{"id":94762,"date":"2025-12-01T09:30:00","date_gmt":"2025-12-01T08:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/criminal-law\/stalking\/"},"modified":"2025-12-01T09:46:38","modified_gmt":"2025-12-01T08:46:38","slug":"stalking","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/criminal-law\/stalking\/","title":{"rendered":"Stalking"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Stalking<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-beharrliche-verfolgung\" data-level=\"2\">Stalking<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-objektiver-tatbestand\" data-level=\"2\">objective elements of the offence<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-prufungsschritte\" data-level=\"3\">Steps of legal assessment<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-abgrenzung-zu-anderen-delikten\" data-level=\"2\">Distinction from other offences<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-konkurrenzen\" data-level=\"3\">Concurrences:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-beweislast-amp-beweiswurdigung\" data-level=\"2\">Burden of proof and evaluation of evidence<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-staatsanwaltschaft\" data-level=\"3\">Public prosecutor&#8217;s office:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-gericht\" data-level=\"3\">Court:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-beschuldigte-person\" data-level=\"3\">Accused person:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-praxisbeispiele\" data-level=\"2\">Practical example<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-subjektiver-tatbestand\" data-level=\"2\">subjective elements of the offence<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-schuld-amp-irrtumer\" data-level=\"2\">Culpability and mistakes<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-strafaufhebung-amp-diversion\" data-level=\"2\">Extinction of punishment and diversion<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-diversion\" data-level=\"3\">Diversion:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-ausschluss-der-diversion\" data-level=\"3\">Exclusion of Diversion:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-strafzumessung-amp-folgen\" data-level=\"2\">Sentencing and consequences<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-erschwerungsgrunde-bestehen-insbesondere-wenn\" data-level=\"3\">Aggravating Factors Exist in Particular If<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-milderungsgrunde-sind-etwa\" data-level=\"3\">Mitigating Factors Include<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-strafrahmen\" data-level=\"2\">Penalty Range<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-geldstrafe-tagessatzsystem\" data-level=\"2\">Monetary Penalty \u2013 Day-fine System<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-freiheitsstrafe-amp-teil-bedingte-nachsicht\" data-level=\"2\">Imprisonment and (partially) suspended sentence<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-zustandigkeit-der-gerichte\" data-level=\"2\">Jurisdiction of the courts<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-sachliche-zustandigkeit\" data-level=\"3\">Subject-matter Jurisdiction<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-ortliche-zustandigkeit\" data-level=\"3\">Local Jurisdiction<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-instanzenzug\" data-level=\"3\">Hierarchy of Courts<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-zivilanspruche-im-strafverfahren\" data-level=\"2\">Civil claims in criminal proceedings<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-strafverfahren-im-uberblick\" data-level=\"2\">Overview of criminal proceedings<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-beschuldigtenrechte\" data-level=\"2\">Rights of the accused<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-praxis-amp-verhaltenstipps\" data-level=\"2\">Practical guidance and behavioural advice<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-ihre-vorteile-mit-anwaltlicher-unterstutzung\" data-level=\"2\">Your Benefits with Legal Assistance<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-faq-haufig-gestellte-fragen\" data-level=\"2\">FAQ &#8211; Frequently Asked Questions<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-beharrliche-verfolgung\">Stalking<\/h2>\n\n<p>Persistent Stalking according to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=107a&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\">\u00a7 107a StGB<\/a> encompasses any prolonged, continuous influence on a person that is objectively capable of unreasonably impairing their way of life. The legislator thus covers typical stalking acts, such as repeatedly seeking the victim&#8217;s physical proximity, constantly initiating communication, fraudulently ordering goods in the name of the affected person, or causing third parties to make contact. The publication of facts or images from the highly personal domain also falls under this. The overall assessment is always decisive: The individual actions must be carried out over a longer period and, in their totality, cause severe psychological distress or restrict the free conduct of life. The norm aims to prevent a person from being harmed in their privacy, security, and self-determination by systematic, intrusive, and relentless interference.    <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-f014c6a5 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-60e61cc5\">\n<p>Stalking, also known as persistent pursuit, is continuous, unreasonably impairing harassment or pestering over a longer period that significantly restricts a person&#8217;s private life.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-613eb3e6\"><picture>\n\t\t<source srcset=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7107a-Beharrliche-Verfolgung-352x198.webp\" >\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-picture-small\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7107a-Beharrliche-Verfolgung.webp\" alt=\"Persistent Stalking (\u00a7107a StGB), colloquially known as stalking. When harassment is punishable and what penalties apply. Learn more now.\" >\n\t<\/picture>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-peter-harlander\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/ph100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Peter Harlander<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eDer objektive Tatbestand der beharrlichen Verfolgung kn\u00fcpft nicht an subjektive Empfindlichkeiten an, sondern an ein Gesamtverhalten, das f\u00fcr jeden verst\u00e4ndigen Menschen unzumutbar wirkt.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-objektiver-tatbestand\">objective elements of the offence<\/h2>\n\n<p>The objective elements of the offense of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=107a&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\">\u00a7 107a StGB<\/a> Persistent Stalking cover any outwardly recognizable behavior that <strong>extends over a certain duration<\/strong>, <strong>occurs continuously<\/strong>, and is <strong>objectively capable<\/strong> of <strong>unreasonably impairing<\/strong> a person&#8217;s way of life. What is protected is the freedom to shape one&#8217;s daily life without constant observation, harassment, or pressure. The decisive factor is the <strong>overall pattern of behavior<\/strong>, not the perpetrator&#8217;s inner motivation. The victim does not actually have to feel fear; it is sufficient that the behavior is objectively capable of generating significant psychological pressure.   <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-prufungsschritte\">Steps of legal assessment<\/h3>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tatsubjekt\">Perpetrator:<\/h4>\n\n<p>Any person can be a perpetrator who <strong>continues the described actions over a longer period<\/strong> or has them carried out by third parties. A special position or relationship with the victim is not required. The decisive factor is that the behavior remains <strong>objektiv zurechenbar<\/strong> (objectively attributable) to the perpetrator.  <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tatobjekt\">Object of the Offense:<\/h4>\n\n<p>The object of the offense is any person whose <strong>free conduct of life<\/strong> is impaired by the behavior. The norm particularly protects <strong>privacy<\/strong>, personal security, and the ability to organize daily life without interference. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tathandlung\">Act: <\/h4>\n\n<p>The criminal act is the central element of the offense. Persistent Stalking requires <strong>continuous<\/strong>, <strong>repeated<\/strong>, and <strong>evidently persistent<\/strong> behavior over a certain period. The actions must form a <strong>distressing overall pattern<\/strong> that, according to general life experience, is capable of impairing the victim&#8217;s way of life.  <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-gesetzliche-definition\">Legal Definition<\/h4>\n\n<p>According to \u00a7 107a para. 2 StGB, persistent stalking occurs when someone <strong>repeatedly and over a longer period<\/strong> performs certain actions that are objectively capable of <strong>noticeably burdening<\/strong> another person&#8217;s life. The law names five typical behaviors. They share the characteristic that the perpetrator <strong>continuously interferes with the victim&#8217;s daily life<\/strong>, thereby causing an <strong>unreasonable impairment<\/strong>.   <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-wiederholtes-aufsuchen-der-raumlichen-nahe\">1. Repeatedly seeking physical proximity<\/h4>\n\n<p>The perpetrator regularly appears at places where the victim usually stays. This creates the impression of constant observation or pursuit. <strong>Individual encounters are not sufficient<\/strong>; the recurring pattern is decisive. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-fortgesetzte-kontaktaufnahme-uber-kommunikationsmittel-oder-uber-dritte\">2. Continuous contact via communication means or through third parties<\/h4>\n\n<p>The perpetrator persistently contacts the victim \u2013 through calls, messages, social media, or via third parties. It concerns <strong>persistent, unwanted influence<\/strong>, not isolated attempts at contact. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-bestellen-von-waren-oder-dienstleistungen-im-namen-des-opfers\">3. Ordering goods or services in the victim&#8217;s name<\/h4>\n\n<p>Through the misuse of personal data, deliveries or services are triggered that burden the victim organizationally, financially, or emotionally. Typical is the feeling <strong>of loss of control<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-veranlassen-dritter-zur-kontaktaufnahme\">4. Causing third parties to make contact<\/h4>\n\n<p>The perpetrator activates third parties \u2013 for example, through fake advertisements or manipulated profiles \u2013 so that the victim is contacted by unknown persons. This leads to <strong>unforeseeable, permanent disruptions<\/strong> of daily life. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-5-veroffentlichung-hochstpersonlicher-tatsachen-oder-bilder\">5. Publication of highly personal facts or images<\/h4>\n\n<p>Without consent, intimate or particularly private information or images are published. Such publications regularly generate <strong>massive psychological pressure<\/strong> and can have social or professional consequences. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-taterfolg\">Result of the Offense:<\/h4>\n\n<p>A separate outcome of the offense is not required. It is sufficient that the acts of stalking are <strong>continued over a certain period<\/strong> and are objectively capable of <strong>unreasonably impairing<\/strong> the victim&#8217;s way of life. An actual complete change in daily life or demonstrable health consequences are not prerequisites, but they can influence the assessment of intensity.  <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-kausalitat\">Causality:<\/h4>\n\n<p>Causal is any behavior without which the overall pattern of stalking would not have arisen in this form. Indirect actions, such as involving or deploying third parties, are also included if they enable or intensify the persistent stalking. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-objektive-zurechnung\">Objective Attribution: <\/h4>\n\n<p>Behavior is objectively attributable if the perpetrator has created or increased a <strong>legally disapproved danger<\/strong>, and this danger materializes in the concrete impairment of the way of life. Not covered are <strong>random encounters<\/strong>, socially customary contacts, or isolated actions without an apparent intent to continue. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-qualifizierende-umstande\">Qualifying circumstances<\/h4>\n\n<p>\u00a7 107a subsection 3 StGB significantly tightens the penalty framework. An aggravated case occurs when <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the stalking <strong>lasts longer than one year<\/strong>, or<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>it results in the victim&#8217;s <strong>suicide or attempted suicide<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>These qualifications account for the particularly high risk potential of long-lasting or existentially burdensome acts of stalking.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/en\/about-us\/sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Attorneys<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eDie Abgrenzung zu anderen Delikten entscheidet dar\u00fcber, ob es um einen einzelnen \u00dcbergriff oder um ein systematisches Nachstellen mit eigener Strafw\u00fcrdigkeit geht.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-abgrenzung-zu-anderen-delikten\">Distinction from other offences<\/h2>\n\n<p>The offense of persistent stalking according to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=107a&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\">\u00a7 107a StGB<\/a> covers continuous behavior, built up over a longer period, which, in its overall pattern, is capable of unreasonably impairing a person&#8217;s way of life. The focus is on <strong>lasting, systematic influence<\/strong> that leads to continuous psychological distress and permanently restricts the personal freedom and protected sphere of life of the affected person. The wrongful content arises not from a single act, but from the <strong>repetition, duration, and persistence<\/strong> of the influences.  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/criminal-law\/coercion\/\">\u00a7 105 StGB \u2013 <strong>Coercion<\/strong>:<\/a><\/strong> Coercion protects the freedom of decision in individual cases and requires that the victim is forced into a specific action, tolerance, or omission. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=107a&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\">\u00a7 107a StGB<\/a>, however, does not refer to compelling behavior, but to <strong>persistent harassment<\/strong> that burdens the entire way of life. Both offenses can be realized concurrently, especially if additional pressure is exerted through stalking acts to compel specific behavior. Displacement does not occur, as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=107a&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\">\u00a7 107a StGB<\/a> concerns an independent protected interest.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00a7 107 StGB \u2013 Dangerous Threat:<\/strong> Dangerous threat differs from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=107a&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\">\u00a7 107a StGB<\/a> in that it requires a <strong>qualified act of threatening<\/strong>, through which a significant evil is announced. The pressure arises directly from the prospect of a severe disadvantage. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=107a&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\">\u00a7 107a StGB<\/a>, however, also covers <strong>entirely threat-free behaviors<\/strong>, provided they constitute an unreasonable burden in their overall pattern. While stalking can include threats, it does not require them. If both phenomena coincide, \u00a7 107 and \u00a7 107a regularly exist <strong>side by side<\/strong>, because the stalking goes beyond a single threat and constitutes an independent wrong.   <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-konkurrenzen\">Concurrences:<\/h3>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-echte-konkurrenz\">Genuine Concurrence: <\/h4>\n\n<p>True concurrence exists when additional independent offenses occur alongside persistent stalking, such as dangerous threat, coercion, property damage, data misuse, unauthorized image publication, trespassing, bodily harm, or deprivation of liberty. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=107a&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\">\u00a7 107a StGB<\/a> does not displace these offenses but regularly exists <strong>independently<\/strong> alongside them.