{"id":91511,"date":"2025-11-26T09:12:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-26T08:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/drept-penal\/constrangere\/"},"modified":"2025-11-26T12:04:41","modified_gmt":"2025-11-26T11:04:41","slug":"constrangere","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/drept-penal\/constrangere\/","title":{"rendered":"Constr\u00e2ngere"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Constr\u00e2ngere<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-notigung\" data-level=\"2\">Constr\u00e2ngere<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-objektiver-tatbestand\" data-level=\"2\">Situa\u021bia de fapt obiectiv\u0103<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-prufungsschritte\" data-level=\"3\">Pa\u0219i de verificare<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-qualifizierende-umstande\" data-level=\"2\">Circumstan\u021be agravante<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-abgrenzung-zu-anderen-delikten\" data-level=\"2\">Delimitarea de alte infrac\u021biuni<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-konkurrenzen\" data-level=\"3\">Concuren\u021be:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-beweislast-amp-beweiswurdigung\" data-level=\"2\">Sarcina probei \u0219i aprecierea probelor<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-staatsanwaltschaft\" data-level=\"3\">Parchet:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-gericht\" data-level=\"3\">Instan\u021b\u0103:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-beschuldigte-person\" data-level=\"3\">Persoan\u0103 acuzat\u0103:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-praxisbeispiele\" data-level=\"2\">Exemple practice<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-subjektiver-tatbestand\" data-level=\"2\">Situa\u021bia de fapt subiectiv\u0103<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-schuld-amp-irrtumer\" data-level=\"2\">Vinov\u0103\u021bie \u0219i erori<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-strafaufhebung-amp-diversion\" data-level=\"2\">Anularea pedepsei \u0219i abaterea<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-diversion\" data-level=\"3\">Diversiunea:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-ausschluss-der-diversion\" data-level=\"3\">Excluderea diversific\u0103rii:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-strafzumessung-amp-folgen\" data-level=\"2\">Stabilirea pedepsei \u0219i consecin\u021be<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-erschwerungsgrunde-bestehen-insbesondere-wenn\" data-level=\"3\">Motivele agravante exist\u0103 \u00een special dac\u0103<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-milderungsgrunde-sind-etwa\" data-level=\"3\">Motivele atenuante sunt, de exemplu<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-strafrahmen\" data-level=\"2\">Limitele pedepsei<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-geldstrafe-tagessatzsystem\" data-level=\"2\">Amenda \u2013 sistemul de cote zilnice<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-freiheitsstrafe-amp-teil-bedingte-nachsicht\" data-level=\"2\">Pedeapsa cu \u00eenchisoarea \u0219i clemen\u021b\u0103 (par\u021bial) condi\u021bionat\u0103<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-zustandigkeit-der-gerichte\" data-level=\"2\">Competen\u021ba instan\u021belor<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-sachliche-zustandigkeit\" data-level=\"3\">Competen\u021ba material\u0103<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-ortliche-zustandigkeit\" data-level=\"3\">Competen\u021ba teritorial\u0103<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-instanzenzug\" data-level=\"3\">Calea de atac<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-zivilanspruche-im-strafverfahren\" data-level=\"2\">Preten\u021bii civile \u00een cadrul procesului penal<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-strafverfahren-im-uberblick\" data-level=\"2\">Procesul penal pe scurt<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-beschuldigtenrechte\" data-level=\"2\">Drepturile inculpatului<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-praxis-amp-verhaltenstipps\" data-level=\"2\">Practic\u0103 \u0219i sfaturi de comportament<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-ihre-vorteile-mit-anwaltlicher-unterstutzung\" data-level=\"2\">Avantajele dumneavoastr\u0103 cu asisten\u021b\u0103 juridic\u0103<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-faq-haufig-gestellte-fragen\" data-level=\"2\">\u00centreb\u0103ri frecvente<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-notigung\">Constr\u00e2ngere<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Constr\u00e2ngerea conform <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=105&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 105 StGB<\/a> este prezent\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd o persoan\u0103 este determinat\u0103 prin <strong>violen\u021b\u0103<\/strong> sau <strong>amenin\u021bare periculoas\u0103<\/strong> s\u0103 adopte, s\u0103 omit\u0103 sau s\u0103 tolereze un comportament. \u00cen centrul aten\u021biei se afl\u0103 constr\u00e2ngerea ilegal\u0103: persoana afectat\u0103 nu \u00ee\u0219i mai poate urma liber voin\u021ba, deoarece nu se poate sustrage efectiv influen\u021bei anun\u021bate sau exercitate. Violen\u021ba \u00eenseamn\u0103 orice desf\u0103\u0219urare de for\u021b\u0103 fizic\u0103 apt\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eenfr\u00e2ng\u0103 rezisten\u021ba. O amenin\u021bare periculoas\u0103 este prezent\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd se prevede un r\u0103u considerabil, care este apt s\u0103 genereze o team\u0103 justificat\u0103. Dispozi\u021bia protejeaz\u0103 libertatea de decizie \u0219i delimiteaz\u0103 situa\u021biile clare de constr\u00e2ngere de presiunea social\u0103 obi\u0219nuit\u0103.    <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-f014c6a5 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-60e61cc5\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O constr\u00e2ngere este for\u021barea ilegal\u0103 a unui comportament prin violen\u021b\u0103 sau amenin\u021bare periculoas\u0103, care afecteaz\u0103 \u00een mod semnificativ libera formare a voin\u021bei unei persoane.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-613eb3e6\"><picture>\r\n\t\t<source srcset=\"\" >\r\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-picture-small\" src=\"\" alt=\"Constr\u00e2ngerea conform \u00a7 105 StGB explicat\u0103 simplu. Prezentare general\u0103 u\u0219or de \u00een\u021beles a condi\u021biilor, a limitelor de pedeaps\u0103, a devierii \u0219i a posibilit\u0103\u021bilor de ap\u0103rare.\" >\r\n\t<\/picture>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-objektiver-tatbestand\">Situa\u021bia de fapt obiectiv\u0103<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Elementul obiectiv al <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=105&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 105 StGB<\/a> Constr\u00e2ngere include orice ac\u021biune recognoscibil\u0103 din exterior, prin care o persoan\u0103 este determinat\u0103 <strong>prin violen\u021b\u0103 sau prin amenin\u021bare periculoas\u0103<\/strong> s\u0103 adopte, s\u0103 tolereze sau s\u0103 omit\u0103 un anumit comportament. \u00cen centrul aten\u021biei se afl\u0103 constr\u00e2ngerea perceptibil\u0103 din exterior, care este apt\u0103 s\u0103 restr\u00e2ng\u0103 \u00een mod considerabil libera formare a voin\u021bei persoanei afectate. Norma protejeaz\u0103 libertatea personal\u0103 \u0219i capacitatea de a lua decizii proprii neinfluen\u021bate.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este relevant\u0103 orice situa\u021bie \u00een care o persoan\u0103 este determinat\u0103, prin influen\u021b\u0103 fizic\u0103 sau printr-un r\u0103u considerabil prev\u0103zut, s\u0103 se subordoneze unei voin\u021be determinate de al\u021bii. Este necesar\u0103 o presiune obiectiv recognoscibil\u0103, care ofer\u0103 persoanei afectate motive realiste \u0219i evidente pentru a da curs cerin\u021belor autorului. Motiva\u021bia interioar\u0103 a autorului nu are importan\u021b\u0103 pentru elementul obiectiv. Sunt relevante exclusiv circumstan\u021bele externe \u0219i efectul lor real asupra libert\u0103\u021bii de decizie.   <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-prufungsschritte\">Pa\u0219i de verificare<\/h3>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tatsubjekt\">Subiectul activ:<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Subiect activ poate fi <strong>orice persoan\u0103<\/strong> care exercit\u0103 violen\u021b\u0103 sau emite o amenin\u021bare periculoas\u0103. Nu sunt necesare propriet\u0103\u021bi speciale. Chiar \u0219i persoanele care permit constr\u00e2ngerea prin contribu\u021bii precum transmiterea amenin\u021b\u0103rii, crearea unui decor amenin\u021b\u0103tor sau sprijin fizic pot fi luate \u00een considerare ca autori sau participan\u021bi.  <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tatobjekt\">Obiectul faptei:<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Obiect al faptei este <strong>orice persoan\u0103<\/strong> a c\u0103rei liber\u0103 decizie este afectat\u0103 de violen\u021b\u0103 sau amenin\u021bare periculoas\u0103. Este protejat dreptul de a lua decizii proprii neinfluen\u021bate \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 presiuni inadmisibile. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tathandlung\">Ac\u021biunea incriminat\u0103:  <\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Obiectiv, este relevant orice comportament prin care se exercit\u0103 <strong>violen\u021b\u0103<\/strong> sau o <strong>amenin\u021bare periculoas\u0103<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Violen\u021ba<\/strong> este orice desf\u0103\u0219urare de for\u021b\u0103 fizic\u0103 apt\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eenfr\u00e2ng\u0103 rezisten\u021ba sau s\u0103 restr\u00e2ng\u0103 libertatea de ac\u021biune a persoanei afectate.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O <strong>amenin\u021bare periculoas\u0103<\/strong> este prezent\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd se prevede un r\u0103u considerabil, care este apt s\u0103 genereze o team\u0103 justificat\u0103. Acestea includ \u00een special amenin\u021b\u0103rile cu v\u0103t\u0103mare corporal\u0103, cu dezavantaje patrimoniale considerabile sau cu alte dezavantaje sensibile, care trebuie luate \u00een serios din perspectiva unui observator obiectiv. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Forme tipice de manifestare sunt, de exemplu:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Amenin\u021barea cu violen\u021b\u0103 fizic\u0103 pentru a for\u021ba un comportament.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Amenin\u021barea cu dezavantaje financiare sau personale considerabile.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Utilizarea for\u021bei fizice pentru a \u00eenfr\u00e2nge rezisten\u021ba.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Construirea unui decor amenin\u021b\u0103tor, care transmite un pericol iminent.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Decisiv este faptul c\u0103 influen\u021ba este <strong>obiectiv apt\u0103<\/strong> s\u0103 determine ac\u021biunea, tolerarea sau omisiunea solicitat\u0103.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-taterfolg\">Rezultatul faptei:<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rezultatul obiectiv al faptei este prezent atunci c\u00e2nd persoana afectat\u0103, ca urmare a violen\u021bei exercitate sau ca urmare a amenin\u021b\u0103rii periculoase, efectueaz\u0103, omite sau tolereaz\u0103 ac\u021biunea solicitat\u0103. Este suficient ca comportamentul persoanei afectate s\u0103 fie <strong>cauzal<\/strong> atribuibil constr\u00e2ngerii exercitate. O pagub\u0103 suplimentar\u0103 nu este necesar\u0103.  <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-kausalitat\">Cauzalitate:<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cauzal\u0103 este orice ac\u021biune a autorului f\u0103r\u0103 de care rezultatul for\u021bat nu s-ar fi produs sau nu s-ar fi produs \u00een aceast\u0103 form\u0103. Acestea includ \u0219i contribu\u021biile preg\u0103titoare sau de sprijin, cu condi\u021bia ca acestea s\u0103 fie cauzale pentru efectul de constr\u00e2ngere. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-objektive-zurechnung\">Atribuire obiectiv\u0103:  <\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Atribuire obiectiv\u0103<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rezultatul este obiectiv atribuibil dac\u0103 comportamentul autorului a creat sau a sporit un pericol dezaprobat din punct de vedere juridic pentru libera decizie \u0219i acest pericol se materializeaz\u0103 \u00een comportamentul for\u021bat al victimei. Presiunile obi\u0219nuite din punct de vedere social sau influen\u021ba legitim\u0103 nu justific\u0103 un astfel de pericol. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-qualifizierende-umstande\">Circumstan\u021be agravante<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=105&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 105 StGB<\/a> nu con\u021bine calific\u0103ri tipice \u00een elementul obiectiv.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Caracterul adecvat social conform alin. 2<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fapta nu este ilegal\u0103 <strong>dac\u0103 violen\u021ba sau amenin\u021barea, prin natura \u0219i scopul lor, nu contravin bunelor moravuri<\/strong>. Aceast\u0103 excep\u021bie are un efect limitativ strict. Aceasta se refer\u0103 doar la situa\u021biile \u00een care influen\u021ba exercitat\u0103 este acceptat\u0103 social \u0219i este propor\u021bional\u0103. Violen\u021ba sau amenin\u021b\u0103rile care \u00eencalc\u0103 integritatea corporal\u0103 sau demnitatea persoanei afectate nu sunt niciodat\u0103 adecvate din punct de vedere social.   <\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eF\u00fcr eine strafbare N\u00f6tigung z\u00e4hlt nicht die subjektive Empfindlichkeit des Opfers, sondern der objektiv erkennbare Zwang, der seine Entscheidungsfreiheit tats\u00e4chlich bricht.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Consulta\u021bie ini\u021bial\u0103 gratuit\u0103\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Alege\u021bi acum data dorit\u0103:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Consulta\u021bie ini\u021bial\u0103 gratuit\u0103<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-abgrenzung-zu-anderen-delikten\">Delimitarea de alte infrac\u021biuni<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Elementul constitutiv al constr\u00e2ngerii conform <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=105&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 105 StGB<\/a> este prezent atunci c\u00e2nd o persoan\u0103 este determinat\u0103 printr-<strong>violen\u021b\u0103<\/strong> sau <strong>amenin\u021bare periculoas\u0103<\/strong> la un anumit comportament \u0219i, prin urmare, libera sa decizie este restr\u00e2ns\u0103 \u00een mod considerabil. Decisiv\u0103 este presiunea obiectiv\u0103 care este exercitat\u0103 asupra persoanei afectate \u0219i o oblig\u0103 la un comportament pe care nu l-ar fi adoptat f\u0103r\u0103 influen\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/drept-penal\/lipsirea-de-libertate\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 99 StGB \u2013 Lipsirea de libertate:<\/a><\/strong> Este inclus\u0103 simpla re\u021binere sau \u00eencarcerare a unei persoane \u00eempotriva sau f\u0103r\u0103 voin\u021ba sa. Accentul se pune pe restric\u021bionarea libert\u0103\u021bii de mi\u0219care. Dac\u0103 nu se for\u021beaz\u0103 nicio ac\u021biune, tolerare sau omisiune, se aplic\u0103 \u00a7 99 StGB. Numai dac\u0103 re\u021binerea serve\u0219te la for\u021barea unui anumit comportament, se ia \u00een considerare suplimentar constr\u00e2ngerea.   <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/drept-penal\/rapire-cu-scop-de-santaj\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 102 StGB \u2013 R\u0103pirea cu scop de \u0219antaj:<\/a><\/strong> Acest element constitutiv necesit\u0103 o situa\u021bie de \u00eemputernicire cu scopul de a exercita presiuni asupra unui ter\u021b. Accentul se pune pe situa\u021bia de \u0219antaj. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=105&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 105 StGB<\/a> se refer\u0103, \u00een schimb, la constr\u00e2ngerea direct\u0103 asupra victimei \u00een sine. Ambele elemente constitutive se suprapun dac\u0103 \u00eemputernicirea unei victime este utilizat\u0103 \u00een acela\u0219i timp pentru a for\u021ba un comportament asupra persoanei r\u0103pite.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00a7 106 StGB \u2013 <strong>Constr\u00e2ngere grav\u0103<\/strong>:<\/strong> \u00a7 106 StGB reprezint\u0103 o form\u0103 calificat\u0103 de constr\u00e2ngere \u0219i presupune un mod de exercitare a constr\u00e2ngerii deosebit de periculos sau de radical, de exemplu, prin amenin\u021b\u0103ri calificate sau prin provocarea unui dezavantaj grav. \u00a7 106 StGB se bazeaz\u0103 pe <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=105&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 105 StGB<\/a> \u0219i \u00eel \u00eenlocuie\u0219te dac\u0103 sunt \u00eendeplinite condi\u021biile elementului constitutiv calificat. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00a7 107 StGB \u2013 Amenin\u021bare periculoas\u0103:<\/strong> Amenin\u021barea periculoas\u0103 conform \u00a7 107 StGB este o infrac\u021biune de sine st\u0103t\u0103toare. Aceasta include prezentarea unui r\u0103u considerabil, f\u0103r\u0103 a fi necesar s\u0103 se ajung\u0103 efectiv la un comportament for\u021bat. Constr\u00e2ngerea presupune, \u00een schimb, c\u0103 constr\u00e2ngerea <strong>duce la un comportament<\/strong>. Acolo unde amenin\u021barea este deja pedepsit\u0103 \u00een sine \u0219i nu se for\u021beaz\u0103 niciun comportament, se aplic\u0103 \u00a7 107 StGB.   <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-konkurrenzen\">Concuren\u021be:<\/h3>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-echte-konkurrenz\">Concuren\u021b\u0103 real\u0103: <\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Concuren\u021ba real\u0103 este prezent\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd la constr\u00e2ngere se adaug\u0103 <strong>alte infrac\u021biuni independente<\/strong>, cum ar fi lipsirea de libertate conform \u00a7 99 StGB, v\u0103t\u0103marea corporal\u0103 sau infrac\u021biuni de amenin\u021bare independente. <strong>Exercitarea constr\u00e2ngerii<\/strong> justific\u0103 atunci mai multe r\u0103spunderi penale independente una de cealalt\u0103. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-unechte-konkurrenz\">Concuren\u021b\u0103 fals\u0103:<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O \u00eenlocuire conform principiului de specialitate este luat\u0103 \u00een considerare numai dac\u0103 un <strong>element constitutiv mai special<\/strong> acoper\u0103 complet exercitarea constr\u00e2ngerii. \u00cen cazul constr\u00e2ngerilor calificate, <strong>\u00a7 106 StGB \u00eenlocuie\u0219te<\/strong> elementul constitutiv de baz\u0103 al <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=105&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 105 StGB<\/a>. \u00cen toate celelalte cazuri, constr\u00e2ngerea r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00een vigoare.  <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tatmehrheit\">Pluralitate de fapte: <\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Oricine constr\u00e2nge mai multe persoane \u00een momente diferite sau \u00een mai multe procese separate comite <strong>mai multe fapte independente<\/strong>. Procesele individuale sunt evaluate separat. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-fortgesetzte-handlung\">Ac\u021biune continuat\u0103: <\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O situa\u021bie de constr\u00e2ngere de lung\u0103 durat\u0103 constituie o <strong>fapt\u0103 unitar\u0103<\/strong>, at\u00e2ta timp c\u00e2t <strong>violen\u021ba sau amenin\u021barea<\/strong> sunt men\u021binute f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eentrerupere semnificativ\u0103 \u0219i constr\u00e2ngerea urm\u0103re\u0219te un <strong>scop comportamental identic<\/strong>. Fapta se \u00eencheie de \u00eendat\u0103 ce constr\u00e2ngerea sau scopul influen\u021bei \u00eenceteaz\u0103. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-beweislast-amp-beweiswurdigung\">Sarcina probei \u0219i aprecierea probelor<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-staatsanwaltschaft\">Parchet: <\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Procuratura are sarcina de a dovedi existen\u021ba <strong>violen\u021bei<\/strong> sau a <strong>amenin\u021b\u0103rii periculoase<\/strong>, pentru <strong>impactul concret asupra libert\u0103\u021bii de decizie<\/strong> a victimei, precum \u0219i pentru <strong>leg\u0103tura cauzal\u0103<\/strong> dintre mijlocul de constr\u00e2ngere \u0219i comportamentul for\u021bat. Aceasta demonstreaz\u0103 c\u0103 persoana afectat\u0103 a fost determinat\u0103 \u00een mod obiectiv, ca urmare a influen\u021bei, s\u0103 efectueze, s\u0103 tolereze sau s\u0103 omit\u0103 o ac\u021biune. De asemenea, trebuie demonstrat c\u0103 influen\u021ba a fost <strong>serioas\u0103<\/strong>, <strong>adecvat\u0103<\/strong> \u0219i <strong>recognoscibil\u0103 din exterior<\/strong> \u0219i, prin urmare, a creat o situa\u021bie de constr\u00e2ngere real\u0103, de care victima nu s-a putut sustrage.  <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-gericht\">Instan\u021b\u0103: <\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instan\u021ba examineaz\u0103 \u0219i evalueaz\u0103 toate probele \u00een contextul general. Aceasta nu utilizeaz\u0103 probe inadecvate sau ob\u021binute ilegal. Decisiv este dac\u0103 <strong>constr\u00e2ngerea a fost obiectiv recognoscibil\u0103<\/strong>, dac\u0103 violen\u021ba sau amenin\u021barea a fost <strong>cu adev\u0103rat apt\u0103<\/strong> s\u0103 \u00eenfr\u00e2ng\u0103 libera formare a voin\u021bei \u0219i dac\u0103 victima a fost efectiv determinat\u0103 s\u0103 adopte comportamentul solicitat. Instan\u021ba constat\u0103 dac\u0103 a existat un <strong>mecanism de constr\u00e2ngere<\/strong> care s\u0103 sus\u021bin\u0103 elementul constitutiv \u0219i s\u0103 submineze \u00een mod semnificativ libertatea de decizie protejat\u0103.   <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-beschuldigte-person\">Persoan\u0103 acuzat\u0103: <\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Persoana acuzat\u0103 nu are sarcina probei. Cu toate acestea, aceasta poate ridica \u00eendoieli cu privire la aplicarea violen\u021bei pretinse, cu privire la <strong>seriozitatea sau calitatea amenin\u021b\u0103rii<\/strong>, cu privire la <strong>influen\u021ba real\u0103 asupra form\u0103rii voin\u021bei<\/strong> sau cu privire la leg\u0103tura cauzal\u0103 dintre amenin\u021bare, violen\u021b\u0103 \u0219i comportamentul victimei. De asemenea, aceasta poate indica contradic\u021bii, lacune \u00een probe sau expertize neclare.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dovezi tipice sunt materialele video sau de supraveghere privind aplicarea violen\u021bei sau decorurile amenin\u021b\u0103toare, istoricul comunic\u0103rilor digitale, mesajele cu caracter amenin\u021b\u0103tor, \u00eenregistr\u0103rile audio, datele de localizare, urmele de la locuri sau obiecte care indic\u0103 un efect de constr\u00e2ngere, precum \u0219i documenta\u021bia privind v\u0103t\u0103m\u0103rile corporale sau reac\u021biile psihice care corespund cu aplicarea violen\u021bei sau amenin\u021b\u0103rii pretinse. \u00cen cazuri speciale, se iau \u00een considerare \u0219i expertizele psihologice sau medicale, \u00een special atunci c\u00e2nd este vorba de evaluarea <strong>seriozit\u0103\u021bii<\/strong> amenin\u021b\u0103rii sau a <strong>efectului de constr\u00e2ngere<\/strong> al violen\u021bei. <\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-peter-harlander\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/ph100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Peter Harlander<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eGerichte \u00fcberzeugen nicht \u00dcberschriften, sondern <strong>klar belegbare Zwangssituationen<\/strong>, die zeigen, wie Gewalt oder Drohung die Entscheidungsfreiheit des Opfers tats\u00e4chlich gebrochen haben.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Consulta\u021bie ini\u021bial\u0103 gratuit\u0103\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Alege\u021bi acum data dorit\u0103:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Consulta\u021bie ini\u021bial\u0103 gratuit\u0103<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-praxisbeispiele\">Exemple practice<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Amenin\u021barea cu un dezavantaj concret legat de personalitate:<\/strong> O persoan\u0103 solicit\u0103 unei cuno\u0219tin\u021be s\u0103 fac\u0103 o anumit\u0103 declara\u021bie \u0219i anun\u021b\u0103 c\u0103, \u00een caz contrar, va transmite <strong>un videoclip privat compromi\u021b\u0103tor<\/strong> familiei acesteia. Victima recunoa\u0219te c\u0103 publicarea ar reprezenta o <strong>ingerin\u021b\u0103 sensibil\u0103 \u00een via\u021ba sa privat\u0103<\/strong> \u0219i \u00eendepline\u0219te cererea. Amenin\u021barea este <strong>concret\u0103, serioas\u0103 \u0219i obiectiv apt\u0103<\/strong> s\u0103 provoace o team\u0103 justificat\u0103.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>For\u021barea unei omisiuni prin intimidare fizic\u0103 credibil\u0103:<\/strong> Un autor \u00eent\u00e2lne\u0219te un martor al unei dispute anterioare \u0219i \u00eei spune c\u0103 \u201eva avea probleme\u201d dac\u0103 relateaz\u0103 incidentul la poli\u021bie. \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, se apropie at\u00e2t de mult de ea \u00eenc\u00e2t aceasta consider\u0103 <strong>un atac fizic iminent<\/strong> ca fiind serios posibil. Martorul renun\u021b\u0103 ulterior la declara\u021bie, deoarece amenin\u021barea are un efect <strong>credibil \u0219i imediat<\/strong>. Amenin\u021barea r\u0103m\u00e2ne sub pragul constr\u00e2ngerii grave, dar este <strong>clar periculoas\u0103 \u00een sensul <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=105&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 105 StGB<\/a>.<\/strong>   <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aceste exemple arat\u0103 c\u0103 deja <strong>generarea sau men\u021binerea unei constr\u00e2ngeri serioase<\/strong>, care se bazeaz\u0103 pe <strong>violen\u021b\u0103<\/strong> sau <strong>amenin\u021bare periculoas\u0103<\/strong>, \u00eendepline\u0219te elementul constitutiv al constr\u00e2ngerii \u00een sensul <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=105&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 105 StGB<\/a>. Decisiv\u0103 este <strong>influen\u021ba obiectiv recognoscibil\u0103 asupra libert\u0103\u021bii de decizie<\/strong> a victimei, care merge at\u00e2t de departe \u00eenc\u00e2t aceasta efectueaz\u0103 sau omite comportamentul solicitat doar din acest motiv. Este irelevant dac\u0103 amenin\u021barea are un efect personal, social, fizic sau situa\u021bional; decisiv\u0103 este <strong>aptitudinea mijlocului de constr\u00e2ngere<\/strong> de a \u00eenfr\u00e2nge libera formare a voin\u021bei \u0219i de a determina un comportament determinat de al\u021bii.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-subjektiver-tatbestand\">Situa\u021bia de fapt subiectiv\u0103<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Autorul ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 <strong>inten\u021bionat<\/strong>. Acesta \u0219tie sau accept\u0103 cel pu\u021bin <strong>\u00een mod serios<\/strong> c\u0103 influen\u021beaz\u0103 o persoan\u0103 prin <strong>violen\u021b\u0103<\/strong> sau <strong>amenin\u021bare periculoas\u0103<\/strong> \u0219i, prin urmare, afecteaz\u0103 <strong>libera sa decizie<\/strong>. Acesta recunoa\u0219te c\u0103 ac\u021biunea sa are ca scop determinarea victimei la un anumit comportament \u0219i accept\u0103 \u00een mod con\u0219tient situa\u021bia de constr\u00e2ngere rezultat\u0103 ca o posibil\u0103 consecin\u021b\u0103.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este necesar ca autorul s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 c\u0103 influen\u021ba sa este <strong>obiectiv apt\u0103<\/strong> s\u0103 determine victima s\u0103 adopte, s\u0103 tolereze sau s\u0103 omit\u0103 ac\u021biunea solicitat\u0103. Este suficient ca acesta s\u0103 <strong>considere posibil efectul amenin\u021b\u0103rii sau al violen\u021bei \u0219i s\u0103 se \u00eempace cu acesta<\/strong>. O inten\u021bie care dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te acest lucru nu este necesar\u0103.