong>accepte cel pu\u021bin tacit<\/strong>. Dac\u0103 lipse\u0219te aceast\u0103 inten\u021bie, de exemplu, deoarece autorul presupune \u00een mod eronat c\u0103 comportamentul s\u0103u este permis sau este <strong>sus\u021binut de bun\u0103voie<\/strong>, exist\u0103 cel mult neglijen\u021b\u0103. Aceasta nu este suficient\u0103 \u00een cazul infrac\u021biunilor inten\u021bionate.   <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Incapacitate de imputare:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nicio vin\u0103 nu revine cuiva care, la momentul faptei, nu a fost \u00een m\u0103sur\u0103 s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 injusti\u021bia ac\u021biunilor sale sau s\u0103 ac\u021bioneze conform acestei \u00een\u021belegeri din cauza unei <strong>tulbur\u0103ri psihice severe<\/strong>, a unei <strong>afect\u0103ri mintale patologice<\/strong> sau a unei <strong>incapacit\u0103\u021bi semnificative de control<\/strong>. \u00cen cazul unor \u00eendoieli corespunz\u0103toare, se ob\u021bine o <strong>expertiz\u0103 psihiatric\u0103<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/drept-penal\/stare-de-necesitate-scuzabila\/\">Stare de necesitate scuzabil\u0103<\/a>:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O stare de necesitate scuzabil\u0103 poate exista dac\u0103 autorul ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00eentr-o <strong>situa\u021bie de constr\u00e2ngere extrem\u0103<\/strong> pentru a \u00eendep\u0103rta un <strong>pericol acut<\/strong> pentru propria via\u021b\u0103 sau pentru via\u021ba altora. Comportamentul r\u0103m\u00e2ne ilegal, dar poate avea un efect <strong>de reducere a vinov\u0103\u021biei<\/strong> sau scuzabil dac\u0103 nu a existat o alt\u0103 cale de ie\u0219ire. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/drept-penal\/asumarea-eronata-a-unei-situatii-de-fapt-justificative\/\">Autoap\u0103rare putativ\u0103<\/a>:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 cineva crede \u00een mod eronat c\u0103 are dreptul la o ac\u021biune de ap\u0103rare, ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 inten\u021bie, dac\u0103 eroarea a fost <strong>serioas\u0103 \u0219i u\u0219or de \u00een\u021beles<\/strong>. O astfel de eroare poate <strong>reduce sau exclude vinov\u0103\u021bia<\/strong>. Cu toate acestea, dac\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne o \u00eenc\u0103lcare a obliga\u021biei de diligen\u021b\u0103, se poate lua \u00een considerare o evaluare neglijent\u0103 sau atenuant\u0103, dar nu o justificare.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strafaufhebung-amp-diversion\">Anularea pedepsei \u0219i abaterea<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-diversion\">Diversiunea:<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O diversiune este, \u00een principiu, posibil\u0103 \u00een cazul calomniei. Elementul protejeaz\u0103 <strong>reputa\u021bia social\u0103<\/strong> a unei persoane \u00eempotriva afirma\u021biilor de fapt care aduc atingere onoarei, iar greutatea vinei se bazeaz\u0103 mai ales pe <strong>con\u021binutul, acoperirea \u0219i efectul<\/strong> declara\u021biei, precum \u0219i pe responsabilitatea personal\u0103 a autorului. \u00cen cazurile de periclitare minor\u0103 a reputa\u021biei, \u00een\u021belegere clar\u0103 \u0219i lips\u0103 de antecedente, o solu\u021bionare diversionar\u0103 este verificat\u0103 \u00een mod regulat \u00een practic\u0103.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cu c\u00e2t este mai evident\u0103 o <strong>r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire planificat\u0103, con\u0219tient\u0103 sau repetat\u0103<\/strong> a unor fapte def\u0103im\u0103toare sau cu c\u00e2t este mai mare prejudiciul de reputa\u021bie efectiv produs sau iminent, cu at\u00e2t este mai pu\u021bin probabil\u0103 o diversiune.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>vina este mic\u0103,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>declara\u021bia are un efect limitat sau de scurt\u0103 durat\u0103 asupra reputa\u021biei,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nu au survenit consecin\u021be profesionale sau sociale semnificative,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nu este identificabil un comportament sistematic sau continuu,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>situa\u021bia de fapt este clar\u0103 \u0219i u\u0219or de \u00een\u021beles,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>iar f\u0103ptuitorul este \u00een\u021beleg\u0103tor, cooperant \u0219i dispus s\u0103 ajung\u0103 la o \u00een\u021belegere.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 se ia \u00een considerare o diversiune, instan\u021ba poate dispune <strong>prest\u0103ri pecuniare<\/strong>, <strong>prest\u0103ri de servicii \u00een folosul comunit\u0103\u021bii<\/strong>, <strong>indica\u021bii de supraveghere<\/strong> sau o <strong>echilibrare a faptei<\/strong>, de exemplu, sub forma unei <strong>rectific\u0103ri<\/strong>, a unei <strong>revoc\u0103ri<\/strong> sau a unor <strong>scuze<\/strong>. O diversiune nu duce la <strong>nicio condamnare<\/strong> \u0219i la <strong>nicio \u00eenregistrare \u00een cazierul judiciar<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ausschluss-der-diversion\">Excluderea diversific\u0103rii:<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O diversiune este exclus\u0103 dac\u0103<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>a survenit un prejudiciu de reputa\u021bie considerabil sau de durat\u0103,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>declara\u021bia a fost r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103 \u00een mod con\u0219tient, \u021bintit, planificat sau \u00eempotriva unei cuno\u0219tin\u021be mai bune,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>au fost afectate mai multe persoane sau declara\u021bia a fost f\u0103cut\u0103 \u00een public,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>exist\u0103 un comportament sistematic sau de lung\u0103 durat\u0103,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>persoane deosebit de vulnerabile au fost afectate de prejudiciul de reputa\u021bie,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>declara\u021biile au avut consecin\u021be calificate, cum ar fi dezavantaje profesionale masive sau excludere social\u0103,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sau comportamentul general reprezint\u0103 o \u00eenc\u0103lcare grav\u0103 a reputa\u021biei sociale.