{"id":34730,"date":"2025-10-06T15:23:15","date_gmt":"2025-10-06T13:23:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/treatment-of-all-parties-involved-as-perpetrators\/"},"modified":"2025-11-24T20:16:20","modified_gmt":"2025-11-24T19:16:20","slug":"treatment-of-all-parties-involved-as-perpetrators","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/criminal-law\/treatment-of-all-parties-involved-as-perpetrators\/","title":{"rendered":"Treatment of all Parties Involved as Perpetrators"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Treatment of all parties involved as perpetrators<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-behandlung-aller-beteiligten-als-tater\" data-level=\"2\">Treatment of all parties involved as perpetrators<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-grundsatz-des-12-stgb\" data-level=\"2\">Principle of \u00a7 12 StGB<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-formen-der-taterschaft\" data-level=\"2\">Forms of perpetration<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-unmittelbarer-tater\" data-level=\"3\">Direct perpetrator<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-mittater\" data-level=\"3\">Co-perpetrator<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-bestimmungstaterschaft-12-zweiter-fall\" data-level=\"3\">Instigation as perpetration (\u00a712 second case)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-beitragstaterschaft-12-dritter-fall\" data-level=\"3\">Accessory perpetration (\u00a7 12 third case)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-unterschied-zwischen-taterschaft-und-beitragstaterschaft\" data-level=\"2\">Difference between perpetration and accessory perpetration<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-wirksamkeit-und-grenzen-des-tatbeitrags\" data-level=\"2\">Effectiveness and limits of the act contribution<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-akzessorietat\" data-level=\"2\">Accessoryship<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-praktische-beispiele\" data-level=\"2\">Practical examples<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-abgrenzung\" data-level=\"2\">Demarcation<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-ihre-vorteile-mit-anwaltlicher-unterstutzung\" data-level=\"2\">Your Benefits with Legal Assistance<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-haufig-gestellte-fragen-faq\" data-level=\"2\">Frequently Asked Questions \u2013 FAQ<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-behandlung-aller-beteiligten-als-tater\">Treatment of all Parties Involved as Perpetrators<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=12&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 12 StGB<\/a> stipulates that not only the person who directly commits a criminal offense is a perpetrator. Persons who induce others to commit the offense or contribute to it in any way are also treated as perpetrators. The law thus ensures that &#8220;masterminds&#8221; and accomplices are also covered. It is not about who carries out the act, but who supports or enables it in what way.   <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-3019fe8e alignfull uagb-is-root-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-32585033\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A perpetrator is not only someone who commits the act themselves, but also someone who instigates or contributes to it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-45819ab6\"><picture>\n\t\t<source srcset=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Behandlung-aller-Beteiligten-als-Taeter-352x198.webp\" >\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-picture-small\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Behandlung-aller-Beteiligten-als-Taeter.webp\" alt=\"\u00a7 12 of the Criminal Code (StGB) shows how parties involved in a criminal offense are treated and explains the differences between principals, instigators, and accessories\" >\n\t<\/picture>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-grundsatz-des-12-stgb\">Principle of \u00a7 12 StGB<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The legislator deliberately opted for a <strong>broad definition of the term perpetrator<\/strong>. This is intended to hold accountable those who act in the background but are crucial to the execution of the act. This is to prevent the punishability from only affecting the &#8220;henchman,&#8221; while the wire-puller or supporter remains unpunished.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-formen-der-taterschaft\">Forms of Perpetration<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-unmittelbarer-tater\">Direct Perpetrator<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The direct perpetrator is the person who commits the act themselves.<br\/>Examples:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In the case of theft, he takes away the foreign object.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In the case of bodily harm, he himself strikes the victim.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-mittater\">Co-perpetrator<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Direct perpetrators can also be several people together. <strong>Co-perpetration<\/strong> occurs when two or more people consciously and intentionally cooperate and jointly realize the act.<br\/>Example: Two people jointly rob a store, one holds the weapon, the other empties the cash register. Both are perpetrators.  <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-bestimmungstaterschaft-12-zweiter-fall\">Instigation as Perpetration (\u00a712 Second Case)<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An <strong>instigator<\/strong> is someone who provokes the decision to commit the act in another person. He must therefore induce the other person to commit the act. <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The influence can be exerted <strong>through words, gestures, or other means<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Even the <strong>attempted instigation<\/strong> is punishable, i.e., if the instigator tries to persuade someone, even if the act is not carried out later.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Example:<br\/>A person persuades their acquaintance to commit a theft by promising to share the loot. Even if the acquaintance does not act, the instigation is punishable. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-beitragstaterschaft-12-dritter-fall\">Accessory Perpetration (\u00a7 12 Third Case)<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Accessory perpetration<\/strong> is particularly broad and includes all actions that facilitate or enable a criminal offense. This includes both <strong>physical contributions<\/strong> and <strong>psychological contributions<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Physical contributions:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Providing tools or weapons<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Driving the getaway car<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Watching out for the police<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Obtaining information about the object of the crime<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Psychological contributions:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Encouraging or reinforcing a perpetrator who has already made a decision to commit the act<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Persuading to carry out the act despite concerns<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;Providing backing&#8221; or conveying a sense of security<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-unterschied-zwischen-taterschaft-und-beitragstaterschaft\">Difference between Perpetration and Accessory Perpetration<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Co-perpetrator<\/strong>: Carries out the act jointly with the other.