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nu exist\u0103 inten\u021bie dac\u0103 autorul presupune \u00een mod serios c\u0103 victima adopt\u0103 comportamentul s\u0103u <strong>voluntar<\/strong> \u0219i nu \u00een\u021belege sau nu trebuie s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 influen\u021ba ca o constr\u00e2ngere. Aceasta se refer\u0103, de exemplu, la cazurile \u00een care autorul presupune \u00een mod eronat c\u0103 cealalt\u0103 persoan\u0103 este de acord cu comportamentul sau nu se simte amenin\u021bat\u0103. Oricine crede c\u0103 persoana afectat\u0103 ar ac\u021biona f\u0103r\u0103 presiuni nu \u00eendepline\u0219te elementul subiectiv.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Decisiv este faptul c\u0103 autorul creeaz\u0103 \u00een mod con\u0219tient un <strong>efect de constr\u00e2ngere<\/strong> sau cel pu\u021bin \u00eel accept\u0103 \u0219i c\u0103 recunoa\u0219te c\u0103 comportamentul s\u0103u are un efect <strong>determinant de al\u021bii<\/strong> asupra libert\u0103\u021bii de decizie a victimei. Oricine \u0219tie sau cel pu\u021bin accept\u0103 tacit c\u0103 violen\u021ba sau amenin\u021barea \u00eenfr\u00e2nge libera formare a voin\u021bei, ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 inten\u021bionat \u0219i \u00eendepline\u0219te astfel elementul subiectiv al <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=105&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 105 StGB<\/a>. <\/p>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Consulta\u021bie ini\u021bial\u0103 gratuit\u0103\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Alege\u021bi acum data dorit\u0103:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Consulta\u021bie ini\u021bial\u0103 gratuit\u0103<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-schuld-amp-irrtumer\">Vinov\u0103\u021bie \u0219i erori<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/drept-penal\/eroare-de-drept\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Eroare de interdic\u021bie<\/a>:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O eroare de interdic\u021bie scuz\u0103 doar dac\u0103 a fost <strong>inevitabil\u0103<\/strong>. Cine stabile\u0219te un comportament care <strong>intervine \u00een mod recognoscibil \u00een drepturile altora<\/strong>, nu se poate prevala de faptul c\u0103 nu a recunoscut ilegalitatea. Fiecare este obligat s\u0103 se informeze cu privire la <strong>limitele legale<\/strong> ale ac\u021biunilor sale. O simpl\u0103 necunoa\u0219tere sau o eroare neglijent\u0103 nu elibereaz\u0103 de responsabilitate.   <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Principiul vinov\u0103\u021biei:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este pedepsit doar cine ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 <strong>cu vinov\u0103\u021bie<\/strong>. Infrac\u021biunile inten\u021bionate necesit\u0103 ca autorul s\u0103 recunoasc\u0103 evenimentele esen\u021biale \u0219i s\u0103 le <strong>accepte cel pu\u021bin tacit<\/strong>. Dac\u0103 lipse\u0219te aceast\u0103 inten\u021bie, de exemplu, deoarece autorul presupune \u00een mod eronat c\u0103 comportamentul s\u0103u este permis sau este <strong>sus\u021binut de bun\u0103voie<\/strong>, exist\u0103 cel mult neglijen\u021b\u0103. Aceasta nu este suficient\u0103 \u00een cazul infrac\u021biunilor inten\u021bionate.   <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Incapacitate de imputare:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nicio vin\u0103 nu revine cuiva care, la momentul faptei, nu a fost \u00een m\u0103sur\u0103 s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 injusti\u021bia ac\u021biunilor sale sau s\u0103 ac\u021bioneze conform acestei \u00een\u021belegeri din cauza unei <strong>tulbur\u0103ri psihice severe<\/strong>, a unei <strong>afect\u0103ri mintale patologice<\/strong> sau a unei <strong>incapacit\u0103\u021bi semnificative de control<\/strong>. \u00cen cazul unor \u00eendoieli corespunz\u0103toare, se ob\u021bine o <strong>expertiz\u0103 psihiatric\u0103<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/drept-penal\/stare-de-necesitate-scuzabila\/\">Stare de necesitate scuzabil\u0103<\/a>:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O stare de necesitate scuzabil\u0103 poate exista dac\u0103 autorul ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00eentr-o <strong>situa\u021bie de constr\u00e2ngere extrem\u0103<\/strong> pentru a \u00eendep\u0103rta un <strong>pericol acut<\/strong> pentru propria via\u021b\u0103 sau pentru via\u021ba altora. Comportamentul r\u0103m\u00e2ne ilegal, dar poate avea un efect <strong>de reducere a vinov\u0103\u021biei<\/strong> sau scuzabil dac\u0103 nu a existat o alt\u0103 cale de ie\u0219ire. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/drept-penal\/asumarea-eronata-a-unei-situatii-de-fapt-justificative\/\">Autoap\u0103rare putativ\u0103<\/a>:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 cineva crede \u00een mod eronat c\u0103 are dreptul la o ac\u021biune de ap\u0103rare, ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 inten\u021bie, dac\u0103 eroarea a fost <strong>serioas\u0103 \u0219i u\u0219or de \u00een\u021beles<\/strong>. O astfel de eroare poate <strong>reduce sau exclude vinov\u0103\u021bia<\/strong>. Cu toate acestea, dac\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne o \u00eenc\u0103lcare a obliga\u021biei de diligen\u021b\u0103, se poate lua \u00een considerare o evaluare neglijent\u0103 sau atenuant\u0103, dar nu o justificare.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strafaufhebung-amp-diversion\">Anularea pedepsei \u0219i abaterea<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-diversion\">Diversiunea:<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O deviere este \u00een principiu posibil\u0103 \u00een cazul <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=105&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 105 StGB<\/a>, dar <strong>numai \u00een cazul unei culpe reduse<\/strong> \u0219i al <strong>situa\u021biilor de constr\u00e2ngere u\u0219or de gestionat<\/strong>. Constr\u00e2ngerea acoper\u0103 un spectru larg, motiv pentru care o solu\u021bionare prin deviere este luat\u0103 \u00een considerare numai dac\u0103 mijlocul de constr\u00e2ngere utilizat a fost <strong>minor<\/strong>, <strong>de scurt\u0103 durat\u0103<\/strong> sau <strong>f\u0103r\u0103 consecin\u021be grave<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O deviere poate fi examinat\u0103 dac\u0103<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>culpa autorului este redus\u0103<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>amenin\u021barea sau violen\u021ba a fost <strong>doar de mic\u0103 importan\u021b\u0103<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>victima <strong>nu a fost intimidat\u0103 sau pus\u0103 \u00een pericol \u00een mod semnificativ<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>nu a fost construit un mecanism de constr\u00e2ngere durabil<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>situa\u021bia de fapt este <strong>u\u0219or de gestionat \u0219i clar\u0103<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0219i autorul este <strong>imediat \u00een\u021beleg\u0103tor<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 se ia \u00een considerare o deviere, instan\u021ba poate dispune presta\u021bii b\u0103ne\u0219ti, munc\u0103 \u00een folosul comunit\u0103\u021bii sau o compensare a faptei.<br\/>O deviere nu duce la <strong>nicio condamnare<\/strong> \u0219i la <strong>nicio \u00eenregistrare \u00een cazierul judiciar<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ausschluss-der-diversion\">Excluderea diversific\u0103rii:<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O diversiune este exclus\u0103 dac\u0103<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>victima a fost <strong>amenin\u021bat\u0103 \u00een mod semnificativ<\/strong> sau <strong>atacat\u0103 fizic<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>autorul a aplicat <strong>violen\u021b\u0103 masiv\u0103<\/strong> sau a emis o <strong>amenin\u021bare periculoas\u0103 serioas\u0103<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a fost construit\u0103 o <strong>constr\u00e2ngere clar\u0103 sau continu\u0103<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sau dac\u0103 comportamentul reprezint\u0103 \u00een general o <strong>\u00eenc\u0103lcare grav\u0103 a bunurilor personale protejate<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Numai \u00een cazul unei <strong>culpe reduse<\/strong>, \u00een cazul <strong>ne\u00een\u021belegerilor cu privire la efectul amenin\u021b\u0103rii<\/strong> sau \u00een cazul unei <strong>\u00een\u021belegeri imediate<\/strong>, instan\u021ba poate examina dac\u0103 exist\u0103 un caz excep\u021bional.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eStrafzumessung in F\u00e4llen der N\u00f6tigung bedeutet, die gesetzliche Strafdrohung mit der <strong>Intensit\u00e4t des ausge\u00fcbten Zwangs<\/strong>, der <strong>Ernstlichkeit der Drohung<\/strong> und der <strong>tats\u00e4chlichen Beeintr\u00e4chtigung der Entscheidungsfreiheit<\/strong> des Opfers in Einklang zu bringen.