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-unechte-konkurrenz\">Spurious Concurrence:<\/h4>\n\n<p>Displacement due to specialty only occurs if another norm <strong>fully<\/strong> covers the wrongfulness of persistent stalking. This is the case, for example, with <a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/criminal-law\/aggravated-coercion-2\/\" title=\"Forced marriage\">\u00a7 106a StGB<\/a>, if the entire harassment serves exclusively to compel a marriage. \u00a7 107c StGB can also establish specialty in individual cases if only publicly perceptible digital harassment is present.  <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tatmehrheit\">Multiple Offenses: <\/h4>\n\n<p>Plurality of offenses exists when the perpetrator stalks <strong>different persons<\/strong> or acts in <strong>temporally independent<\/strong> sequences that are not part of a single event. Each stalking situation is to be assessed as a separate offense. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-fortgesetzte-handlung\">Continued Action: <\/h4>\n\n<p>A single offense is assumed if the distressing behavior is maintained <strong>without significant interruption<\/strong> and the same purpose is pursued, particularly control, intimidation, or persistent impairment of the way of life. The offense ends when the harassment is abandoned or permanently interrupted. <\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-peter-harlander\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/ph100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Peter Harlander<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eIn Verfahren wegen beharrlicher Verfolgung steht und f\u00e4llt die Verurteilung mit der Frage, ob sich das behauptete Stalkingmuster beweisbar im Aktenbild widerspiegelt.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-beweislast-amp-beweiswurdigung\">Burden of proof and evaluation of evidence<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-staatsanwaltschaft\">Public Prosecutor&#8217;s Office: <\/h3>\n\n<p>The public prosecutor&#8217;s office must prove that the accused has <strong>repeatedly over a longer period<\/strong> stalked a person in a manner that was <strong>objectively capable<\/strong> of <strong>unreasonably impairing<\/strong> their way of life. Crucial is the proof that several concrete behaviors were committed that are <strong>typical for persistent stalking<\/strong> and have coalesced into a <strong>distressing overall pattern<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p>It must be proven, in particular, that<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the stalking was <strong>repeated and persistent<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the actions <strong>clearly went beyond random encounters or normal attempts at contact<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the overall behavior was realistically capable of <strong>noticeably restricting their daily life<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>The public prosecutor&#8217;s office must also demonstrate that the individual actions <strong>belong together<\/strong> and form a recognizable stalking pattern.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-gericht\">Court: <\/h3>\n\n<p>The court examines all evidence in its overall context and assesses whether the behavior, according to objective standards, was capable of <strong>permanently impairing<\/strong> the victim&#8217;s way of life. The central question is whether the influences, in their overall pattern, constitute an <strong>unreasonable burden<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p>In doing so, the court particularly considers:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Type, frequency, and duration<\/strong> of the actions,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the <strong>connection<\/strong> between the individual influences,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the intensity of interference in the personal sphere of life,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>whether a reasonable average person would perceive such behavior as <strong>massively disturbing and burdensome<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>The court clearly distinguishes it from misunderstandings, isolated incidents, or socially customary contacts.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-beschuldigte-person\">Accused Person: <\/h3>\n\n<p>The accused person bears <strong>no burden of proof<\/strong>. However, they can raise reasonable doubts, particularly regarding <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the actual repetition or duration of the alleged behaviors,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the question of whether they actually form a <strong>uniform stalking pattern<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the alleged burdensome effect,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>gaps, contradictions, or missing evidence in the victim&#8217;s account.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>They can also argue that certain incidents were <strong>not persistent<\/strong>, but rather accidental, socially customary, or misunderstood.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-typische-bewertung\">Typical Assessment<\/h4>\n\n<p>In practice, the following evidence is often decisive in cases of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=107a&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\">\u00a7 107a StGB<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>medical or psychological records, if the burden is to be demonstrably presented.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>video or photo recordings of repeated approaches or observations,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>location data or surveillance footage,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>evidence of fraudulent orders or unwanted contact mediation,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>published private images or information,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>witness statements regarding the accused&#8217;s <strong>repeated appearance<\/strong>,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/en\/about-us\/sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Attorneys<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201ePraxisbeispiele zeigen eindr\u00fccklich, dass Stalking selten aus einer einzigen spektakul\u00e4ren Handlung besteht, sondern aus vielen kleinen Grenz\u00fcberschreitungen, die sich zu einer massiven Belastung summieren.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-praxisbeispiele\">Practical example<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Repeatedly seeking physical proximity:<\/strong> A person <strong>intentionally appears repeatedly over several weeks<\/strong> in front of the victim&#8217;s home and workplace. The perpetrator adjusts their times to the victim&#8217;s daily routine because they have <strong>consciously observed and noted<\/strong> their routines. They make it clear in a message that they &#8220;will not stop showing up until you finally talk to me.&#8221;<br\/>The targeted harassment, the temporal adaptation to routines, and the explicit announcement to continue show <strong>clear intent<\/strong> to burden the affected person.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Continuous unwanted personal approaches:<\/strong> The perpetrator repeatedly seeks out the victim at different locations: in front of work, on the way home, in a supermarket parking lot. They once said directly: &#8220;If you keep ignoring me, I&#8217;ll just come more often.&#8221;<br\/>Although the victim has clearly communicated multiple times that they do not want contact, the perpetrator consciously continues their behavior, changes locations, and adjusts their presence times.<br\/>The persistence, the conscious reaction to rejection, and the explicit statement that they &#8220;will come more often&#8221; make the <strong>intent<\/strong> unambiguous. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>These examples show that persistent stalking exists where a perpetrator <strong>continuously<\/strong> and <strong>consciously<\/strong> interferes with a person&#8217;s daily life, thereby <strong>unreasonably impairing<\/strong> their way of life. Decisive factors are <strong>repetition<\/strong>, <strong>persistence<\/strong>, and a clearly recognizable burdensome effect. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-subjektiver-tatbestand\">subjective elements of the offence<\/h2>\n\n<p>The subjective elements of the offense of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=107a&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\">\u00a7 107a StGB<\/a> require <strong>intent<\/strong>. The perpetrator must recognize that their behavior is <strong>repeated<\/strong>, <strong>persistent<\/strong>, and <strong>burdensome<\/strong>, and can be objectively capable of <strong>unreasonably impairing<\/strong> the victim&#8217;s way of life. It is sufficient that they know or at least seriously expect that their continuous approaches, contacts, or other actions will be perceived as disturbing, harassing, or intrusive.  <\/p>\n\n<p>The perpetrator must therefore understand that their behavior, in its overall pattern, appears as <strong>persistent stalking<\/strong> and is typically capable of causing pressure, burden, or intrusions into privacy. A targeted specific intent is not required; <strong>dolus eventualis<\/strong> (conditional intent), i.e., the conscious acceptance of the burdensome effect, is usually sufficient. <\/p>\n\n<p>There is no intent if the perpetrator <strong>seriously<\/strong> assumes that their behavior <strong>is not perceived as harassment<\/strong>, for example, because they believe the contacts are accidental or socially customary. Anyone who mistakenly assumes that their behavior cannot disturb the victim or is completely irrelevant does not fulfill the subjective elements of the offense. <\/p>\n\n<p>Ultimately, it is decisive that the perpetrator either consciously aims for or at least knowingly accepts the possible effects of their <strong>continuous and unwanted interference<\/strong>. Therefore, anyone who knows or accepts that their repeated actions can significantly impair the victim&#8217;s way of life acts intentionally and fulfills the subjective elements of the offense of persistent stalking according to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=107a&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\">\u00a7 107a StGB<\/a>. <\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-peter-harlander\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/ph100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Peter Harlander<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eSchuld hei\u00dft im Stalkingverfahren nicht, dass jede ungeschickte Ann\u00e4herung bestraft wird, sondern dass gezielt fortgesetztes Nachstellen in Kenntnis der Belastung rechtliche Konsequenzen hat.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-schuld-amp-irrtumer\">Culpability and mistakes<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/criminal-law\/legal-error\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mistake of prohibition<\/a>:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n<p>A mistake of prohibition only excuses if it was <strong>unavoidable<\/strong>. Anyone who engages in conduct that <strong>recognizably interferes with the rights of others<\/strong> cannot claim that they did not recognize the illegality. Everyone is obliged to inform themselves about the <strong>legal limits<\/strong> of their actions. Mere ignorance or a reckless error does not absolve one of responsibility.   <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Principle of culpability:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n<p>Only those who act <strong>culpably<\/strong> are punishable. Intentional offenses require that the perpetrator recognizes the essential events and at least <strong>accepts them as a possibility<\/strong>. If this intent is lacking, for example, because the perpetrator mistakenly assumes that their behavior is permitted or is <strong>voluntarily supported<\/strong>, at most negligence exists. This is not sufficient for intentional offenses.   <\/p>\n\n<p>Incapacity to be held accountable:<\/p>\n\n<p>No guilt is attributed to someone who, at the time of the offense, was unable to recognize the injustice of their actions or to act in accordance with this insight due to a <strong>severe mental disorder<\/strong>, a <strong>pathological mental impairment<\/strong>, or a <strong>significant inability to control their actions<\/strong>. In case of corresponding doubts, a <strong>psychiatric assessment<\/strong> will be obtained. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/criminal-law\/exculpatory-necessity\/\">Excusable state of necessity<\/a>:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n<p>An excusable state of necessity may exist if the perpetrator acts in an <strong>extreme situation of duress<\/strong> in order to avert an <strong>acute danger<\/strong> to their own life or the lives of others. The behavior remains unlawful but can have a <strong>mitigating<\/strong> or excusing effect if there was no other way out. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/criminal-law\/erroneous-assumption-of-justifying-circumstances\/\">Putative self-defense<\/a>:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n<p>Anyone who mistakenly believes that they are entitled to an act of defense acts without intent if the error was <strong>serious and comprehensible<\/strong>. Such an error can <strong>reduce or exclude guilt<\/strong>. However, if a breach of duty of care remains, a negligent or mitigating assessment comes into consideration, but not a justification.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strafaufhebung-amp-diversion\">Extinction of punishment and diversion<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-diversion\">Diversion:<\/h3>\n\n<p>Diversion is generally possible in cases of persistent stalking. Since the offense requires continuous behavior, diversion largely depends on <strong>how pronounced, how long-lasting, and how burdensome<\/strong> the stalking was. In cases of <strong>short duration<\/strong>, <strong>low intensity<\/strong>, <strong>clear insight<\/strong>, and <strong>no prior record<\/strong>, a diversionary resolution <strong>does occur<\/strong> in practice. However, the clearer a systematic or long-lasting stalking pattern is recognizable, the less likely a diversionary solution becomes.   <\/p>\n\n<p>Diversion may be considered if<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the <strong>culpability is low<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the behavior is <strong>short-term<\/strong>, <strong>low-intensity<\/strong>, or only <strong>at the lowest threshold of persistence<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the victim was <strong>not permanently<\/strong> or <strong>only slightly<\/strong> burdened,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>no <strong>systematic or long-term sustained stalking pattern<\/strong> existed,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the facts are <strong>clear, manageable, and unambiguous<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>and the perpetrator is <strong>immediately remorseful<\/strong>, cooperative, and willing to make amends.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>If diversion is considered, the court can order monetary payments, community service, supervisory instructions, or victim-offender mediation. Diversion leads to <strong>no conviction<\/strong> and <strong>no criminal record entry<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ausschluss-der-diversion\">Exclusion of Diversion:<\/h3>\n\n<p>Diversion is excluded if<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the stalking occurred <strong>over a prolonged period<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the victim&#8217;s burden was <strong>significant<\/strong> or led to severe restrictions,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a <strong>systematic, targeted, or manipulative stalking pattern<\/strong> exists,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>personal data was misused or intimate content was published,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the behavior had <strong>qualified consequences<\/strong>, such as massive psychological distress,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a suicide or attempted suicide within the meaning of paragraph 3 occurred, <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>or the overall behavior constitutes a <strong>severe violation of personal freedom and privacy<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Only with <strong>significantly minor culpability<\/strong> and <strong>immediate insight<\/strong> can it be examined whether an exceptional diversionary procedure is permissible. In practice, diversion for persistent stalking remains <strong>possible, but rare<\/strong>. <\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/en\/about-us\/sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Attorneys<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eDer Strafrahmen verdeutlicht, dass beharrliche Verfolgung kein Missverst\u00e4ndnis, sondern ein ernstes Unrecht mit klaren gesetzlichen Grenzen ist.