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Numai \u00een cazul unei <strong>culpe clar minime<\/strong> \u0219i a unei <strong>\u00een\u021belegeri imediate<\/strong> se poate verifica dac\u0103 este admisibil\u0103 o procedur\u0103 diversionar\u0103 excep\u021bional\u0103. \u00cen practic\u0103, diversiunea r\u0103m\u00e2ne posibil\u0103 \u00een cazul calomniei, dar este <strong>rar\u0103 \u00een cazurile sistematice sau cu consecin\u021be grave<\/strong>. <\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eCine r\u0103sp\u00e2nde\u0219te \u00een mod con\u0219tient declara\u021bii def\u0103im\u0103toare, oblig\u0103 legea s\u0103 traseze limite clare\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Consulta\u021bie ini\u021bial\u0103 gratuit\u0103\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Alege\u021bi acum data dorit\u0103:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Consulta\u021bie ini\u021bial\u0103 gratuit\u0103<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strafzumessung-amp-folgen\">Stabilirea pedepsei \u0219i consecin\u021be<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instan\u021ba stabile\u0219te pedeapsa \u00een func\u021bie de <strong>amploarea faptei de v\u0103t\u0103mare a onoarei<\/strong>, de <strong>tipul, \u00eentinderea \u0219i intensitatea prejudiciului de reputa\u021bie<\/strong>, precum \u0219i de m\u0103sura \u00een care faptul afirmat a afectat <strong>reputa\u021bia social\u0103<\/strong> a persoanei afectate. Este relevant dac\u0103 f\u0103ptuitorul a r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit fapte v\u0103t\u0103m\u0103toare de onoare <strong>\u00een mod repetat<\/strong>, <strong>\u021bintit<\/strong> sau <strong>planificat<\/strong> pe o perioad\u0103 mai lung\u0103 de timp \u0219i dac\u0103 comportamentul a cauzat o <strong>\u00eempov\u0103rare social\u0103 sau profesional\u0103 sensibil\u0103<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-erschwerungsgrunde-bestehen-insbesondere-wenn\">Motivele agravante exist\u0103 \u00een special dac\u0103<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>afirma\u021bia a fost r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103 sau men\u021binut\u0103 pe o perioad\u0103 mai lung\u0103 de timp,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a existat o abordare sistematic\u0103 sau deosebit de persistent\u0103 \u00een cazul prejudiciului de reputa\u021bie,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>persoana afectat\u0103 a fost afectat\u0103 \u00een mod clar social, profesional sau personal,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>au fost afectate persoane deosebit de vulnerabile,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a fost continuat\u0103 afirma\u021bia, \u00een ciuda unor indica\u021bii clare privind neadev\u0103rul sau lipsa de fundament,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a existat o \u00eenc\u0103lcare semnificativ\u0103 a \u00eencrederii, de exemplu, \u00een cadrul unei rela\u021bii speciale de apropiere sau de dependen\u021b\u0103,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sau exist\u0103 condamn\u0103ri anterioare relevante.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-milderungsgrunde-sind-etwa\">Motivele atenuante sunt, de exemplu<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>o reputa\u021bie nep\u0103tat\u0103,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>o m\u0103rturisire complet\u0103 \u0219i o \u00een\u021belegere recognoscibil\u0103,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>o \u00eencetare imediat\u0103 a afirma\u021biei def\u0103im\u0103toare,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>eforturi active de desp\u0103gubire, revocare sau scuze,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>stres psihologic special sau situa\u021bii de suprasolicitare din partea infractorului,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sau o durat\u0103 excesiv de lung\u0103 a procedurii.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instan\u021ba poate <strong>suspenda condi\u021bionat<\/strong> o pedeaps\u0103 cu \u00eenchisoarea dac\u0103 aceasta nu dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te doi ani \u0219i infractorul prezint\u0103 un <strong>prognostic social pozitiv<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strafrahmen\">Limitele pedepsei<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Calomnia este amenin\u021bat\u0103, \u00een func\u021bie de forma de r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire, cu pedeapsa cu \u00eenchisoarea de p\u00e2n\u0103 la \u0219ase luni sau cu amend\u0103 de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 360 de zile-amend\u0103. Dac\u0103 afirma\u021bia v\u0103t\u0103m\u0103toare de onoare este exprimat\u0103 \u00eentr-un mod care ajunge la mul\u021bi oameni, instan\u021ba poate impune pedeapsa cu \u00eenchisoarea de p\u00e2n\u0103 la un an sau o amend\u0103 de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 720 de zile-amend\u0103. Aceste limite constituie cadrul legal maxim de pedeaps\u0103.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O scuz\u0103, o revocare sau alte \u00eencerc\u0103ri de desp\u0103gubire nu modific\u0103 acest cadru de pedeaps\u0103. Astfel de circumstan\u021be sunt luate \u00een considerare exclusiv \u00een cadrul stabilirii pedepsei. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Excluderea pedepsei este central\u0103. F\u0103ptuitorul nu trebuie pedepsit dac\u0103 afirma\u021bia se dovede\u0219te a fi adev\u0103rat\u0103 sau dac\u0103, \u00een cazul mai u\u0219or, a avut motive \u00eentemeiate s\u0103 considere afirma\u021bia ca fiind adev\u0103rat\u0103. Astfel, legea nu protejeaz\u0103 \u00eempotriva criticii justificate, ci \u00eempotriva afirma\u021biilor false de fapt, care sunt potrivite pentru a afecta reputa\u021bia unei persoane.  <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-bedeutung-des-wahrheitsbeweises\">Semnifica\u021bia probei de adev\u0103r<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 se poate administra o prob\u0103 de adev\u0103r sau o prob\u0103 a bunei credin\u021be, se stabile\u0219te conform regulilor speciale. Acuzatul trebuie s\u0103 se prevaleze \u00een mod expres de aceasta. Cu privire la fapte din sfera vie\u021bii private sau familiale \u0219i cu privire la acuza\u021bii care sunt urm\u0103rite numai la cerere, o astfel de prob\u0103 nu este admisibil\u0103. \u00cen aceste cazuri, excluderea pedepsei nu poate fi aplicat\u0103.   <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-privatanklagedelikt\">Delict de acuzare privat\u0103<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Calomnia nu este urm\u0103rit\u0103 din oficiu. Persoana afectat\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 introduc\u0103 ea \u00eens\u0103\u0219i o ac\u021biune \u00een fa\u021ba instan\u021bei \u0219i s\u0103 conduc\u0103 procedura ca acuzator privat. F\u0103r\u0103 aceast\u0103 acuzare privat\u0103, nu are loc nicio urm\u0103rire penal\u0103.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-geldstrafe-tagessatzsystem\">Amenda \u2013 sistemul de cote zilnice<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dreptul penal austriac calculeaz\u0103 amenzile \u00een func\u021bie de <strong>sistemul de cote zilnice<\/strong>. <strong>Num\u0103rul de cote zilnice<\/strong> depinde de <strong>vinov\u0103\u021bie<\/strong>, <strong>suma pe zi<\/strong> depinde de <strong>capacitatea financiar\u0103<\/strong>. \u00cen acest fel, pedeapsa este adaptat\u0103 la circumstan\u021bele personale \u0219i r\u0103m\u00e2ne totu\u0219i vizibil\u0103.  