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Consulta\u021bie ini\u021bial\u0103 gratuit\u0103\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Alege\u021bi acum data dorit\u0103:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Consulta\u021bie ini\u021bial\u0103 gratuit\u0103<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strafzumessung-amp-folgen\">Stabilirea pedepsei \u0219i consecin\u021be<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instan\u021ba stabile\u0219te pedeapsa \u00een func\u021bie de <strong>natura \u0219i intensitatea violen\u021bei aplicate sau a amenin\u021b\u0103rilor periculoase<\/strong>, de durata \u0219i efectul situa\u021biei de constr\u00e2ngere, precum \u0219i de m\u0103sura \u00een care a fost afectat\u0103 \u00een mod real libera decizie a victimei. Factorul decisiv este dac\u0103 f\u0103ptuitorul plaseaz\u0103 sau men\u021bine \u00een mod con\u0219tient victima \u00eentr-o situa\u021bie \u00een care aceasta <strong>nu se poate sustrage<\/strong> comportamentului cerut \u0219i dac\u0103 utilizarea mijlocului de constr\u00e2ngere are loc <strong>planificat sau intensificat<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-erschwerungsgrunde-bestehen-insbesondere-wenn\">Motivele agravante exist\u0103 \u00een special dac\u0103<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>situa\u021bia de constr\u00e2ngere este men\u021binut\u0103 o perioad\u0103 mai lung\u0103 de timp<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>amenin\u021barea are un efect deosebit de p\u0103trunz\u0103tor, realist sau drastic<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>se aplic\u0103 violen\u021ba sau victima sufer\u0103 traume psihice semnificative<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>f\u0103ptuitorul ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een mod repetat sau organizat<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>amenin\u021barea vizeaz\u0103 dezavantaje personale sau economice considerabile<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sau exist\u0103 <strong>antecedente penale relevante<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-milderungsgrunde-sind-etwa\">Motivele atenuante sunt, de exemplu<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Integritatea<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>o m\u0103rturisire complet\u0103 \u0219i o \u00een\u021belegere evident\u0103<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>o \u00eencetare imediat\u0103 a constr\u00e2ngerii<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>eforturi serioase de desp\u0103gubire<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>o situa\u021bie de stres psihologic excep\u021bional\u0103 a f\u0103ptuitorului<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sau <strong>o durat\u0103 excesiv\u0103 a procedurii<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O <strong>pedeaps\u0103 cu \u00eenchisoarea<\/strong> poate fi <strong>suspendat\u0103 condi\u021bionat<\/strong> de c\u0103tre instan\u021b\u0103, dac\u0103 nu dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te doi ani \u0219i f\u0103ptuitorul prezint\u0103 un <strong>prognostic social pozitiv<\/strong>. \u00cen cazul pedepselor mai lungi, se poate lua \u00een considerare o <strong>suspendare par\u021bial condi\u021bionat\u0103<\/strong>. \u00cen plus, instan\u021ba poate dispune <strong>instruc\u021biuni<\/strong>, cum ar fi terapie, desp\u0103gubirea daunelor, consiliere sau alte m\u0103suri care s\u0103 sprijine reabilitarea legal\u0103.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strafrahmen\">Limitele pedepsei<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen cazul infrac\u021biunii de constr\u00e2ngere, conform <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=105&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">art. 105 din Codul Penal<\/a>, pedeapsa este de <strong>\u00eenchisoare de p\u00e2n\u0103 la un an<\/strong> sau <strong>amend\u0103 de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 720 de zile-amend\u0103<\/strong>. Aceast\u0103 pedeaps\u0103 se aplic\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna c\u00e2nd o persoan\u0103 este determinat\u0103, prin violen\u021b\u0103 sau amenin\u021bare grav\u0103, s\u0103 adopte, s\u0103 tolereze sau s\u0103 omit\u0103 un anumit comportament. Relevant\u0103 este <strong>restr\u00e2ngerea sensibil\u0103 a libert\u0103\u021bii de decizie<\/strong> a victimei prin mijloacele de coerci\u021bie utilizate.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nu exist\u0103 o limit\u0103 de pedeaps\u0103 mai bl\u00e2nd\u0103. Legiuitorul trateaz\u0103 fiecare form\u0103 de constr\u00e2ngere ilegal\u0103 a voin\u021bei ca pe un delict independent, indiferent dac\u0103 efectul coercitiv este mai mult sau mai pu\u021bin pronun\u021bat \u00een fiecare caz \u00een parte.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cadrul penal mai ridicat al \u00a7 106 StGB<\/strong> se aplic\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd constr\u00e2ngerea este comis\u0103 <strong>\u00een circumstan\u021be deosebit de \u00eempov\u0103r\u0103toare sau intense<\/strong>, de exemplu, dac\u0103 amenin\u021barea este deosebit de drastic\u0103, utilizarea violen\u021bei are o greutate considerabil\u0103 sau constr\u00e2ngerea prezint\u0103 un pericol semnificativ sporit. \u00cen aceste cazuri, fapta nu mai este evaluat\u0103 conform <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=105&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 105 StGB<\/a>, ci conform \u00a7 106 StGB. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O atenuare legal\u0103 a pedepsei prin retragerea voluntar\u0103 a amenin\u021b\u0103rii sau prin dezamorsarea ulterioar\u0103 a situa\u021biei nu este prev\u0103zut\u0103 \u00een lege. O astfel de conduit\u0103 poate fi luat\u0103 \u00een considerare de instan\u021b\u0103 doar <strong>\u00een cadrul cadrului penal existent<\/strong>, dar nu poate duce la o reducere a amenin\u021b\u0103rii penale legale. <\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-peter-harlander\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/ph100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Peter Harlander<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eGeldstrafen sind bei der N\u00f6tigung h\u00e4ufig ausreichend, doch dort, wo <strong>beharrlicher Druck<\/strong>, <strong>intensivere Drohungen<\/strong> oder eine <strong>sp\u00fcrbare Einschr\u00e4nkung der Entscheidungsfreiheit<\/strong> \u00fcber einen l\u00e4ngeren Zeitraum wirken, r\u00fcckt regelm\u00e4\u00dfig die Freiheitsstrafe in den Vordergrund.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-geldstrafe-tagessatzsystem\">Amenda \u2013 sistemul de cote zilnice<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dreptul penal austriac calculeaz\u0103 amenzile \u00een func\u021bie de <strong>sistemul de cote zilnice<\/strong>. <strong>Num\u0103rul de cote zilnice<\/strong> depinde de <strong>vinov\u0103\u021bie<\/strong>, <strong>suma pe zi<\/strong> depinde de <strong>capacitatea financiar\u0103<\/strong>. \u00cen acest fel, pedeapsa este adaptat\u0103 la circumstan\u021bele personale \u0219i r\u0103m\u00e2ne totu\u0219i vizibil\u0103.  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Interval:<\/strong> p\u00e2n\u0103 la <strong>720 de cote zilnice<\/strong> \u2013 minimum <strong>4 euro<\/strong>, maximum <strong>5.000 de euro<\/strong> pe zi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Formul\u0103 practic\u0103:<\/strong> Aproximativ <strong>6 luni de \u00eenchisoare corespund la aproximativ 360 de cote zilnice<\/strong>. Aceast\u0103 conversie serve\u0219te doar ca <strong>orientare<\/strong> \u0219i <strong>nu este o schem\u0103 rigid\u0103<\/strong>. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00cen caz de neplat\u0103:<\/strong> Instan\u021ba poate impune o <strong>pedeaps\u0103 cu \u00eenchisoarea de substitu\u021bie<\/strong>. De regul\u0103, se aplic\u0103 urm\u0103toarele: <strong>1 zi de pedeaps\u0103 cu \u00eenchisoarea de substitu\u021bie corespunde la 2 cote zilnice<\/strong>. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-hinweis\">Not\u0103:<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen cazul constr\u00e2ngerii conform <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=105&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 105 StGB<\/a>, o amend\u0103 este realist\u0103 \u00een multe cazuri, mai ales dac\u0103 mijlocul de constr\u00e2ngere a avut o greutate redus\u0103 \u0219i nu au survenit consecin\u021be grave. Pedeapsa cu \u00eenchisoarea trece pe prim-plan doar atunci c\u00e2nd amenin\u021barea sau violen\u021ba a fost <strong>mai intens\u0103<\/strong>, <strong>mai persistent\u0103<\/strong> sau <strong>cu efecte vizibile<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-freiheitsstrafe-amp-teil-bedingte-nachsicht\">Pedeapsa cu \u00eenchisoarea \u0219i clemen\u021b\u0103 (par\u021bial) condi\u021bionat\u0103<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a7 37 StGB: Dac\u0103 amenin\u021barea penal\u0103 legal\u0103 ajunge p\u00e2n\u0103 la cinci ani, instan\u021ba poate impune o amend\u0103 \u00een locul unei pedepse scurte cu \u00eenchisoarea de maximum un an. Aceast\u0103 posibilitate exist\u0103 \u00een totalitate \u00een cazul <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=105&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 105 StGB<\/a><\/strong>, deoarece cadrul penal este de <strong>p\u00e2n\u0103 la un an de \u00eenchisoare<\/strong> sau <strong>amend\u0103 de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 720 de unit\u0103\u021bi zilnice<\/strong>. Prin urmare, instan\u021ba poate verifica \u00een mod expres dac\u0103 o pedeaps\u0103 scurt\u0103 cu \u00eenchisoarea este \u00eenlocuit\u0103 cu o amend\u0103.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a7 43 StGB: O pedeaps\u0103 cu \u00eenchisoarea poate fi suspendat\u0103 condi\u021bionat dac\u0103 <strong>nu dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te doi ani<\/strong> \u0219i infractorul are un <strong>prognostic social pozitiv<\/strong>.<br\/>Aceast\u0103 posibilitate exist\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 restric\u021bii \u00een cazul <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=105&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 105 StGB<\/a>, deoarece sunt posibile pedepse cu \u00eenchisoarea de p\u00e2n\u0103 la un an. \u00cen practic\u0103, suspendarea condi\u021bionat\u0103 este adesea aplicat\u0103 \u00een cazul constr\u00e2ngerii, dac\u0103 amenin\u021barea sau violen\u021ba a fost <strong>minor\u0103<\/strong> \u0219i nu a existat un model de constr\u00e2ngere pronun\u021bat. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a7 43a StGB: Suspendarea par\u021bial condi\u021bionat\u0103 permite combinarea unei p\u0103r\u021bi <strong>necondi\u021bionate<\/strong> \u0219i a unei p\u0103r\u021bi <strong>condi\u021bionate<\/strong> a unei pedepse cu \u00eenchisoarea. Aceasta este posibil\u0103 \u00een cazul pedepselor cuprinse \u00eentre <strong>mai mult de \u0219ase luni \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 la doi ani<\/strong>. Deoarece \u00een elementul de baz\u0103 al <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=105&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 105 StGB<\/a> pot fi impuse pedepse cu \u00eenchisoarea de peste \u0219ase luni \u00een cazuri individuale, o suspendare par\u021bial condi\u021bionat\u0103 <strong>este \u00een principiu luat\u0103 \u00een considerare<\/strong>, \u00een special \u00een situa\u021bii de constr\u00e2ngere unice, mai pu\u021bin intense. Cu toate acestea, \u00een cazul unor scenarii de amenin\u021bare continue sau deosebit de drastice, aceasta este aplicat\u0103 cu mai mult\u0103 re\u021binere.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/drept-penal\/asistenta-de-probatiune-si-instructiuni\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7\u00a7 50 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 52 StGB:<\/a> Instan\u021ba poate emite suplimentar <strong>instruc\u021biuni<\/strong> \u0219i poate dispune <strong>ajutor de proba\u021biune<\/strong>. Instruc\u021biunile tipice se refer\u0103, de exemplu, la desp\u0103gubirea daunelor, interdic\u021bii de contact, antrenamente anti-agresiune, discu\u021bii de consiliere sau alte m\u0103suri care servesc la stabilizarea infractorului. Scopul este o <strong>prob\u0103 legal\u0103 durabil\u0103<\/strong> \u0219i <strong>evitarea altor situa\u021bii de constr\u00e2ngere<\/strong>, \u00een special \u00een cazurile \u00een care victima a fost intimidat\u0103 pentru o perioad\u0103 mai lung\u0103 de timp sau exist\u0103 o nevoie special\u0103 de protec\u021bie. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-zustandigkeit-der-gerichte\">Competen\u021ba instan\u021belor<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sachliche-zustandigkeit\">Competen\u021ba material\u0103<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen cazul constr\u00e2ngerii conform <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=105&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 105 StGB<\/a>, <strong>\u00een principiu, tribunalul districtual<\/strong> este competent, deoarece cadrul penal ajunge <strong>p\u00e2n\u0103 la un an de \u00eenchisoare sau amend\u0103<\/strong>. Este vorba despre o <strong>infrac\u021biune<\/strong>, care este judecat\u0103 \u00een mod regulat \u00een fa\u021ba <strong>judec\u0103torului unic<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O competen\u021b\u0103 a tribunalului regional apare doar atunci c\u00e2nd se dovede\u0219te \u00een cadrul procedurii c\u0103 fapta nu se mai afl\u0103 \u00een domeniul de aplicare al <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=105&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 105 StGB<\/a>, ci este \u00eendeplinit\u0103 <strong>forma mai grav\u0103 a constr\u00e2ngerii<\/strong>. \u00cen aceste cazuri, <strong>tribunalul cu jura\u021bi<\/strong> este competent, deoarece cadrul penal mai ridicat deschide competen\u021ba decizional\u0103 a tribunalului regional. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nu este prev\u0103zut un tribunal cu jura\u021bi, deoarece amenin\u021barea penal\u0103 nu \u00eendepline\u0219te cerin\u021bele pentru competen\u021ba acestuia nici \u00een cazul <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=105&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 105 StGB<\/a>, nici \u00een cazul cazurilor calificate.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ortliche-zustandigkeit\">Competen\u021ba teritorial\u0103<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Competent\u0103 este <strong>instan\u021ba de la locul faptei<\/strong>. Este relevant \u00een special, <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>unde a fost rostit\u0103 amenin\u021barea<\/strong> sau <strong>unde a fost aplicat\u0103 violen\u021ba<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>unde victima a fost determinat\u0103 s\u0103 aib\u0103 un anumit comportament<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sau <strong>unde s-a aflat punctul central al exercit\u0103rii constr\u00e2ngerii<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 locul faptei nu poate fi determinat cu exactitate, competen\u021ba se stabile\u0219te \u00een func\u021bie de<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>domiciliul persoanei acuzate<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>locul arest\u0103rii<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sau <strong>sediul parchetului competent<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Procedura se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 acolo unde este cel mai bine asigurat\u0103 o <strong>desf\u0103\u0219urare adecvat\u0103 \u0219i ordonat\u0103<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-instanzenzug\">Calea de atac<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cempotriva unei hot\u0103r\u00e2ri a tribunalului districtual este posibil\u0103 o <strong>apel la tribunalul regional<\/strong>.<br\/>Deciziile tribunalului regional pot fi contestate ulterior prin <strong>recurs \u00een anulare sau un alt apel<\/strong> la <strong>Curtea Suprem\u0103<\/strong>.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eZivilanspr\u00fcche machen im N\u00f6tigungsverfahren sichtbar, dass das Opfer <strong>nicht nur Objekt des Zwangs<\/strong>, sondern auch <strong>Inhaber durchsetzbarer Rechte<\/strong> bleibt.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-zivilanspruche-im-strafverfahren\">Preten\u021bii civile \u00een cadrul procesului penal<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen cazul constr\u00e2ngerii conform <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=105&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 105 StGB<\/a>, victima \u00eens\u0103\u0219i sau rudele apropiate pot face valuri preten\u021bii de drept civil \u00een cadrul procedurii penale ca <strong>p\u0103r\u021bi v\u0103t\u0103mate<\/strong>. Acestea includ <strong>daune morale<\/strong>, <strong>costuri de terapie \u0219i tratament<\/strong>, <strong>pierderea veniturilor<\/strong>, <strong>costuri de \u00eengrijire<\/strong>, <strong>costuri de asisten\u021b\u0103 psihologic\u0103<\/strong>, precum \u0219i desp\u0103gubiri pentru <strong>suferin\u021b\u0103 psihic\u0103<\/strong> \u0219i alte daune consecutive. Aceste preten\u021bii sunt legate de <strong>amenin\u021barea sau violen\u021ba<\/strong> tr\u0103it\u0103, <strong>afectarea libert\u0103\u021bii de decizie<\/strong> \u0219i de stresul psihic sau fizic rezultat.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Conectarea p\u0103r\u021bii v\u0103t\u0103mate<\/strong> suspend\u0103 prescrip\u021bia tuturor preten\u021biilor invocate, at\u00e2ta timp c\u00e2t procedura penal\u0103 este \u00een curs de desf\u0103\u0219urare. Termenul de prescrip\u021bie \u00eencepe s\u0103 curg\u0103 din nou abia dup\u0103 \u00eencheierea definitiv\u0103 a procedurii, \u00een m\u0103sura \u00een care preten\u021bia nu a fost acordat\u0103 integral. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O <strong>desp\u0103gubire voluntar\u0103 a daunelor<\/strong>, cum ar fi o scuz\u0103 sincer\u0103, o compensa\u021bie financiar\u0103 sau un sprijin activ acordat victimei, poate avea un efect de atenuare a pedepsei, cu condi\u021bia ca aceasta s\u0103 aib\u0103 loc <strong>\u00een timp util<\/strong>, <strong>\u00een mod credibil<\/strong> \u0219i <strong>\u00een totalitate<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cu toate acestea, dac\u0103 infractorul a creat o <strong>amenin\u021bare deosebit de intimidant\u0103<\/strong>, a exercitat o <strong>violen\u021b\u0103 vizibil\u0103<\/strong>, a provocat efecte psihice sau fizice considerabile sau a <strong>exploatat f\u0103r\u0103 scrupule<\/strong> situa\u021bia de constr\u00e2ngere, o desp\u0103gubire ulterioar\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i pierde, de regul\u0103, efectul atenuant. \u00cen astfel de cazuri, aceasta nu mai poate compensa nedreptatea comis\u0103. <\/p>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Consulta\u021bie ini\u021bial\u0103 gratuit\u0103\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Alege\u021bi acum data dorit\u0103:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Consulta\u021bie ini\u021bial\u0103 gratuit\u0103<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strafverfahren-im-uberblick\">Procesul penal pe scurt<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u00cenceputul anchetei:<\/strong> Dob\u00e2ndirea calit\u0103\u021bii de suspect \u00een cazul unei suspiciuni concrete; de atunci, drepturi depline de suspect.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Poli\u021bie\/Parchet:<\/strong> Parchetul conduce, poli\u021bia criminal\u0103 ancheteaz\u0103; Scop: \u00eencetarea, diversificarea sau acuzarea.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Audierea suspectului:<\/strong> Informare prealabil\u0103; implicarea unui avocat ap\u0103r\u0103tor duce la am\u00e2nare; dreptul la t\u0103cere r\u0103m\u00e2ne.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Consultarea dosarului:<\/strong> la poli\u021bie\/parchet\/instan\u021b\u0103; include \u0219i mijloace de prob\u0103 (\u00een m\u0103sura \u00een care scopul anchetei nu este periclitat).