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strafzumessung-amp-folgen\">Sentencing and consequences<\/h2>\n\n<p>The court determines the penalty based on the <strong>duration, intensity, and persistence<\/strong> of the stalking, as well as how severely the behavior actually affected the victim&#8217;s life. Crucial is whether the perpetrator <strong>repeatedly<\/strong>, <strong>targetedly<\/strong>, or <strong>systematically<\/strong> interfered with the victim&#8217;s privacy over a prolonged period and whether the stalking caused a lasting burden or restriction of daily life. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-erschwerungsgrunde-bestehen-insbesondere-wenn\">Aggravating Factors Exist in Particular If<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the stalking persisted <strong>over a prolonged period<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a <strong>systematic<\/strong> or particularly persistent stalking existed,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the victim&#8217;s way of life was significantly restricted,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>personal data was <strong>misused<\/strong> or intimate content was published,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>despite clear rejection, it was <strong>continued<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a <strong>significant psychological distress<\/strong> occurred,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>or relevant prior convictions exist.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-milderungsgrunde-sind-etwa\">Mitigating Factors Include<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Impeccability,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a <strong>full confession<\/strong> and recognizable insight,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>an immediate <strong>cessation<\/strong> of the behavior,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>reparative efforts,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>particular psychological burdens on the perpetrator,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>or excessively long proceedings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>The court may <strong>conditionally suspend<\/strong> a prison sentence if it does not exceed two years and the perpetrator shows a <strong>positive social prognosis<\/strong>. This also applies to persistent stalking, provided no particularly aggravating circumstances exist. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strafrahmen\">Penalty Range<\/h2>\n\n<p>Persistent stalking, in its basic form according to \u00a7 107a para. 1 StGB, is punishable by <strong>imprisonment for up to one year<\/strong> or a <strong>fine of up to 720 daily rates<\/strong>. The legislator considers the repeated, persistent, and objectively burdensome influence on a person as a significant interference with their privacy, security, and free way of life. This basic offense forms the starting point for the threatened penalty.   <\/p>\n\n<p>For <strong>aggravated cases<\/strong>, \u00a7 107a para. 3 StGB provides for an <strong>increased penalty framework of up to three years imprisonment<\/strong>. The increased penalty applies in particular when  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the stalking lasted <strong>longer than one year<\/strong>, or<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the behavior resulted in the <strong>suicide or attempted suicide<\/strong> of the persecuted person.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Thus, the legislator significantly tightens the sanction for particularly long-lasting or particularly severe stalking behavior.<\/p>\n\n<p>A later apology, distancing, or cessation of the behavior does not change the statutory penalty framework. Such circumstances can only be considered within the scope of <strong>sentencing<\/strong>, but do not affect the legal classification of the offense. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-geldstrafe-tagessatzsystem\">Monetary Penalty \u2013 Day-fine System<\/h2>\n\n<p>Austrian criminal law calculates monetary penalties according to the <strong>day-fine system<\/strong>. The <strong>number of day-fines<\/strong> depends on the <strong>guilt<\/strong>, the <strong>amount per day<\/strong> depends on the <strong>financial capacity<\/strong>. In this way, the penalty is adapted to the personal circumstances and yet remains noticeable.  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Range:<\/strong> up to <strong>720 day-fines<\/strong> \u2013 at least <strong>4 euros<\/strong>, at most <strong>5,000 euros<\/strong> per day.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Practical formula:<\/strong> Approximately <strong>6 months imprisonment corresponds to around 360 day-fines<\/strong>. This conversion serves only as <strong>orientation<\/strong> and is <strong>not a rigid scheme<\/strong>. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>In case of non-payment:<\/strong> The court can impose a <strong>substitute custodial sentence<\/strong>. As a rule, the following applies: <strong>1 day of substitute custodial sentence corresponds to 2 day-fines<\/strong>. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-hinweis\">Note:<\/h4>\n\n<p>In cases of persistent stalking, a fine is primarily considered when the behavior is <strong>short-term<\/strong>, <strong>not very intense<\/strong>, and <strong>at the lower end of persistence<\/strong>. In cases where the stalking occurred <strong>only for a very limited time<\/strong>, caused <strong>no severe burdens<\/strong>, and the perpetrator is <strong>immediately remorseful<\/strong>, the court often decides on a fine. However, the clearer a <strong>permanent<\/strong> or <strong>systematic stalking pattern<\/strong> exists, or the more significantly the victim&#8217;s life was affected, the more likely <strong>imprisonment<\/strong> becomes the focus.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-freiheitsstrafe-amp-teil-bedingte-nachsicht\">Imprisonment and (partially) suspended sentence<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u00a7 37 StGB: If the statutory penalty extends <strong>up to five years<\/strong>, the court may impose a <strong>fine<\/strong> instead of a short prison sentence of no more than one year. This option also exists for offenses whose basic elements provide for a <strong>fine or imprisonment for up to one year<\/strong>, and where higher penalty frameworks are permissible in aggravated cases. In practice, however, \u00a7 37 StGB is applied <strong>cautiously<\/strong> when the behavior was <strong>particularly burdensome<\/strong>, <strong>systematic<\/strong>, or <strong>of considerable intensity<\/strong>. In less serious cases, however, \u00a7 37 StGB can certainly be invoked.   <\/p>\n\n<p>\u00a7 43 StGB: A prison sentence can be <strong>conditionally suspended<\/strong> if it does not exceed two years and the perpetrator has a <strong>positive social prognosis<\/strong>. This option also exists for offenses with a basic penalty framework of up to one or more years. Conditional suspension is granted more cautiously if <strong>aggravating circumstances<\/strong> exist or the behavior has caused <strong>a significant burden<\/strong>. It is particularly realistic when the behavior is <strong>less severe<\/strong>, arose <strong>situationally<\/strong>, or caused <strong>no lasting harm<\/strong> to the victim.   <\/p>\n\n<p>\u00a7 43a StGB: Partial conditional suspension allows a combination of an <strong>unconditional<\/strong> and a <strong>conditionally suspended<\/strong> part of a prison sentence. It is possible for sentences exceeding six months and up to two years. Since in aggravated constellations of many offenses, sentences in the upper range of the penalty framework can be imposed, \u00a7 43a StGB is regularly considered. However, in cases with <strong>particularly serious circumstances<\/strong>, <strong>long duration<\/strong>, or <strong>significant burdensome effect<\/strong>, it is applied noticeably more cautiously.   <\/p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/criminal-law\/probation-assistance-and-instructions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7\u00a7 50 to 52 StGB:<\/a> The court can additionally issue <strong>instructions<\/strong> and order <strong>probation assistance<\/strong>. Consideration may be given to contact bans, specific supervision or therapy programs, compensation for damages, or mandatory measures for behavioral change. The goal is <strong>stable legal probation<\/strong> and the prevention of further criminal acts. Particular attention is paid to the <strong>protection of the affected person<\/strong> and the <strong>binding prevention of further burdensome behaviors<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/en\/about-us\/sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Attorneys<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eOb eine Freiheitsstrafe bedingt wird, h\u00e4ngt entscheidend davon ab, ob das Verhalten ein einmaliges Entgleisen oder ein planvolles Nachstellen war.