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Interval:<\/strong> p\u00e2n\u0103 la <strong>720 de cote zilnice<\/strong> \u2013 minimum <strong>4 euro<\/strong>, maximum <strong>5.000 de euro<\/strong> pe zi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Formul\u0103 practic\u0103:<\/strong> Aproximativ <strong>6 luni de \u00eenchisoare corespund la aproximativ 360 de cote zilnice<\/strong>. Aceast\u0103 conversie serve\u0219te doar ca <strong>orientare<\/strong> \u0219i <strong>nu este o schem\u0103 rigid\u0103<\/strong>. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00cen caz de neplat\u0103:<\/strong> Instan\u021ba poate impune o <strong>pedeaps\u0103 cu \u00eenchisoarea de substitu\u021bie<\/strong>. De regul\u0103, se aplic\u0103 urm\u0103toarele: <strong>1 zi de pedeaps\u0103 cu \u00eenchisoarea de substitu\u021bie corespunde la 2 cote zilnice<\/strong>. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-hinweis\">Not\u0103:<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen cazul calomniei, o amend\u0103 este luat\u0103 \u00een considerare \u00een special atunci c\u00e2nd afirma\u021bia v\u0103t\u0103m\u0103toare de onoare a avut doar <strong>efecte limitate<\/strong>, <strong>reputa\u021bia persoanei afectate a fost afectat\u0103 doar \u00een mod minor<\/strong> \u0219i comportamentul se situeaz\u0103 <strong>la limita inferioar\u0103 a incrimin\u0103rii<\/strong>. \u00cen astfel de cazuri, se recurge frecvent la o amend\u0103, \u00een timp ce acuza\u021biile grave sau cu efect public pot duce mai degrab\u0103 la sanc\u021biuni mai severe. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-freiheitsstrafe-amp-teil-bedingte-nachsicht\">Pedeapsa cu \u00eenchisoarea \u0219i clemen\u021b\u0103 (par\u021bial) condi\u021bionat\u0103<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a7 37 StGB: Dac\u0103 amenin\u021barea legal\u0103 cu pedeapsa <strong>se ridic\u0103 la p\u00e2n\u0103 la cinci ani<\/strong>, instan\u021ba poate impune <strong>\u00een locul unei pedepse scurte cu \u00eenchisoarea<\/strong> de maximum un an o <strong>amend\u0103<\/strong>. Aceast\u0103 posibilitate exist\u0103 \u0219i \u00een cazul delictelor al c\u0103ror element constitutiv de baz\u0103 prevede amend\u0103 sau pedeaps\u0103 cu \u00eenchisoarea de p\u00e2n\u0103 la un an. \u00cen practic\u0103, \u00a7 37 StGB este <strong>aplicat cu re\u021binere<\/strong>, dac\u0103 fapta v\u0103t\u0103m\u0103toare de onoare a fost <strong>deosebit de \u00eempov\u0103r\u0103toare<\/strong>, <strong>repetat\u0103<\/strong> sau a fost asociat\u0103 cu un <strong>prejudiciu public sensibil al reputa\u021biei<\/strong>. \u00cen cazuri mai pu\u021bin grave, \u00een special \u00een cazul unui <strong>efect limitat<\/strong> sau al unei <strong>\u00eencet\u0103ri imediate<\/strong> a comportamentului gre\u0219it, se poate recurge \u00eens\u0103 la \u00a7 37 StGB.   <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a7 43 StGB: O pedeaps\u0103 cu \u00eenchisoarea poate fi <strong>suspendat\u0103 condi\u021bionat<\/strong>, dac\u0103 nu dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te doi ani \u0219i f\u0103ptuitorul are un <strong>prognostic social pozitiv<\/strong>. Aceast\u0103 posibilitate exist\u0103 \u0219i \u00een cazul delictelor cu un cadru de pedeaps\u0103 de baz\u0103 de p\u00e2n\u0103 la un an. Mai re\u021binut\u0103 este acordat\u0103 o suspendare condi\u021bionat\u0103, dac\u0103 exist\u0103 <strong>circumstan\u021be agravante<\/strong> sau afirma\u021bia def\u0103im\u0103toare a dus la <strong>\u00eempov\u0103r\u0103ri profesionale sau personale clare<\/strong>. Realist\u0103 este \u00een special atunci c\u00e2nd comportamentul <strong>c\u00e2nt\u0103re\u0219te mai pu\u021bin<\/strong>, a <strong>ap\u0103rut spontan<\/strong> sau la persoana afectat\u0103 nu au survenit <strong>consecin\u021be de durat\u0103<\/strong>.   <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a7 43a StGB: Suspendarea par\u021bial condi\u021bionat\u0103 permite o combina\u021bie \u00eentre <strong>partea de pedeaps\u0103 necondi\u021bionat\u0103<\/strong> \u0219i <strong>suspendat\u0103 condi\u021bionat<\/strong>. Aceasta este posibil\u0103 \u00een cazul pedepselor de peste \u0219ase luni \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 la doi ani. Deoarece \u00een cazurile mai grave de calomnie pot fi pronun\u021bate pedepse \u00een <strong>zona superioar\u0103 a cadrului de pedeaps\u0103<\/strong>, \u00a7 43a StGB este luat \u00een considerare \u00een mod regulat. \u00cen constela\u021bii cu un <strong>prejudiciu public extins al reputa\u021biei<\/strong> sau cu o <strong>abordare \u021bintit\u0103<\/strong>, aceasta este \u00eens\u0103 aplicat\u0103 cu o re\u021binere semnificativ mai mare.   <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/drept-penal\/asistenta-de-probatiune-si-instructiuni\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7\u00a7 50 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 52 StGB:<\/a> Instan\u021ba poate emite suplimentar <strong>instruc\u021biuni<\/strong> \u0219i poate dispune <strong>ajutor de proba\u021biune<\/strong>. \u00cen considerare vin \u00een special <strong>interdic\u021bii de contact<\/strong>, <strong>m\u0103suri de supraveghere<\/strong> sau alte dispozi\u021bii care ar trebui s\u0103 promoveze <strong>protec\u021bia persoanei afectate<\/strong> \u0219i o <strong>prob\u0103 legal\u0103 stabil\u0103<\/strong>. O aten\u021bie deosebit\u0103 este acordat\u0103 <strong>omisiunii altor afirma\u021bii def\u0103im\u0103toare<\/strong> \u0219i asigur\u0103rii faptului c\u0103 f\u0103ptuitorul nu mai r\u0103sp\u00e2nde\u0219te pe viitor <strong>declara\u021bii comparabile<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-zustandigkeit-der-gerichte\">Competen\u021ba instan\u021belor<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sachliche-zustandigkeit\">Competen\u021ba material\u0103<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru calomnie, din cauza cadrului de pedeaps\u0103 de p\u00e2n\u0103 la \u0219ase luni pedeaps\u0103 cu \u00eenchisoarea sau p\u00e2n\u0103 la 360 de zile-amend\u0103 \u00een elementul constitutiv de baz\u0103 \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 la un an pedeaps\u0103 cu \u00eenchisoarea sau p\u00e2n\u0103 la 720 de zile-amend\u0103 \u00een cazul calificat, este \u00een principiu competent <strong>Tribunalul districtual<\/strong>. Delictele cu o astfel de amenin\u021bare sc\u0103zut\u0103 cu pedeapsa intr\u0103, conform competen\u021bei legale generale, \u00een competen\u021ba de decizie de prim\u0103 instan\u021b\u0103 a tribunalelor districtuale. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Deoarece calomnia este amenin\u021bat\u0103 doar cu pedepse relativ mici, procedura r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00eentotdeauna la <strong>Tribunalul districtual<\/strong>. Pentru <strong>Tribunalul regional<\/strong> sau un <strong>Tribunal cu jura\u021bi profani<\/strong> ar fi necesar\u0103 legal o amenin\u021bare cu pedeapsa semnificativ mai mare. Deoarece aceasta nu este prev\u0103zut\u0103 \u00een cazul calomniei, aceste instan\u021be nu sunt utilizate aici.