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Accessory perpetrator<\/strong>: Supports the act without carrying out the act itself.<br\/>Example: Whoever grabs something during the theft is a co-perpetrator. Whoever only provides the car for removal is an accessory perpetrator. <\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-peter-harlander\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/ph100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Peter Harlander<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eDie Grenze zwischen Beitragst\u00e4terschaft und Mitt\u00e4terschaft ist oft entscheidend, weil sie \u00fcber das Strafma\u00df und die rechtliche Bewertung der Beteiligung bestimmt\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-wirksamkeit-und-grenzen-des-tatbeitrags\">Effectiveness and Limits of the Act Contribution<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Even an <strong>unused contribution<\/strong> can be punishable. Example: Someone hands over a weapon that is not used, but thereby reinforces the decision to commit the act. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A contribution must be causal. That is, it must enable, facilitate, or secure the act. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Minor deviations from the plan are also attributable, as long as they are within the scope of what is foreseeable.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-akzessorietat\">Accessoryship<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A central principle is that there is no qualitative accessoryship. This means that even if the direct perpetrator cannot be punished, for example because he is incapable of guilt, instigators or accessory perpetrators can still be punishable. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In contrast, quantitative accessoryship applies. If the main act is not started at all and remains below the attempt stage, the accessory perpetrator is also not punishable. <\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/en\/about-us\/sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Attorneys<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=12&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 12 StGB<\/a> sorgt daf\u00fcr, dass nicht nur derjenige, der die Tat ausf\u00fchrt, belangt wird, sondern auch die Personen im Hintergrund, die anstiften oder unterst\u00fctzen.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-praktische-beispiele\">Practical Examples<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A getaway driver who drives the perpetrators away after a robbery is considered an accessory perpetrator. A person who persuades another to commit a burglary is treated as an instigator, even if they are not present at the scene of the crime themselves. Someone who encourages his friend in the decision to commit bodily harm makes a psychological contribution to the act and thus also falls under accessory perpetration. A person who is actively involved in a raid and makes threats fulfills the requirements of co-perpetration.   <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-abgrenzung\">Demarcation<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=12&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 12 StGB<\/a> exclusively concerns punishable acts, i.e., behavior that is factual, unlawful, and culpable. Actions that fulfill the elements of an offense but are not punishable due to justifications or excuses do not fall under this provision. <\/p>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ihre-vorteile-mit-anwaltlicher-unterstutzung\">Your Benefits with Legal Assistance<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A criminal proceeding is a significant burden for those affected. Serious consequences threaten right from the start \u2013 from coercive measures such as house searches or arrests, to entries in the criminal register, to custodial or monetary penalties. Errors in the initial phase, such as thoughtless statements or insufficient preservation of evidence, often cannot be corrected later. Economic risks such as claims for damages or procedural costs can also be substantial.   <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Specialized criminal defense ensures that your rights are protected from the outset. It provides security in dealing with the police and public prosecutor&#8217;s office, protects against self-incrimination, and creates the basis for a clear defense strategy. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Our law firm:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>examines whether and to what extent the accusation is legally sustainable,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>accompanies you through investigation proceedings and main hearing,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ensures legally sound applications, statements, and procedural steps,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>assists in defending against or settling civil law claims,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>protects your rights and interests vis-\u00e0-vis the court, public prosecutor&#8217;s office, and victims.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-peter-harlander\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/ph100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Peter Harlander<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eMachen Sie <strong>keine inhaltlichen Aussagen ohne vorherige R\u00fccksprache mit Ihrer Verteidigung<\/strong>. Sie haben jederzeit das Recht zu schweigen und eine Anw\u00e4ltin oder einen Anwalt beizuziehen. Dieses Recht gilt bereits bei der ersten polizeilichen Kontaktaufnahme. Erst nach <strong>Akteneinsicht<\/strong> l\u00e4sst sich kl\u00e4ren, ob und welche Einlassung sinnvoll ist.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-haufig-gestellte-fragen-faq\">Frequently Asked Questions \u2013 FAQ<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq uagb-faq__outer-wrap uagb-block-972c8b74 uagb-faq-icon-row uagb-faq-layout-accordion uagb-faq-expand-first-true uagb-faq-inactive-other-true uagb-faq__wrap uagb-buttons-layout-wrap uagb-faq-equal-height     \" data-faqtoggle=\"true\" role=\"tablist\"><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/harlander-partner.eu\\\/en\\\/criminal-law\\\/treatment-of-all-parties-involved-as-perpetrators\\\/\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Who does \\u00a7 12 StGB cover at all?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"\\u00a7 12 StGB covers not only the executor of the act (direct perpetrator), but also persons who provoke the decision to commit the act (instigator) or who enable, facilitate, or secure the execution in any way (accessory perpetrator). All are legally considered perpetrators. \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is the difference between co-perpetration and accessory perpetration?