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0218edin\u021ba principal\u0103:<\/strong> administrarea oral\u0103 a probelor, hot\u0103r\u00e2re; decizie cu privire la preten\u021biile p\u0103r\u021bii v\u0103t\u0103mate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-beschuldigtenrechte\">Drepturile inculpatului<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Informare &amp; Ap\u0103rare:<\/strong> Dreptul la notificare, asisten\u021b\u0103 juridic\u0103, alegerea liber\u0103 a avocatului ap\u0103r\u0103tor, asisten\u021b\u0103 de traducere, cereri de probe.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u0103cere &amp; Avocat:<\/strong> Dreptul la t\u0103cere \u00een orice moment; \u00een cazul implic\u0103rii unui avocat ap\u0103r\u0103tor, audierea trebuie am\u00e2nat\u0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Obliga\u021bia de informare:<\/strong> informare \u00een timp util cu privire la suspiciune\/drepturi; excep\u021bii numai pentru a asigura scopul anchetei.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Consultarea practic\u0103 a dosarului:<\/strong> Dosarele de anchet\u0103 \u0219i de procedur\u0103 principal\u0103; consultarea de c\u0103tre ter\u021bi este limitat\u0103 \u00een favoarea suspectului.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Consulta\u021bie ini\u021bial\u0103 gratuit\u0103\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Alege\u021bi acum data dorit\u0103:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Consulta\u021bie ini\u021bial\u0103 gratuit\u0103<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-praxis-amp-verhaltenstipps\">Practic\u0103 \u0219i sfaturi de comportament<\/h2>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>P\u0103stra\u021bi t\u0103cerea.<\/strong><br\/>O scurt\u0103 explica\u021bie este suficient\u0103: \u201e\u00cemi exercit dreptul de a p\u0103stra t\u0103cerea \u0219i voi vorbi mai \u00eent\u00e2i cu ap\u0103rarea mea.\u201d Acest drept este valabil \u00eenc\u0103 de la prima audiere de c\u0103tre poli\u021bie sau parchet. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Contacta\u021bi imediat ap\u0103rarea.<\/strong><br\/>Nu ar trebui f\u0103cut\u0103 nicio declara\u021bie f\u0103r\u0103 a consulta dosarele de anchet\u0103. Abia dup\u0103 consultarea dosarului, ap\u0103rarea poate evalua ce strategie \u0219i ce asigurare a probelor sunt utile. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Asigura\u021bi imediat probele.<\/strong><br\/>\u00centocmi\u021bi rapoarte medicale, fotografii cu data \u0219i scara, eventual radiografii sau tomografii computerizate. P\u0103stra\u021bi separat hainele, obiectele \u0219i \u00eenregistr\u0103rile digitale. \u00centocmi\u021bi o list\u0103 de martori \u0219i protocoale de memorie \u00een cel mult dou\u0103 zile.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nu lua\u021bi leg\u0103tura cu partea advers\u0103.<\/strong><br\/>Propriile mesaje, apeluri sau post\u0103ri pot fi folosite ca probe \u00eempotriva dumneavoastr\u0103. Toat\u0103 comunicarea ar trebui s\u0103 se fac\u0103 exclusiv prin intermediul ap\u0103r\u0103rii. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Asigura\u021bi \u00eenregistr\u0103rile video \u0219i de date \u00een timp util.<\/strong><br\/>\u00cenregistr\u0103rile video de supraveghere din mijloacele de transport \u00een comun, localuri sau de la administra\u021biile imobiliare sunt adesea \u0219terse automat dup\u0103 c\u00e2teva zile. Cererile de asigurare a datelor trebuie, prin urmare, depuse imediat la operatori, poli\u021bie sau parchet. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Documenta\u021bi perchezi\u021biile \u0219i confisc\u0103rile.<\/strong><br\/>\u00cen cazul perchezi\u021biilor domiciliare sau al confisc\u0103rilor, ar trebui s\u0103 solicita\u021bi o copie a ordinului sau a procesului-verbal. Nota\u021bi data, ora, persoanele implicate \u0219i toate obiectele luate. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00cen caz de arestare: nicio declara\u021bie cu privire la fapt\u0103.<\/strong><br\/>Insista\u021bi asupra inform\u0103rii imediate a ap\u0103r\u0103rii dumneavoastr\u0103. Arestarea preventiv\u0103 poate fi dispus\u0103 numai \u00een cazul unei suspiciuni \u00eentemeiate \u0219i a unui motiv suplimentar de arestare. M\u0103surile mai bl\u00e2nde (de exemplu, angajamentul, obliga\u021bia de raportare, interdic\u021bia de contact) sunt prioritare.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Preg\u0103ti\u021bi \u00een mod specific repararea prejudiciului.<\/strong><br\/>Pl\u0103\u021bile sau ofertele de desp\u0103gubire ar trebui s\u0103 fie procesate \u0219i documentate exclusiv prin intermediul ap\u0103r\u0103rii. O reparare structurat\u0103 a prejudiciului are un efect pozitiv asupra diversific\u0103rii \u0219i stabilirii pedepsei. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ihre-vorteile-mit-anwaltlicher-unterstutzung\">Avantajele dumneavoastr\u0103 cu asisten\u021b\u0103 juridic\u0103<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O procedur\u0103 pentru constr\u00e2ngere se num\u0103r\u0103 printre domeniile mai solicitante ale dreptului penal. Acuza\u021biile se refer\u0103 la esen\u021ba libert\u0103\u021bii personale de decizie \u0219i sunt adesea marcate de \u00eentreb\u0103ri complexe privind <strong>intensitatea amenin\u021b\u0103rilor<\/strong>, <strong>situa\u021biile de percep\u021bie<\/strong>, <strong>comportamentul voluntar<\/strong> \u0219i <strong>efectul presiunii psihice<\/strong>. Adesea, este controversat dac\u0103 amenin\u021barea a fost \u00eentr-adev\u0103r clasificat\u0103 ca fiind periculoas\u0103 sau dac\u0103 comportamentul victimei a fost influen\u021bat de al\u021bi factori personali, sociali sau profesionali.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 exist\u0103 o constr\u00e2ngere penal\u0103, depinde \u00een mod esen\u021bial de faptul dac\u0103 influen\u021ba infractorului a fost obiectiv adecvat\u0103 pentru a \u00eenc\u0103lca <strong>libera decizie a voin\u021bei<\/strong> \u0219i pentru a determina comportamentul victimei. Chiar \u0219i mici diferen\u021be \u00een formularea unei amenin\u021b\u0103ri, \u00een situa\u021bia concret\u0103 de \u00eent\u00e2lnire sau \u00een rela\u021bia existent\u0103 \u00eentre p\u0103r\u021bile implicate pot schimba decisiv evaluarea juridic\u0103. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O reprezentare juridic\u0103 timpurie asigur\u0103 faptul c\u0103 probele sunt colectate corect, declara\u021biile sunt clasificate \u00een mod adecvat \u0219i sunt elaborate argumente solide. Doar o analiz\u0103 juridic\u0103 precis\u0103 arat\u0103 dac\u0103 exist\u0103 o constr\u00e2ngere penal\u0103 sau dac\u0103 acuza\u021bia se bazeaz\u0103 pe ne\u00een\u021belegeri, suprainterpret\u0103ri sau circumstan\u021be neclare. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Firma noastr\u0103 de avocatur\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>verific\u0103 dac\u0103 a existat o amenin\u021bare sau violen\u021b\u0103 periculoas\u0103 din punct de vedere juridic sau dac\u0103 ac\u021biunea trebuie evaluat\u0103 diferit \u00een contextul concret,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>analizeaz\u0103 declara\u021biile, mesajele \u0219i situa\u021biile de \u00eent\u00e2lnire pentru contradic\u021bii sau acuza\u021bii incoerente,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>v\u0103 protejeaz\u0103 \u00een mod fiabil \u00een \u00eentreaga procedur\u0103 \u00eempotriva prezent\u0103rilor unilaterale,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0219i dezvolt\u0103 o strategie de ap\u0103rare structurat\u0103, care s\u0103 reflecte complet \u0219i realist situa\u021bia dumneavoastr\u0103 real\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O reprezentare clar\u0103 \u0219i profesional\u0103 asigur\u0103 faptul c\u0103 acuza\u021bia de constr\u00e2ngere este verificat\u0103 corect din punct de vedere juridic \u0219i c\u0103 <strong>toate circumstan\u021bele relevante<\/strong> sunt luate \u00een considerare.<\/p>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Consulta\u021bie ini\u021bial\u0103 gratuit\u0103\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Alege\u021bi acum data dorit\u0103:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Consulta\u021bie ini\u021bial\u0103 gratuit\u0103<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-faq-haufig-gestellte-fragen\">\u00centreb\u0103ri frecvente<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq uagb-faq__outer-wrap uagb-block-FAQ-NOTIGUNG uagb-faq-icon-row uagb-faq-layout-accordion uagb-faq-expand-first-true uagb-faq-inactive-other-true uagb-faq__wrap uagb-buttons-layout-wrap uagb-faq-equal-height     \" data-faqtoggle=\"true\" role=\"tablist\"><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/harlander-partner.eu\\\/ro\\\/drept-penal\\\/constrangere\\\/\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"C\\u00e2nd exist\\u0103 o constr\\u00e2ngere penal\\u0103 conform \\u00a7 105 StGB?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Exist\\u0103 o constr\\u00e2ngere penal\\u0103 atunci c\\u00e2nd cineva oblig\\u0103 o alt\\u0103 persoan\\u0103 cu violen\\u021b\\u0103 sau cu o amenin\\u021bare periculoas\\u0103 la un comportament pe care altfel nu l-ar avea. Este important ca influen\\u021ba s\\u0103 restr\\u00e2ng\\u0103 \\u00een mod vizibil libertatea de decizie, iar victima s\\u0103 nu se poat\\u0103 sustrage \\u00een mod realist presiunii. Nu orice conflict nepl\\u0103cut este automat constr\\u00e2ngere, decisive fiind intensitatea \\u0219i efectul influen\\u021bei \\u00een cazul concret.  \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Este suficient\\u0103 o anun\\u021bare a dezavantajelor profesionale deja pentru o constr\\u00e2ngere?