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un tribunal cu jura\u021bi este exclus, deoarece calomnia nu prevede o pedeaps\u0103 cu \u00eenchisoarea pe via\u021b\u0103 \u0219i, prin urmare, nu sunt \u00eendeplinite condi\u021biile legale.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-peter-harlander\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/ph100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Peter Harlander<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eCompeten\u021ba corect\u0103 nu este un formalism: Cine \u00eencepe \u00een fa\u021ba instan\u021bei gre\u0219ite pierde timp, nervi \u0219i, \u00een caz de \u00eendoial\u0103, \u0219i avantaje de prob\u0103 \u0219i de executare.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ortliche-zustandigkeit\">Competen\u021ba teritorial\u0103<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Competent\u0103 este <strong>instan\u021ba de la locul faptei<\/strong>. Este relevant \u00een special <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>unde <strong>a fost f\u0103cut\u0103 afirma\u021bia v\u0103t\u0103m\u0103toare de onoare<\/strong> sau <strong>transmis\u0103 mai departe<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>unde <strong>a survenit prejudiciul de reputa\u021bie<\/strong> sau a devenit relevant din punct de vedere juridic,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>unde a fost stabilit\u0103 <strong>ac\u021biunea de r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sau unde au avut loc <strong>pa\u0219i<\/strong> preg\u0103titori sau \u00eenso\u021bitori, care au fost esen\u021biali pentru <strong>publicare<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 locul faptei nu poate fi determinat \u00een mod clar, competen\u021ba se stabile\u0219te \u00een func\u021bie de<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>domiciliul persoanei acuzate<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>locul arest\u0103rii<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sau <strong>sediul Parchetului competent \u00een materie<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Procedura se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 acolo unde este cel mai bine asigurat\u0103 o <strong>desf\u0103\u0219urare adecvat\u0103 \u0219i ordonat\u0103<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-instanzenzug\">Calea de atac<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cempotriva hot\u0103r\u00e2rilor Tribunalului Districtual este posibil\u0103 o <strong>apel la Tribunalul Regional<\/strong>. Tribunalul Regional decide ca instan\u021b\u0103 de apel asupra <strong>culpei, pedepsei \u0219i costurilor<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Deciziile Tribunalului Regional pot fi ulterior contestate prin <strong>recurs \u00een anulare<\/strong> sau un alt <strong>apel<\/strong> la <strong>Curtea Suprem\u0103<\/strong>, cu condi\u021bia \u00eendeplinirii cerin\u021belor legale.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-zivilanspruche-im-strafverfahren\">Preten\u021bii civile \u00een cadrul procesului penal<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen cazul calomniei, persoana afectat\u0103 poate <strong>face valabile preten\u021bii de drept civil direct \u00een cadrul procedurii penale<\/strong> ca acuzator privat. Deoarece fapta reprezint\u0103 o <strong>\u00eenc\u0103lcare a reputa\u021biei sociale<\/strong> \u0219i, prin urmare, de regul\u0103, \u0219i o ingerin\u021b\u0103 \u00een dreptul general la personalitate, vin \u00een considerare \u00een special <strong>daune morale<\/strong>, desp\u0103gubiri pentru <strong>eventuale dezavantaje economice<\/strong>, <strong>costuri ale unei \u00eengrijiri psihologice<\/strong>, precum \u0219i alte <strong>prejudicii patrimoniale sau imateriale<\/strong> declan\u0219ate de prejudiciul de reputa\u021bie. \u00cen func\u021bie de cazul individual, pot fi f\u0103cute valabile \u0219i <strong>costuri de consultan\u021b\u0103 sau de asisten\u021b\u0103 juridic\u0103<\/strong>, \u00een m\u0103sura \u00een care acestea au fost cauzate direct de afirma\u021bia v\u0103t\u0103m\u0103toare de onoare.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aderarea p\u0103r\u021bii v\u0103t\u0103mate private suspend\u0103 <strong>prescrip\u021bia preten\u021biilor invocate<\/strong>, at\u00e2ta timp c\u00e2t procedura penal\u0103 este pendinte. Abia dup\u0103 \u00eencheierea cu for\u021b\u0103 executorie \u00eencepe s\u0103 curg\u0103 din nou termenul de prescrip\u021bie, \u00een m\u0103sura \u00een care preten\u021bia nu a fost acordat\u0103 integral. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O desp\u0103gubire voluntar\u0103, cum ar fi o <strong>scuz\u0103 serioas\u0103<\/strong>, o <strong>revocare<\/strong>, o <strong>rectificare<\/strong> sau o <strong>compensare financiar\u0103<\/strong>, poate avea un efect de atenuare a pedepsei, cu condi\u021bia ca aceasta s\u0103 aib\u0103 loc \u00een timp util, credibil \u0219i complet.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 f\u0103ptuitorul a r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit \u00eens\u0103 <strong>planificat<\/strong>, <strong>\u00een mod repetat<\/strong> sau pe o perioad\u0103 mai lung\u0103 de timp afirma\u021bii v\u0103t\u0103m\u0103toare de onoare, care au declan\u0219at <strong>dezavantaje sociale, profesionale sau personale<\/strong>, o desp\u0103gubire ulterioar\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i pierde, de regul\u0103, \u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103 efectul de atenuare. \u00cen astfel de constela\u021bii, o compensare ulterioar\u0103 nu poate relativiza \u00een mod decisiv nedreptatea comis\u0103. <\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201ePrejudiciul de reputa\u021bie las\u0103 urme, care sunt adesea mai greu de \u00eenl\u0103turat dec\u00e2t daunele materiale.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Consulta\u021bie ini\u021bial\u0103 gratuit\u0103\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Alege\u021bi acum data dorit\u0103:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Consulta\u021bie ini\u021bial\u0103 gratuit\u0103<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strafverfahren-im-uberblick\">Procesul penal pe scurt<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ermittlungsbeginn\">\u00cenceputul anchetei<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O procedur\u0103 penal\u0103 presupune o suspiciune concret\u0103, de la care o persoan\u0103 este considerat\u0103 acuzat\u0103 \u0219i poate invoca toate drepturile acuzatului. \u00cen cazul delictelor de acuzare privat\u0103, cum ar fi calomnia, o procedur\u0103 penal\u0103 nu \u00eencepe \u00eens\u0103 <strong>nu<\/strong> din oficiu. Persoana afectat\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 <strong>introduc\u0103 ea \u00eens\u0103\u0219i o acuzare privat\u0103 la instan\u021b\u0103<\/strong>, abia astfel ia na\u0219tere o procedur\u0103 penal\u0103 regulat\u0103. F\u0103r\u0103 o astfel de ac\u021biune, sunt admisibile doar verific\u0103ri preliminare, cum ar fi o prim\u0103 evaluare juridic\u0103 sau \u00eenregistrarea unui incident, dar nu investiga\u021bii de c\u0103tre poli\u021bie sau parchet.   <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-polizei-und-staatsanwaltschaft\">Poli\u021bia \u0219i Parchetul<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen cazul calomniei, nu parchetul conduce procedura, ci <strong>instan\u021ba \u00een cadrul acuz\u0103rii private<\/strong>. Poli\u021bia \u0219i parchetul nu sunt, de regul\u0103, implicate, deoarece delictul nu este urm\u0103rit din oficiu. Pa\u0219ii decisivi revin, prin urmare, instan\u021bei \u0219i p\u0103r\u021bilor \u00eensele. Procedura se \u00eencheie prin \u00eencetare, solu\u021bionare diversionar\u0103 sau sentin\u021b\u0103. F\u0103r\u0103 o acuzare privat\u0103 valabil\u0103, nu poate fi condus\u0103 nicio procedur\u0103 penal\u0103 formal\u0103.    <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-beschuldigtenvernehmung\">Audierea inculpatului<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cenainte de fiecare audiere are loc o informare complet\u0103 cu privire la drepturi, \u00een special cu privire la dreptul la t\u0103cere \u0219i dreptul la asisten\u021b\u0103 din partea unui avocat. O audiere formal\u0103 a acuzatului presupune \u00een procedura de acuzare privat\u0103 c\u0103 exist\u0103 o <strong>acuzare privat\u0103 valabil\u0103 \u0219i cu efect formal<\/strong>. Dac\u0103 se solicit\u0103 un avocat, audierea trebuie am\u00e2nat\u0103.  <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-akteneinsicht\">Inspectarea dosarului<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se poate lua act de dosar la instan\u021b\u0103 \u0219i cuprinde toate documentele probatorii, cu condi\u021bia ca scopul procedurii s\u0103 nu fie pus \u00een pericol. Aderarea p\u0103r\u021bii v\u0103t\u0103mate private se conformeaz\u0103 regulilor generale ale Codului de procedur\u0103 penal\u0103 \u0219i nu este restr\u00e2ns\u0103 de acuzarea privat\u0103. \u0218i \u00een procedura de acuzare privat\u0103, drepturile de consultare a dosarului revin at\u00e2t acuzatului, c\u00e2t \u0219i acuzatorului privat.  <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-hauptverhandlung\">Procesul principal<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0218edin\u021ba principal\u0103 serve\u0219te la <strong>administrarea oral\u0103 a probelor<\/strong>, la evaluarea juridic\u0103 \u0219i la decizia cu privire la <strong>preten\u021biile de drept civil<\/strong> ale p\u0103r\u021bilor v\u0103t\u0103mate private. F\u0103r\u0103 o acuzare privat\u0103 introdus\u0103 \u00een mod corespunz\u0103tor, <strong>nu are loc nicio \u0219edin\u021b\u0103 principal\u0103<\/strong>, deoarece altfel nu ar trebui condus\u0103 nicio procedur\u0103 penal\u0103. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-beschuldigtenrechte\">Drepturile inculpatului<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Informare &amp; Ap\u0103rare:<\/strong> Dreptul la notificare, asisten\u021b\u0103 juridic\u0103, alegerea liber\u0103 a avocatului ap\u0103r\u0103tor, asisten\u021b\u0103 de traducere, cereri de probe.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u0103cere &amp; Avocat:<\/strong> Dreptul la t\u0103cere \u00een orice moment; \u00een cazul implic\u0103rii unui avocat ap\u0103r\u0103tor, audierea trebuie am\u00e2nat\u0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Obliga\u021bia de informare:<\/strong> informare \u00een timp util cu privire la suspiciune\/drepturi; excep\u021bii numai pentru a asigura scopul anchetei.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Consultarea practic\u0103 a dosarului:<\/strong> Dosarele de anchet\u0103 \u0219i de procedur\u0103 principal\u0103; consultarea de c\u0103tre ter\u021bi este limitat\u0103 \u00een favoarea suspectului.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201ePa\u0219ii corec\u021bi \u00een primele 48 de ore decid adesea dac\u0103 o procedur\u0103 escaladeaz\u0103 sau r\u0103m\u00e2ne controlabil\u0103.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Consulta\u021bie ini\u021bial\u0103 gratuit\u0103\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Alege\u021bi acum data dorit\u0103:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Consulta\u021bie ini\u021bial\u0103 gratuit\u0103<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-praxis-amp-verhaltenstipps\">Practic\u0103 \u0219i sfaturi de comportament<\/h2>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>P\u0103stra\u021bi t\u0103cerea.<\/strong><br\/>O scurt\u0103 explica\u021bie este suficient\u0103: \u201e\u00cemi exercit dreptul de a p\u0103stra t\u0103cerea \u0219i voi vorbi mai \u00eent\u00e2i cu ap\u0103rarea mea.\u201d Acest drept este valabil \u00eenc\u0103 de la prima audiere de c\u0103tre poli\u021bie sau parchet. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Contacta\u021bi imediat ap\u0103rarea.<\/strong><br\/>Nu ar trebui f\u0103cut\u0103 nicio declara\u021bie f\u0103r\u0103 a consulta dosarele de anchet\u0103. Abia dup\u0103 consultarea dosarului, ap\u0103rarea poate evalua ce strategie \u0219i ce asigurare a probelor sunt utile. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Asigura\u021bi imediat probele.<\/strong><br\/>Toate documentele, mesajele, fotografiile, videoclipurile \u0219i alte \u00eenregistr\u0103ri disponibile ar trebui s\u0103 fie asigurate c\u00e2t mai cur\u00e2nd posibil \u0219i p\u0103strate \u00een copie. Datele digitale trebuie asigurate \u00een mod regulat \u0219i protejate \u00eempotriva modific\u0103rilor ulterioare. Nota\u021bi persoanele importante ca posibili martori \u0219i consemna\u021bi desf\u0103\u0219urarea evenimentelor \u00eentr-un protocol de memorie c\u00e2t mai cur\u00e2nd posibil.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nu lua\u021bi leg\u0103tura cu partea advers\u0103.<\/strong><br\/>Propriile mesaje, apeluri sau post\u0103ri pot fi folosite ca probe \u00eempotriva dumneavoastr\u0103. Toat\u0103 comunicarea ar trebui s\u0103 se fac\u0103 exclusiv prin intermediul ap\u0103r\u0103rii. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Asigura\u021bi \u00eenregistr\u0103rile video \u0219i de date \u00een timp util.<\/strong><br\/>\u00cenregistr\u0103rile video de supraveghere din mijloacele de transport \u00een comun, localuri sau de la administra\u021biile imobiliare sunt adesea \u0219terse automat dup\u0103 c\u00e2teva zile. Cererile de asigurare a datelor trebuie, prin urmare, depuse imediat la operatori, poli\u021bie sau parchet. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Documenta\u021bi perchezi\u021biile \u0219i confisc\u0103rile.<\/strong><br\/>\u00cen cazul perchezi\u021biilor domiciliare sau al confisc\u0103rilor, ar trebui s\u0103 solicita\u021bi o copie a ordinului sau a procesului-verbal. Nota\u021bi data, ora, persoanele implicate \u0219i toate obiectele luate. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00cen caz de arestare: nicio declara\u021bie cu privire la fapt\u0103.<\/strong><br\/>Insista\u021bi asupra inform\u0103rii imediate a ap\u0103r\u0103rii dumneavoastr\u0103. Arestarea preventiv\u0103 poate fi dispus\u0103 numai \u00een cazul unei suspiciuni \u00eentemeiate \u0219i a unui motiv suplimentar de arestare. M\u0103surile mai bl\u00e2nde (de exemplu, angajamentul, obliga\u021bia de raportare, interdic\u021bia de contact) sunt prioritare.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Preg\u0103ti\u021bi \u00een mod \u021bintit desp\u0103gubirea.<\/strong><br\/>Pl\u0103\u021bile, presta\u021biile simbolice, scuzele sau alte oferte de compensare ar trebui s\u0103 fie procesate \u0219i dovedite exclusiv prin intermediul ap\u0103r\u0103rii. O desp\u0103gubire structurat\u0103 poate avea un efect pozitiv asupra diversific\u0103rii \u0219i stabilirii pedepsei. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-peter-harlander\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/ph100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Peter Harlander<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eCine ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu chibzuin\u021b\u0103, asigur\u0103 probe \u0219i caut\u0103 sprijin juridic din timp, p\u0103streaz\u0103 controlul asupra procedurii.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ihre-vorteile-mit-anwaltlicher-unterstutzung\">Avantajele dumneavoastr\u0103 cu asisten\u021b\u0103 juridic\u0103<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cazurile de calomnie se refer\u0103 la ingerin\u021be sensibile \u00een <strong>dreptul la personalitate<\/strong> \u0219i <strong>reputa\u021bia social\u0103<\/strong> a unei persoane. Este decisiv dac\u0103 a fost exprimat\u0103 efectiv o <strong>afirma\u021bie de fapt v\u0103t\u0103m\u0103toare de onoare<\/strong> fa\u021b\u0103 de ter\u021bi \u0219i dac\u0103 aceasta a fost potrivit\u0103 pentru a afecta reputa\u021bia persoanei afectate. Chiar \u0219i mici diferen\u021be \u00een <strong>formulare<\/strong>, \u00een <strong>context<\/strong>, \u00een <strong>r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire<\/strong> sau \u00een <strong>interpretarea<\/strong> unei afirma\u021bii pot modifica \u00een mod semnificativ evaluarea juridic\u0103.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O reprezentare juridic\u0103 timpurie asigur\u0103 c\u0103 afirma\u021biile, istoricul mesajelor, situa\u021biile de comunicare \u0219i posibilele declara\u021bii ale martorilor sunt <strong>evaluate corect<\/strong>, securizate complet \u0219i verificate \u00een contextul juridic adecvat. Doar o analiz\u0103 precis\u0103 arat\u0103 dac\u0103 acuza\u021bia de calomnie este justificat\u0103 sau dac\u0103 exist\u0103 o <strong>ne\u00een\u021belegere<\/strong>, o <strong>exprimare permis\u0103 a opiniei<\/strong> sau o <strong>lips\u0103 de fundament faptic<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Firma noastr\u0103 de avocatur\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>verific\u0103<\/strong> dac\u0103 afirma\u021bia incriminat\u0103 reprezint\u0103 efectiv o afirma\u021bie de fapt v\u0103t\u0103m\u0103toare de onoare,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>analizeaz\u0103<\/strong> mesaje, documente \u0219i context pentru neclarit\u0103\u021bi, ambiguit\u0103\u021bi sau exager\u0103ri,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>v\u0103 protejeaz\u0103<\/strong> \u00eempotriva prezent\u0103rilor unilaterale, atribuirilor rapide de vin\u0103 \u0219i interpret\u0103rilor incorecte,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>dezvolt\u0103<\/strong> o strategie clar\u0103 de ap\u0103rare sau de preten\u021bie, care prezint\u0103 \u00een mod inteligibil desf\u0103\u0219urarea efectiv\u0103 a comunic\u0103rii.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen calitate de speciali\u0219ti \u00een drept penal, ne asigur\u0103m c\u0103 acuza\u021bia de calomnie este <strong>verificat\u0103 juridic precis<\/strong> \u0219i c\u0103 procedura este condus\u0103 pe o <strong>baz\u0103 faptic\u0103 complet\u0103, realist\u0103 \u0219i echilibrat\u0103 obiectiv<\/strong>.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eSprijinul juridic \u00eenseamn\u0103 separarea clar\u0103 a evenimentelor reale de evalu\u0103ri \u0219i dezvoltarea unei strategii de ap\u0103rare fiabile din acestea.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Consulta\u021bie ini\u021bial\u0103 gratuit\u0103\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Alege\u021bi acum data dorit\u0103:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Consulta\u021bie ini\u021bial\u0103 gratuit\u0103<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-faq-haufig-gestellte-fragen\">\u00centreb\u0103ri frecvente<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq uagb-faq__outer-wrap uagb-block-FAQ-ueble-nachrede uagb-faq-icon-row uagb-faq-layout-accordion uagb-faq-expand-first-true uagb-faq-inactive-other-true uagb-faq__wrap uagb-buttons-layout-wrap uagb-faq-equal-height     \" data-faqtoggle=\"true\" role=\"tablist\"><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/harlander-partner.eu\\\/ro\\\/drept-penal\\\/calomnie\\\/\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Ce este considerat juridic calomnie?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Exist\\u0103 calomnie atunci c\\u00e2nd cineva r\\u0103sp\\u00e2nde\\u0219te despre o anumit\\u0103 persoan\\u0103 o afirma\\u021bie de fapt v\\u0103t\\u0103m\\u0103toare de onoare, care poate d\\u0103una reputa\\u021biei sale \\u00een public. Este decisiv ca afirma\\u021bia s\\u0103 aib\\u0103 loc fa\\u021b\\u0103 de ter\\u021bi \\u0219i s\\u0103 fie potrivit\\u0103 \\u00een mod obiectiv pentru a afecta reputa\\u021bia. Este suficient deja dac\\u0103 al\\u021bii iau act de afirma\\u021bie \\u0219i o consider\\u0103 serios posibil\\u0103. Dac\\u0103 persoana afectat\\u0103 se simte subiectiv jignit\\u0103, nu este decisiv din punct de vedere juridic.   \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Este un comentariu depreciativ deja calomnie sau doar o insult\\u0103?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Un comentariu doar depreciativ este de obicei o insult\\u0103, dac\\u0103 este vorba doar despre o insult\\u0103 evaluativ\\u0103 f\\u0103r\\u0103 nucleu faptic. De calomnie se vorbe\\u0219te atunci c\\u00e2nd este afirmat un fapt concret, care poate fi \\u00een principiu adev\\u0103rat sau fals, cum ar fi un presupus furt sau un comportament gre\\u0219it grav. \\u00cen practic\\u0103, ambele domenii se suprapun frecvent, deoarece expresiile insult\\u0103toare sunt amestecate cu afirma\\u021bii de fapt. Instan\\u021ba evalueaz\\u0103 de fiecare dat\\u0103 formularea exact\\u0103 \\u0219i contextul afirma\\u021biei.   \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Joac\\u0103 un rol dac\\u0103 afirma\\u021bia este f\\u0103cut\\u0103 public sau doar \\u00eentr-un grup mic?