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Co-perpetration means jointly realizing the act based on conscious and intentional cooperation. Accessory perpetration exists if the act is only supported \\u2013 for example, by providing means, information, or by psychological reinforcement \\u2013 without carrying out the act itself. \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Is instigation also punishable if the main act is not committed later?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yes. Attempted instigation is punishable. It is sufficient that there is a serious influence on the will formation of another person in order to bring him to a concrete criminal offense, even if he does not implement it later.  \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Is psychological support sufficient for accessory perpetration?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yes. A psychological contribution to the act can be sufficient, such as reinforcing an already made decision to commit the act or creating a sense of security. A prerequisite is intent with regard to supporting the main act.  \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Is there a dependence on the punishability of the direct perpetrator (accessoryship)?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"There is no qualitative accessoryship. Even if the direct perpetrator remains unpunished (e.g., due to incapacity for guilt), instigators and accessory perpetrators can be punishable. However, quantitative accessoryship applies: If the main act remains below the attempt, the mere contribution is also not punishable.  \"}}]}<\/script><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-q1 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Who does \u00a7 12 StGB cover at all?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>\u00a7 12 StGB covers not only the executor of the act (direct perpetrator), but also persons who provoke the decision to commit the act (instigator) or who enable, facilitate, or secure the execution in any way (accessory perpetrator). All are legally considered perpetrators. <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-q2 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">What is the difference between co-perpetration and accessory perpetration?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Co-perpetration means jointly realizing the act based on conscious and intentional cooperation. Accessory perpetration exists if the act is only supported \u2013 for example, by providing means, information, or by psychological reinforcement \u2013 without carrying out the act itself. <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-q3 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Is instigation also punishable if the main act is not committed later?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Yes. Attempted instigation is punishable. It is sufficient that there is a serious influence on the will formation of another person in order to bring him to a concrete criminal offense, even if he does not implement it later.  <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-q4 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Is psychological support sufficient for accessory perpetration?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Yes. A psychological contribution to the act can be sufficient, such as reinforcing an already made decision to commit the act or creating a sense of security. A prerequisite is intent with regard to supporting the main act.  <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-q5 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Is there a dependence on the punishability of the direct perpetrator (accessoryship)?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>There is no qualitative accessoryship. Even if the direct perpetrator remains unpunished (e.g., due to incapacity for guilt), instigators and accessory perpetrators can be punishable. However, quantitative accessoryship applies: If the main act remains below the attempt, the mere contribution is also not punishable.  <\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Treatment of all Parties Involved as Perpetrators \u00a7 12 StGB stipulates that not only the person who directly commits a criminal offense is a perpetrator. Persons who induce others to &#8230;","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":27765,"parent":40715,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[345],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34730","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-criminal-law"],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Behandlung-aller-Beteiligten-als-Taeter.webp",1920,1080,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Behandlung-aller-Beteiligten-als-Taeter-100x100.webp",100,100,true],"medium":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Behandlung-aller-Beteiligten-als-Taeter-800x450.webp",800,450,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Behandlung-aller-Beteiligten-als-Taeter.webp",1920,1080,false],"large":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Behandlung-aller-Beteiligten-als-Taeter.webp",1920,1080,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Behandlung-aller-Beteiligten-als-Taeter.webp",1536,864,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Behandlung-aller-Beteiligten-als-Taeter.webp",1920,1080,false],"336x":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Behandlung-aller-Beteiligten-als-Taeter-336x189.webp",336,189,true],"352x":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Behandlung-aller-Beteiligten-als-Taeter-352x198.webp",352,198,true],"woocommerce_thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Behandlung-aller-Beteiligten-als-Taeter-300x300.webp",300,300,true],"woocommerce_single":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Behandlung-aller-Beteiligten-als-Taeter-600x338.webp",600,338,true],"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Behandlung-aller-Beteiligten-als-Taeter-100x100.webp",100,100,true],"yarpp-thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Behandlung-aller-Beteiligten-als-Taeter-120x120.webp",120,120,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Simon Prem","author_link":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/author\/simon-prem\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Treatment of all Parties Involved as Perpetrators \u00a7 12 StGB stipulates that not only the person who directly commits a criminal offense is a perpetrator. Persons who induce others to ...","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/34730","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34730"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/34730\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/40715"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27765"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34730"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34730"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34730"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}