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Amenin\\u021b\\u0103rile cu dezavantaje profesionale pot reprezenta o constr\\u00e2ngere, dac\\u0103 sunt serioase \\u0219i sunt obiectiv adecvate pentru a construi o presiune considerabil\\u0103. Decisiv este dac\\u0103 victima, de team\\u0103 de un dezavantaj vizibil, \\u00ee\\u0219i schimb\\u0103 decizia \\u0219i cedeaz\\u0103 cererii. Consecin\\u021bele obi\\u0219nuite ale dreptului muncii \\u00een cadrul unui comportament disciplinar corect nu reprezint\\u0103, \\u00een schimb, de obicei, o constr\\u00e2ngere, at\\u00e2ta timp c\\u00e2t r\\u0103m\\u00e2n obiective \\u0219i propor\\u021bionale.  \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Este o amenin\\u021bare, de asemenea, pedepsit\\u0103, dac\\u0103 infractorul sus\\u021bine ulterior c\\u0103 a fost doar o glum\\u0103?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Chiar dac\\u0103 infractorul vorbe\\u0219te ulterior despre o glum\\u0103, poate exista o constr\\u00e2ngere, dac\\u0103 anun\\u021bul a avut un efect serios \\u0219i amenin\\u021b\\u0103tor asupra victimei. Decisiv\\u0103 nu este explica\\u021bia ulterioar\\u0103, ci modul \\u00een care situa\\u021bia trebuia \\u00een\\u021beleas\\u0103 \\u00een mod obiectiv. Dac\\u0103 o persoan\\u0103 medie ar \\u00een\\u021belege cuvintele ca o amenin\\u021bare serioas\\u0103 cu un r\\u0103u considerabil, acuza\\u021bia penal\\u0103 r\\u0103m\\u00e2ne valabil\\u0103 din punct de vedere juridic.  \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Ce pedepse sunt amenin\\u021bate \\u00een cazul unei condamn\\u0103ri pentru constr\\u00e2ngere?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"\\u00cen cazul elementului de baz\\u0103 al constr\\u00e2ngerii conform \\u00a7 105 StGB, sunt amenin\\u021bate pedepse cu \\u00eenchisoarea de p\\u00e2n\\u0103 la un an sau amenzi de p\\u00e2n\\u0103 la 720 de unit\\u0103\\u021bi zilnice. Dac\\u0103 se impune mai degrab\\u0103 o amend\\u0103 sau o pedeaps\\u0103 cu \\u00eenchisoarea, depinde de intensitatea amenin\\u021b\\u0103rii sau a violen\\u021bei \\u0219i de consecin\\u021bele pentru victim\\u0103. Antecedentele penale, \\u00een\\u021belegerea, desp\\u0103gubirea daunelor \\u0219i comportamentul \\u00een cadrul procedurii au, de asemenea, un efect suplimentar asupra cuantumului concret al pedepsei.  \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Ce ar trebui s\\u0103 fac dac\\u0103 m\\u0103 simt constr\\u00e2ns de amenin\\u021b\\u0103ri sau presiuni?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Dac\\u0103 v\\u0103 sim\\u021bi\\u021bi constr\\u00e2ns, ar trebui s\\u0103 documenta\\u021bi cu aten\\u021bie orice comunicare ulterioar\\u0103 \\u0219i s\\u0103 nu face\\u021bi promisiuni pripite. C\\u0103uta\\u021bi consiliere juridic\\u0103 c\\u00e2t mai cur\\u00e2nd posibil, astfel \\u00eenc\\u00e2t drepturile dumneavoastr\\u0103 s\\u0103 fie asigurate \\u0219i probele necesare s\\u0103 fie asigurate \\u00een timp util. Cu c\\u00e2t este implicat mai devreme un ap\\u0103r\\u0103tor sau un reprezentant al victimei competent, cu at\\u00e2t mai bine pot fi evitate erorile \\u0219i poate fi dezvoltat\\u0103 o strategie adecvat\\u0103.  \"}}]}<\/script><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-NOTIGUNG-Q1 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">C\u00e2nd exist\u0103 o constr\u00e2ngere penal\u0103 conform \u00a7 105 StGB?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Exist\u0103 o constr\u00e2ngere penal\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd cineva oblig\u0103 o alt\u0103 persoan\u0103 cu violen\u021b\u0103 sau cu o amenin\u021bare periculoas\u0103 la un comportament pe care altfel nu l-ar avea. Este important ca influen\u021ba s\u0103 restr\u00e2ng\u0103 \u00een mod vizibil libertatea de decizie, iar victima s\u0103 nu se poat\u0103 sustrage \u00een mod realist presiunii. Nu orice conflict nepl\u0103cut este automat constr\u00e2ngere, decisive fiind intensitatea \u0219i efectul influen\u021bei \u00een cazul concret.  <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-NOTIGUNG-Q2 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Este suficient\u0103 o anun\u021bare a dezavantajelor profesionale deja pentru o constr\u00e2ngere?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Amenin\u021b\u0103rile cu dezavantaje profesionale pot reprezenta o constr\u00e2ngere, dac\u0103 sunt serioase \u0219i sunt obiectiv adecvate pentru a construi o presiune considerabil\u0103. Decisiv este dac\u0103 victima, de team\u0103 de un dezavantaj vizibil, \u00ee\u0219i schimb\u0103 decizia \u0219i cedeaz\u0103 cererii. Consecin\u021bele obi\u0219nuite ale dreptului muncii \u00een cadrul unui comportament disciplinar corect nu reprezint\u0103, \u00een schimb, de obicei, o constr\u00e2ngere, at\u00e2ta timp c\u00e2t r\u0103m\u00e2n obiective \u0219i propor\u021bionale.  <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-NOTIGUNG-Q3 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Este o amenin\u021bare, de asemenea, pedepsit\u0103, dac\u0103 infractorul sus\u021bine ulterior c\u0103 a fost doar o glum\u0103?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Chiar dac\u0103 infractorul vorbe\u0219te ulterior despre o glum\u0103, poate exista o constr\u00e2ngere, dac\u0103 anun\u021bul a avut un efect serios \u0219i amenin\u021b\u0103tor asupra victimei. Decisiv\u0103 nu este explica\u021bia ulterioar\u0103, ci modul \u00een care situa\u021bia trebuia \u00een\u021beleas\u0103 \u00een mod obiectiv. Dac\u0103 o persoan\u0103 medie ar \u00een\u021belege cuvintele ca o amenin\u021bare serioas\u0103 cu un r\u0103u considerabil, acuza\u021bia penal\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne valabil\u0103 din punct de vedere juridic.  <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-NOTIGUNG-Q4 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Ce pedepse sunt amenin\u021bate \u00een cazul unei condamn\u0103ri pentru constr\u00e2ngere?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>\u00cen cazul elementului de baz\u0103 al constr\u00e2ngerii conform \u00a7 105 StGB, sunt amenin\u021bate pedepse cu \u00eenchisoarea de p\u00e2n\u0103 la un an sau amenzi de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 720 de unit\u0103\u021bi zilnice. Dac\u0103 se impune mai degrab\u0103 o amend\u0103 sau o pedeaps\u0103 cu \u00eenchisoarea, depinde de intensitatea amenin\u021b\u0103rii sau a violen\u021bei \u0219i de consecin\u021bele pentru victim\u0103. Antecedentele penale, \u00een\u021belegerea, desp\u0103gubirea daunelor \u0219i comportamentul \u00een cadrul procedurii au, de asemenea, un efect suplimentar asupra cuantumului concret al pedepsei.  <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-NOTIGUNG-Q5 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Ce ar trebui s\u0103 fac dac\u0103 m\u0103 simt constr\u00e2ns de amenin\u021b\u0103ri sau presiuni?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Dac\u0103 v\u0103 sim\u021bi\u021bi constr\u00e2ns, ar trebui s\u0103 documenta\u021bi cu aten\u021bie orice comunicare ulterioar\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 nu face\u021bi promisiuni pripite. C\u0103uta\u021bi consiliere juridic\u0103 c\u00e2t mai cur\u00e2nd posibil, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t drepturile dumneavoastr\u0103 s\u0103 fie asigurate \u0219i probele necesare s\u0103 fie asigurate \u00een timp util. Cu c\u00e2t este implicat mai devreme un ap\u0103r\u0103tor sau un reprezentant al victimei competent, cu at\u00e2t mai bine pot fi evitate erorile \u0219i poate fi dezvoltat\u0103 o strategie adecvat\u0103.  <\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Consulta\u021bie ini\u021bial\u0103 gratuit\u0103\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Alege\u021bi acum data dorit\u0103:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Consulta\u021bie ini\u021bial\u0103 gratuit\u0103<\/span><\/a>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Constr\u00e2ngere Constr\u00e2ngerea conform \u00a7 105 StGB este prezent\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd o persoan\u0103 este determinat\u0103 prin violen\u021b\u0103 sau amenin\u021bare periculoas\u0103 s\u0103 adopte, s\u0103 omit\u0103 sau s\u0103 tolereze un comportament. \u00cen centrul &#8230;","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":0,"parent":45855,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1012],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-91511","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-drept-penal"],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"336x":false,"352x":false,"woocommerce_thumbnail":false,"woocommerce_single":false,"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":false,"yarpp-thumbnail":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Simon Prem","author_link":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/author\/simon-prem\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Constr\u00e2ngere Constr\u00e2ngerea conform \u00a7 105 StGB este prezent\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd o persoan\u0103 este determinat\u0103 prin violen\u021b\u0103 sau amenin\u021bare periculoas\u0103 s\u0103 adopte, s\u0103 omit\u0103 sau s\u0103 tolereze un comportament. \u00cen centrul ...","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/91511","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=91511"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/91511\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/45855"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=91511"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=91511"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=91511"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}