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Din punct de vedere juridic, este suficient dac\\u0103 cel pu\\u021bin o a treia persoan\\u0103 poate percepe afirma\\u021bia. De aceea, deja un mesaj \\u00eentr-un grup mic de WhatsApp sau \\u00eentr-o list\\u0103 intern\\u0103 de distribu\\u021bie de e-mail poate \\u00eendeplini elementele constitutive. Cu c\\u00e2t este mai mare \\u00eentinderea \\u0219i cu c\\u00e2t este mai larg\\u0103 distribu\\u021bia, cu at\\u00e2t mai greu c\\u00e2nt\\u0103re\\u0219te prejudiciul de reputa\\u021bie \\u0219i cu at\\u00e2t mai strict\\u0103 poate fi pedeapsa. Publicitatea afirma\\u021biei influen\\u021beaz\\u0103, prin urmare, mai ales stabilirea pedepsei \\u0219i evaluarea consecin\\u021belor.   \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Ce pot face dac\\u0103 cineva r\\u0103sp\\u00e2nde\\u0219te calomnie despre mine?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Ar trebui s\\u0103 securiza\\u021bi toate probele, deci, de exemplu, capturi de ecran, istoricul conversa\\u021biilor, e-mailuri sau declara\\u021bii ale martorilor. Dup\\u0103 aceea, se recomand\\u0103 s\\u0103 se verifice situa\\u021bia juridic\\u0103, deoarece calomnia este, de regul\\u0103, urm\\u0103rit\\u0103 doar pe calea acuz\\u0103rii private. \\u00cen func\\u021bie de caz, vin \\u00een considerare pa\\u0219i de drept penal \\u0219i preten\\u021bii de drept civil de revocare, \\u00eencetare \\u0219i desp\\u0103gubire. O documentare structurat\\u0103 a incidentelor faciliteaz\\u0103 at\\u00e2t clarificarea extrajudiciar\\u0103, c\\u00e2t \\u0219i o posibil\\u0103 procedur\\u0103.   \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Ce sanc\\u021biuni se aplic\\u0103 \\u00een cazul def\\u0103im\\u0103rii conform \\u00a7 111 StGB?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Def\\u0103imarea se pedepse\\u0219te cu amend\\u0103 sau cu \\u00eenchisoare de p\\u00e2n\\u0103 la \\u0219ase luni. Dac\\u0103 afirma\\u021bia def\\u0103im\\u0103toare este r\\u0103sp\\u00e2ndit\\u0103 astfel \\u00eenc\\u00e2t s\\u0103 ajung\\u0103 la multe persoane, pedeapsa poate fi de p\\u00e2n\\u0103 la un an de \\u00eenchisoare sau p\\u00e2n\\u0103 la 720 de zile-amend\\u0103. Instan\\u021ba ia \\u00een considerare con\\u021binutul, amploarea \\u0219i efectul declara\\u021biei, precum \\u0219i situa\\u021bia personal\\u0103 a infractorului. Atingerea reputa\\u021biei \\u00een mod planificat sau repetat are o importan\\u021b\\u0103 deosebit\\u0103.   \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Pot solicita \\u0219i daune dac\\u0103 reputa\\u021bia mea a fost afectat\\u0103?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Da, pe l\\u00e2ng\\u0103 urm\\u0103rirea penal\\u0103, pute\\u021bi face valabile preten\\u021bii de drept civil. \\u00cen special, se iau \\u00een considerare daunele morale sub form\\u0103 de compensa\\u021bii pentru durere \\u0219i suferin\\u021b\\u0103, precum \\u0219i compensarea dezavantajelor economice concrete cauzate de atingerea reputa\\u021biei. \\u00cen plus, pute\\u021bi solicita adesea o revocare sau o rectificare, astfel \\u00eenc\\u00e2t afirma\\u021biile false s\\u0103 fie corectate. Aceste preten\\u021bii pot fi adesea puse \\u00een aplicare \\u00een mod adecvat \\u00een cadrul procedurii penale sau \\u00eentr-o procedur\\u0103 civil\\u0103 separat\\u0103.   \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"C\\u00e2nd ar trebui s\\u0103 apelez neap\\u0103rat la un avocat \\u00een caz de def\\u0103imare?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"De \\u00eendat\\u0103 ce declara\\u021biile def\\u0103im\\u0103toare v\\u0103 afecteaz\\u0103 \\u00een mod vizibil reputa\\u021bia profesional\\u0103 sau privat\\u0103, ar trebui s\\u0103 solicita\\u021bi asisten\\u021b\\u0103 juridic\\u0103. O ap\\u0103rare sau o reprezentare clarific\\u0103 mai \\u00eent\\u00e2i dac\\u0103 exist\\u0103 \\u00eentr-adev\\u0103r def\\u0103imare \\u0219i ce dovezi sunt necesare. Apoi, poate dezvolta o strategie adecvat\\u0103 \\u00eentre acuzarea privat\\u0103, ac\\u021biunile de drept civil \\u0219i solu\\u021bionarea extrajudiciar\\u0103. Tocmai pentru c\\u0103 termenele, problemele de proba\\u021biune \\u0219i riscurile de costuri joac\\u0103 un rol important, consultan\\u021ba juridic\\u0103 timpurie este sensibil\\u0103 din punct de vedere juridic \\u0219i economic.   \"}}]}<\/script><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-ueble-nachrede-Q1 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Ce este considerat juridic calomnie?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Exist\u0103 calomnie atunci c\u00e2nd cineva r\u0103sp\u00e2nde\u0219te despre o anumit\u0103 persoan\u0103 o afirma\u021bie de fapt v\u0103t\u0103m\u0103toare de onoare, care poate d\u0103una reputa\u021biei sale \u00een public. Este decisiv ca afirma\u021bia s\u0103 aib\u0103 loc fa\u021b\u0103 de ter\u021bi \u0219i s\u0103 fie potrivit\u0103 \u00een mod obiectiv pentru a afecta reputa\u021bia. Este suficient deja dac\u0103 al\u021bii iau act de afirma\u021bie \u0219i o consider\u0103 serios posibil\u0103. Dac\u0103 persoana afectat\u0103 se simte subiectiv jignit\u0103, nu este decisiv din punct de vedere juridic.   <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-ueble-nachrede-Q2 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Este un comentariu depreciativ deja calomnie sau doar o insult\u0103?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Un comentariu doar depreciativ este de obicei o insult\u0103, dac\u0103 este vorba doar despre o insult\u0103 evaluativ\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 nucleu faptic. De calomnie se vorbe\u0219te atunci c\u00e2nd este afirmat un fapt concret, care poate fi \u00een principiu adev\u0103rat sau fals, cum ar fi un presupus furt sau un comportament gre\u0219it grav. \u00cen practic\u0103, ambele domenii se suprapun frecvent, deoarece expresiile insult\u0103toare sunt amestecate cu afirma\u021bii de fapt. Instan\u021ba evalueaz\u0103 de fiecare dat\u0103 formularea exact\u0103 \u0219i contextul afirma\u021biei.   <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-ueble-nachrede-Q3 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Joac\u0103 un rol dac\u0103 afirma\u021bia este f\u0103cut\u0103 public sau doar \u00eentr-un grup mic?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Din punct de vedere juridic, este suficient dac\u0103 cel pu\u021bin o a treia persoan\u0103 poate percepe afirma\u021bia. De aceea, deja un mesaj \u00eentr-un grup mic de WhatsApp sau \u00eentr-o list\u0103 intern\u0103 de distribu\u021bie de e-mail poate \u00eendeplini elementele constitutive. Cu c\u00e2t este mai mare \u00eentinderea \u0219i cu c\u00e2t este mai larg\u0103 distribu\u021bia, cu at\u00e2t mai greu c\u00e2nt\u0103re\u0219te prejudiciul de reputa\u021bie \u0219i cu at\u00e2t mai strict\u0103 poate fi pedeapsa. Publicitatea afirma\u021biei influen\u021beaz\u0103, prin urmare, mai ales stabilirea pedepsei \u0219i evaluarea consecin\u021belor.   <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-ueble-nachrede-Q4 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Ce pot face dac\u0103 cineva r\u0103sp\u00e2nde\u0219te calomnie despre mine?