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-zustandigkeit-der-gerichte\">Jurisdiction of the courts<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sachliche-zustandigkeit\">Subject-matter Jurisdiction<\/h3>\n\n<p>For the <strong>basic form of persistent stalking<\/strong>, the <strong>District Court<\/strong> is generally responsible. The reason is simple: normally, a penalty of <strong>up to one year imprisonment or a fine<\/strong> is threatened, and such proceedings fall under the jurisdiction of the District Court. <\/p>\n\n<p>However, if a <strong>more serious case<\/strong> exists \u2013 for example, if the behavior lasted <strong>longer than one year<\/strong> or if it resulted in <strong>suicide or attempted suicide<\/strong> as a consequence of the stalking \u2013 then the <strong>Regional Court as a single judge<\/strong> takes over. These more serious variants have a higher penalty framework and therefore can no longer be decided by the District Court. <\/p>\n\n<p>If a particularly serious constellation arises, where persistent stalking is associated with a <strong>severe outcome<\/strong> and the penalty framework significantly increases as a result, the <strong>Regional Court as a lay judge court<\/strong> decides. Here, in addition to the judge, two lay judges participate, because the law requires an expanded panel for more serious cases. <\/p>\n\n<p>A jury court is not provided for, because no variant of persistent stalking allows for a life sentence, and thus the legal requirements are not met.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ortliche-zustandigkeit\">Local Jurisdiction<\/h3>\n\n<p>The court of the place of the offense is competent. Particularly relevant is <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>where the <strong>stalking acts<\/strong> were committed,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>where the affected person <strong>perceived the effects<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>where the <strong>burdening or impairing effect<\/strong> occurred,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>or where <strong>accompanying actions<\/strong> were taken that are part of the stalking incident.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>If the place of the offense cannot be clearly determined, the jurisdiction is based on<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the <strong>residence of the accused person<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the <strong>place of arrest<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>or the <strong>seat of the competent public prosecutor&#8217;s office<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>The proceedings are conducted where a <strong>practical and orderly implementation<\/strong> is best guaranteed.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-instanzenzug\">Hierarchy of Courts<\/h3>\n\n<p>An <strong>appeal to the Higher Regional Court<\/strong> is possible against judgments of the Regional Court. Decisions of the Higher Regional Court can then be challenged by means of a <strong>plea of nullity<\/strong> or further appeal to the <strong>Supreme Court<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-zivilanspruche-im-strafverfahren\">Civil claims in criminal proceedings<\/h2>\n\n<p>In cases of persistent stalking, the victim themselves or close relatives, as private parties, can assert <strong>civil claims directly in criminal proceedings<\/strong>. Since the offense is regularly based on <strong>repeated, burdensome, and psychologically impairing behavior<\/strong>, <strong>pain and suffering compensation<\/strong>, <strong>costs of psychological care<\/strong>, <strong>loss of earnings<\/strong>, and compensation for further <strong>emotional or health consequences<\/strong> are often at issue. <\/p>\n\n<p>The <strong>private party joinder<\/strong> suspends the statute of limitations for all asserted claims as long as the criminal proceedings are pending. Only after a legally binding conclusion does the limitation period begin to run again, insofar as the claim has not been fully awarded. <\/p>\n\n<p>Voluntary <strong>reparation for damages<\/strong>, such as a sincere apology, financial compensation, or active support for the affected person, can have a mitigating effect on the sentence, provided it is <strong>timely<\/strong>, <strong>credible<\/strong>, and <strong>complete<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p>However, if the perpetrator has shown <strong>persistent, systematic stalking behavior<\/strong> over a prolonged period, <strong>massively burdened<\/strong> the affected person, misused personal data, or created a particularly <strong>severe psychological stress situation<\/strong>, later compensation generally largely loses its mitigating effect. In such cases, subsequent compensation cannot decisively relativize the committed wrong. <\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-peter-harlander\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/ph100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Peter Harlander<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eZivilanspr\u00fcche im Strafverfahren zeigen, dass beharrliche Verfolgung nicht nur strafrechtlich falsch ist, sondern regelm\u00e4\u00dfig auch reale, ersatzf\u00e4hige Sch\u00e4den verursacht.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strafverfahren-im-uberblick\">Overview of criminal proceedings<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>tart of investigation: <\/strong>formal suspect status upon concrete suspicion; from that point onward, full rights of the accused apply.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Police \/ Public Prosecutor: <\/strong>the public prosecutor directs the proceedings, the criminal police conduct the investigation; objective: dismissal of the case, diversion, or indictment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Interrogation of the accused: <\/strong>prior instruction on rights; involvement of a defense attorney leads to postponement; right to remain silent remains unaffected.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Access to the case file:<\/strong> available at the police, public prosecutor\u2019s office, or court; also includes evidence items (insofar as the purpose of the investigation is not jeopardized).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Main hearing:<\/strong> oral taking of evidence and judgment; decision on civil claims joined to the criminal proceedings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-beschuldigtenrechte\">Rights of the accused<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Information &amp; defense: <\/strong>right to notification, legal aid, free choice of defense counsel, translation assistance, and submission of evidence motions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Silence &amp; counsel:<\/strong> right to remain silent at any time; if a defense attorney is requested, the interrogation must be postponed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Duty to inform:<\/strong> prompt notification of suspicion and rights; exceptions only permitted to safeguard the purpose of the investigation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Practical access to files:<\/strong> investigation and trial records; access by third parties is restricted to protect the accused.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/en\/about-us\/sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Attorneys<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eDie richtigen Schritte in den ersten 48 Stunden entscheiden oft dar\u00fcber, ob ein Verfahren eskaliert oder kontrollierbar bleibt.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-praxis-amp-verhaltenstipps\">Practical guidance and behavioural advice<\/h2>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Maintain silence.<\/strong><br\/>A brief statement is sufficient: \u201cI am exercising my right to remain silent and will first speak with my defense counsel.\u201d<br\/>This right applies from the very first interrogation by the police or the public prosecutor. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Contact defense counsel immediately.<\/strong><br\/>No statement should be made without access to the investigation files. Only after reviewing the files can the defense assess which strategy and evidence preservation measures are appropriate. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Secure evidence immediately.<\/strong><br\/>Obtain medical reports; take photographs with date and scale and, where appropriate, X-ray or CT images. Store clothing, objects, and digital records separately. Prepare a witness list and contemporaneous recollection notes within two days at the latest.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Do not contact the opposing party.<\/strong><br\/>Your own messages, calls, or posts may be used as evidence against you. All communication should take place exclusively through your defense counsel. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Secure video and data recordings in time.<\/strong><br\/>Surveillance videos from public transport, venues, or property management systems are often automatically deleted after only a few days. Requests for data preservation must therefore be submitted immediately to the operators, the police, or the public prosecutor\u2019s office. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Document searches and seizures.<br\/>In cases of house searches or seizures, you should request a copy of the warrant or record. Note the date, time, persons involved, and all items taken. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>In case of arrest: make no statements about the matter.<\/strong><br\/>Insist on immediate notification of your defense counsel. Pre-trial detention may only be imposed if there is strong suspicion of guilt and an additional ground for detention. Less severe measures (e.g., pledge, reporting duty, contact ban) must take precedence.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prepare compensation for damages strategically.<br\/>Payments or offers of reparation should be handled and documented exclusively through defense counsel. Structured compensation for damages has a positive effect on diversion and sentencing. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ihre-vorteile-mit-anwaltlicher-unterstutzung\">Your Benefits with Legal Assistance<\/h2>\n\n<p>Cases of persistent stalking involve infringements on a person&#8217;s <strong>privacy<\/strong>, <strong>personal freedom<\/strong>, and <strong>psychological integrity<\/strong>. Crucial is whether the behavior was actually capable of <strong>unreasonably impairing<\/strong> the victim&#8217;s way of life and causing a <strong>persistent burden<\/strong>. Even small differences in <strong>duration<\/strong>, <strong>frequency<\/strong>, <strong>intensity of approach<\/strong>, or the personal situation of those involved can significantly alter the legal assessment.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Early legal representation ensures that all stalking acts are correctly documented, statements are properly classified, and both incriminating and exculpatory circumstances are carefully examined. Only a structured analysis reveals whether <strong>persistent stalking in the legal sense<\/strong> truly exists, or whether individual incidents were exaggerated, misunderstood, or inaccurately placed in an overall context. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Our law firm<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>examines whether the behavior actually reaches the legal threshold of persistent stalking,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>analyzes messages, sequences, and contacts for contradictions or ambiguities,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>protects you from hasty assessments and one-sided evaluations,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>and develops a clear defense strategy that comprehensibly presents the actual course of events.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>As specialists in criminal law, we ensure that the accusation of persistent stalking is <strong>legally precisely<\/strong> examined and that the proceedings are conducted on a complete and balanced factual basis.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/en\/about-us\/sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Attorneys<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eAnwaltliche Unterst\u00fctzung bedeutet, das tats\u00e4chliche Geschehen klar von Wertungen zu trennen und daraus eine belastbare Verteidigungsstrategie zu entwickeln.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-faq-haufig-gestellte-fragen\">FAQ &#8211; Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq uagb-faq__outer-wrap uagb-block-FAQ-beharrliche-verfolgung uagb-faq-icon-row uagb-faq-layout-accordion uagb-faq-expand-first-true uagb-faq-inactive-other-true uagb-faq__wrap uagb-buttons-layout-wrap uagb-faq-equal-height     \" data-faqtoggle=\"true\" role=\"tablist\"><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/harlander-partner.eu\\\/en\\\/criminal-law\\\/stalking\\\/\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What legally constitutes persistent stalking according to \\u00a7 107a StGB?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Persistent stalking exists when someone repeatedly seeks contact or interferes with a person's privacy over a prolonged period, even though the person clearly does not want it. Crucial is that the actions, in their totality, can unreasonably impair the way of life. Typical examples include frequent lurking, constant messages, fraudulent orders, or the publication of private content. Therefore, it is not just about individual incidents, but about the overall picture of persistent harassment.   \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"When does stalking cross the line into criminal persistent stalking?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The line is crossed when the behavior clearly goes beyond accidental encounters or normal attempts at contact and develops into a persistent pattern. For example, if you adapt your daily routine, take detours, or avoid certain places to evade the other person, the threshold is often reached. It is important that the effects noticeably restrict your way of life. Ultimately, whether the offense is fulfilled is judged by the court based on the overall picture of all circumstances.   \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Is frequent messaging via WhatsApp or social media already sufficient for \\u00a7 107a StGB?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Multiple messages alone are not automatically sufficient for criminal persistent stalking. Crucial is whether the contacts are persistent, continue despite clear rejection, and can actually burden your way of life. For example, if you are constantly inundated with messages, woken up at night, or new channels are used despite blockages, this can indeed fulfill the offense. Each case therefore requires a precise examination of the course and intensity.   \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What penalties are threatened for persistent stalking in Austria?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"In the basic offense, persistent stalking carries a prison sentence of up to one year or a fine of up to 720 daily rates. In severe cases, such as stalking for more than one year or in cases of suicide or attempted suicide by the victim, the prison sentence can be up to three years. The court considers the duration, intensity, and effects of the behavior. Prior convictions or particularly aggravating accompanying circumstances can further increase the penalty.   \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What can I, as a victim of stalking, specifically do?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"First, you should document all incidents as precisely as possible, i.e., save messages, keep a diary, and note down witnesses. At the same time, it is advisable to avoid any further direct communication with the persecuting person and to set clear boundaries. In many cases, reporting to the police is recommended so that protective measures can be examined. Additionally, judicial protection orders or civil law steps may be considered to prevent further interference.   \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"I am accused of persistent stalking. How should I behave? \",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Do not make any statements regarding the matter without prior consultation with a defense attorney, even if the pressure is high. You have the right to remain silent and to request access to the investigation files before making a statement. Together with a lawyer, you can examine which contacts actually took place and whether they are legally to be considered persistent stalking. Often, a careful review of the actual course of events is crucial for the further strategy.   \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"When is legal assistance particularly important in cases of persistent stalking?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Legal assistance is advisable as soon as you feel persistently harassed as a victim or are confronted with an investigation as an accused person. A lawyer can systematically prepare the evidence, undertake the legal classification, and develop protection options or defense strategies with you. Often, the actual risks and opportunities can only be realistically assessed after reviewing the case files. Early consultation prevents errors that are later difficult to correct and increases the chance of a manageable procedure.   \"}}]}<\/script><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-beharrliche-verfolgung-Q1 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">What legally constitutes persistent stalking according to \u00a7 107a StGB?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Persistent stalking exists when someone repeatedly seeks contact or interferes with a person&#8217;s privacy over a prolonged period, even though the person clearly does not want it. Crucial is that the actions, in their totality, can unreasonably impair the way of life. Typical examples include frequent lurking, constant messages, fraudulent orders, or the publication of private content. Therefore, it is not just about individual incidents, but about the overall picture of persistent harassment.   <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-beharrliche-verfolgung-Q2 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">When does stalking cross the line into criminal persistent stalking?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>The line is crossed when the behavior clearly goes beyond accidental encounters or normal attempts at contact and develops into a persistent pattern. For example, if you adapt your daily routine, take detours, or avoid certain places to evade the other person, the threshold is often reached. It is important that the effects noticeably restrict your way of life. Ultimately, whether the offense is fulfilled is judged by the court based on the overall picture of all circumstances.   <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-beharrliche-verfolgung-Q3 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Is frequent messaging via WhatsApp or social media already sufficient for \u00a7 107a StGB?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Multiple messages alone are not automatically sufficient for criminal persistent stalking. Crucial is whether the contacts are persistent, continue despite clear rejection, and can actually burden your way of life. For example, if you are constantly inundated with messages, woken up at night, or new channels are used despite blockages, this can indeed fulfill the offense. Each case therefore requires a precise examination of the course and intensity.   <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-beharrliche-verfolgung-Q4 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">What penalties are threatened for persistent stalking in Austria?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>In the basic offense, persistent stalking carries a prison sentence of up to one year or a fine of up to 720 daily rates. In severe cases, such as stalking for more than one year or in cases of suicide or attempted suicide by the victim, the prison sentence can be up to three years. The court considers the duration, intensity, and effects of the behavior. Prior convictions or particularly aggravating accompanying circumstances can further increase the penalty.   <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-beharrliche-verfolgung-Q5 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">What can I, as a victim of stalking, specifically do?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>First, you should document all incidents as precisely as possible, i.e., save messages, keep a diary, and note down witnesses. At the same time, it is advisable to avoid any further direct communication with the persecuting person and to set clear boundaries. In many cases, reporting to the police is recommended so that protective measures can be examined. Additionally, judicial protection orders or civil law steps may be considered to prevent further interference.   <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-beharrliche-verfolgung-Q6 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">I am accused of persistent stalking. How should I behave? <\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Do not make any statements regarding the matter without prior consultation with a defense attorney, even if the pressure is high. You have the right to remain silent and to request access to the investigation files before making a statement. Together with a lawyer, you can examine which contacts actually took place and whether they are legally to be considered persistent stalking. Often, a careful review of the actual course of events is crucial for the further strategy.   <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-beharrliche-verfolgung-Q7 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">When is legal assistance particularly important in cases of persistent stalking?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Legal assistance is advisable as soon as you feel persistently harassed as a victim or are confronted with an investigation as an accused person. A lawyer can systematically prepare the evidence, undertake the legal classification, and develop protection options or defense strategies with you. Often, the actual risks and opportunities can only be realistically assessed after reviewing the case files. Early consultation prevents errors that are later difficult to correct and increases the chance of a manageable procedure.   <\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Stalking Persistent Stalking according to \u00a7 107a StGB encompasses any prolonged, continuous influence on a person that is objectively capable of unreasonably impairing their way of life. The legislator thus &#8230;","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":94562,"parent":40715,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[345],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-94762","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-criminal-law"],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7107a-Beharrliche-Verfolgung.webp",1920,1080,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7107a-Beharrliche-Verfolgung-100x100.webp",100,100,true],"medium":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7107a-Beharrliche-Verfolgung-800x450.webp",800,450,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7107a-Beharrliche-Verfolgung.webp",1920,1080,false],"large":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7107a-Beharrliche-Verfolgung.webp",1920,1080,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7107a-Beharrliche-Verfolgung.webp",1536,864,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7107a-Beharrliche-Verfolgung.webp",1920,1080,false],"336x":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7107a-Beharrliche-Verfolgung-336x189.webp",336,189,true],"352x":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7107a-Beharrliche-Verfolgung-352x198.webp",352,198,true],"woocommerce_thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7107a-Beharrliche-Verfolgung-300x300.webp",300,300,true],"woocommerce_single":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7107a-Beharrliche-Verfolgung-600x338.webp",600,338,true],"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7107a-Beharrliche-Verfolgung-100x100.webp",100,100,true],"yarpp-thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7107a-Beharrliche-Verfolgung-120x120.webp",120,120,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Simon Prem","author_link":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/author\/simon-prem\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Stalking Persistent Stalking according to \u00a7 107a StGB encompasses any prolonged, continuous influence on a person that is objectively capable of unreasonably impairing their way of life. The legislator thus ...","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/94762","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=94762"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/94762\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/40715"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/94562"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=94762"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=94762"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=94762"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}