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Ar trebui s\u0103 securiza\u021bi toate probele, deci, de exemplu, capturi de ecran, istoricul conversa\u021biilor, e-mailuri sau declara\u021bii ale martorilor. Dup\u0103 aceea, se recomand\u0103 s\u0103 se verifice situa\u021bia juridic\u0103, deoarece calomnia este, de regul\u0103, urm\u0103rit\u0103 doar pe calea acuz\u0103rii private. \u00cen func\u021bie de caz, vin \u00een considerare pa\u0219i de drept penal \u0219i preten\u021bii de drept civil de revocare, \u00eencetare \u0219i desp\u0103gubire. O documentare structurat\u0103 a incidentelor faciliteaz\u0103 at\u00e2t clarificarea extrajudiciar\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i o posibil\u0103 procedur\u0103.   <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-ueble-nachrede-Q5 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Ce sanc\u021biuni se aplic\u0103 \u00een cazul def\u0103im\u0103rii conform \u00a7 111 StGB?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Def\u0103imarea se pedepse\u0219te cu amend\u0103 sau cu \u00eenchisoare de p\u00e2n\u0103 la \u0219ase luni. Dac\u0103 afirma\u021bia def\u0103im\u0103toare este r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103 astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 ajung\u0103 la multe persoane, pedeapsa poate fi de p\u00e2n\u0103 la un an de \u00eenchisoare sau p\u00e2n\u0103 la 720 de zile-amend\u0103. Instan\u021ba ia \u00een considerare con\u021binutul, amploarea \u0219i efectul declara\u021biei, precum \u0219i situa\u021bia personal\u0103 a infractorului. Atingerea reputa\u021biei \u00een mod planificat sau repetat are o importan\u021b\u0103 deosebit\u0103.   <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-ueble-nachrede-Q6 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Pot solicita \u0219i daune dac\u0103 reputa\u021bia mea a fost afectat\u0103?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Da, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 urm\u0103rirea penal\u0103, pute\u021bi face valabile preten\u021bii de drept civil. \u00cen special, se iau \u00een considerare daunele morale sub form\u0103 de compensa\u021bii pentru durere \u0219i suferin\u021b\u0103, precum \u0219i compensarea dezavantajelor economice concrete cauzate de atingerea reputa\u021biei. \u00cen plus, pute\u021bi solicita adesea o revocare sau o rectificare, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t afirma\u021biile false s\u0103 fie corectate. Aceste preten\u021bii pot fi adesea puse \u00een aplicare \u00een mod adecvat \u00een cadrul procedurii penale sau \u00eentr-o procedur\u0103 civil\u0103 separat\u0103.   <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-ueble-nachrede-Q7 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">C\u00e2nd ar trebui s\u0103 apelez neap\u0103rat la un avocat \u00een caz de def\u0103imare?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>De \u00eendat\u0103 ce declara\u021biile def\u0103im\u0103toare v\u0103 afecteaz\u0103 \u00een mod vizibil reputa\u021bia profesional\u0103 sau privat\u0103, ar trebui s\u0103 solicita\u021bi asisten\u021b\u0103 juridic\u0103. O ap\u0103rare sau o reprezentare clarific\u0103 mai \u00eent\u00e2i dac\u0103 exist\u0103 \u00eentr-adev\u0103r def\u0103imare \u0219i ce dovezi sunt necesare. Apoi, poate dezvolta o strategie adecvat\u0103 \u00eentre acuzarea privat\u0103, ac\u021biunile de drept civil \u0219i solu\u021bionarea extrajudiciar\u0103. Tocmai pentru c\u0103 termenele, problemele de proba\u021biune \u0219i riscurile de costuri joac\u0103 un rol important, consultan\u021ba juridic\u0103 timpurie este sensibil\u0103 din punct de vedere juridic \u0219i economic.   <\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Consulta\u021bie ini\u021bial\u0103 gratuit\u0103\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Alege\u021bi acum data dorit\u0103:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Consulta\u021bie ini\u021bial\u0103 gratuit\u0103<\/span><\/a>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Calomnie Calomnia conform \u00a7 111 StGB exist\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd cineva atribuie unei alte persoane, \u00eentr-un mod perceptibil pentru ter\u021bi, o tr\u0103s\u0103tur\u0103 sau o mentalitate dispre\u021buitoare sau \u00eei repro\u0219eaz\u0103 un comportament &#8230;","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":96686,"parent":45855,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1012],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-96685","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-drept-penal"],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7111-Ueble-Nachrede.webp",1920,1080,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7111-Ueble-Nachrede-100x100.webp",100,100,true],"medium":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7111-Ueble-Nachrede-800x450.webp",800,450,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7111-Ueble-Nachrede.webp",1920,1080,false],"large":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7111-Ueble-Nachrede.webp",1920,1080,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7111-Ueble-Nachrede.webp",1536,864,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7111-Ueble-Nachrede.webp",1920,1080,false],"336x":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7111-Ueble-Nachrede-336x189.webp",336,189,true],"352x":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7111-Ueble-Nachrede-352x198.webp",352,198,true],"woocommerce_thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7111-Ueble-Nachrede-300x300.webp",300,300,true],"woocommerce_single":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7111-Ueble-Nachrede-600x338.webp",600,338,true],"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7111-Ueble-Nachrede-100x100.webp",100,100,true],"yarpp-thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7111-Ueble-Nachrede-120x120.webp",120,120,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Simon Prem","author_link":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/author\/simon-prem\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Calomnie Calomnia conform \u00a7 111 StGB exist\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd cineva atribuie unei alte persoane, \u00eentr-un mod perceptibil pentru ter\u021bi, o tr\u0103s\u0103tur\u0103 sau o mentalitate dispre\u021buitoare sau \u00eei repro\u0219eaz\u0103 un comportament ...","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/96685","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=96685"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/96685\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/45855"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/96686"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=96685"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=96685"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=96685"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}