{"id":33935,"date":"2025-10-06T14:29:21","date_gmt":"2025-10-06T12:29:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/exculpatory-necessity\/"},"modified":"2025-11-24T20:16:17","modified_gmt":"2025-11-24T19:16:17","slug":"exculpatory-necessity","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/criminal-law\/exculpatory-necessity\/","title":{"rendered":"Exculpatory Necessity"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Exculpatory Necessity<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-entschuldigender-notstand\" data-level=\"2\">Exculpatory Necessity<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-grundsatz-des-entschuldigenden-notstands\" data-level=\"2\">Principle of Exculpatory Necessity<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-voraussetzungen-des-entschuldigenden-notstands\" data-level=\"2\">Prerequisites for Exculpatory Necessity<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-unterschied-zu-anderen-notstanden\" data-level=\"2\">Distinction from other types of necessity<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-rechtfertigender-notstand\" data-level=\"3\">Justifying Necessity<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-entschuldigender-notstand-0\" data-level=\"3\">Exculpatory Necessity<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-notwehr\" data-level=\"3\">Self-defense<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-praktische-bedeutung\" data-level=\"2\">Practical significance<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-grenzen\" data-level=\"2\">Limitations<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-folgen-in-der-praxis\" data-level=\"2\">Practical Consequences<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-ihre-vorteile-mit-anwaltlicher-unterstutzung\" data-level=\"2\">Your Benefits with Legal Assistance<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-haufig-gestellte-fragen-faq\" data-level=\"2\">Frequently Asked Questions \u2013 FAQ<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-entschuldigender-notstand\">Exculpatory Necessity<\/h2>\n\n<p>Exculpatory necessity according to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=10&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 10 of the Criminal Code<\/a> is a ground for the exclusion of culpability. It exists when someone commits a criminal offense in an exceptional coercive situation to avert an imminently threatening, significant harm to themselves or others. Although the act remains unlawful, personal culpability is excluded because a reasonable person cannot be expected to act lawfully in such a situation. It is crucial that the danger was not self-inflicted and that the damage caused is not disproportionately more severe than the averted danger.   <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-3019fe8e alignfull uagb-is-root-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-32585033\">\n<p>Exculpatory necessity means: An unlawful act remains unpunished if it was committed to avert an immediate and serious danger and lawful conduct was unreasonable.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-45819ab6\"><picture>\n\t\t<source srcset=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Entschuldigender-Notstand-352x198.webp\" >\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-picture-small\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Entschuldigender-Notstand.webp\" alt=\"Exculpatory Necessity according to \u00a7 10 of the Criminal Code: Prerequisites, distinctions from other types of necessity, and consequences in Austrian criminal law.\" >\n\t<\/picture>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-grundsatz-des-entschuldigenden-notstands\">Principle of Exculpatory Necessity<\/h2>\n\n<p>Exculpatory necessity concerns cases where a person commits an <strong>unlawful act<\/strong> to avert an imminently threatening danger.<br\/>Important: The act remains <strong>unlawful<\/strong>, but the perpetrator is <strong>not punished<\/strong> because no culpable conduct can be attributed to them.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-voraussetzungen-des-entschuldigenden-notstands\">Prerequisites for Exculpatory Necessity<\/h2>\n\n<p>For <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=10&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 10 of the Criminal Code<\/a> to apply, certain conditions must be met:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Imminent Danger:<\/strong> There must be an acute, present, and significant threat, for example, to life, health, liberty, or significant property.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>No Fault of One&#8217;s Own:<\/strong> The danger must not have been intentionally or negligently self-inflicted.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>No Reasonable Alternative:<\/strong> There must be no legal means to avert the danger.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Proportionality:<\/strong> The action must not be significantly more severe than the danger one intended to avert.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-unterschied-zu-anderen-notstanden\">Distinction from other Types of Necessity<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-rechtfertigender-notstand\">Justifying Necessity<\/h3>\n\n<p>In the case of justifying necessity, a danger is averted by sacrificing a less important legal interest. The act is then not unlawful. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-entschuldigender-notstand-0\">Exculpatory Necessity<\/h3>\n\n<p>In the case of exculpatory necessity, even equivalent legal interests can be weighed against each other, for example, life against life. The act remains unlawful, but the perpetrator is excused and therefore not culpable. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-notwehr\">Self-defense<\/h3>\n\n<p>Self-defense only exists if an unlawful attack originates from a person. Exculpatory necessity does not concern attacks, but rather extraordinary emergencies. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-praktische-bedeutung\">Practical Significance<\/h2>\n\n<p>Exculpatory necessity plays a role primarily in <strong>extreme situations<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p>Examples:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Danger to Life:<\/strong> Two people are adrift after a shipwreck on a small boat that can only support one person. One pushes the other into the water to survive. \u2192 The act (killing) remains unlawful, but the perpetrator may be excused.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Threat by Third Parties:<\/strong> Someone is severely threatened by another person and commits a criminal offense to save themselves. \u2192 Potentially excused. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rescue Actions:<\/strong> A person smashes a car window to free a child from an overheated vehicle. \u2192 The action remains within the scope of the offense, but may be excused under certain circumstances. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-grenzen\">Limitations<\/h2>\n\n<p>Limitations exist where someone deliberately puts themselves in danger, for example, through reckless behavior. In such cases, one cannot invoke exculpatory necessity. Furthermore, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=10&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 10 of the Criminal Code<\/a> applies exclusively to intentional acts, not to negligent conduct. Finally, an excuse is also not considered if a specific provision for the concrete situation is already provided in the Criminal Code.   <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-folgen-in-der-praxis\">Practical Consequences<\/h2>\n\n<p>In practice, exculpatory necessity means that the act remains unlawful despite everything. Other persons are therefore permitted to defend themselves against it with self-defense. However, the perpetrator themselves is not punished because no culpable conduct can be attributed to them. It is different if someone mistakenly believes they acted in such a state of necessity: If this error was due to negligence and the offense is also punishable in a negligent form, a conviction for negligence may still occur.   <\/p>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ihre-vorteile-mit-anwaltlicher-unterstutzung\">Your Benefits with Legal Assistance<\/h2>\n\n<p>A criminal proceeding is a significant burden for those affected. Serious consequences threaten right from the start \u2013 from coercive measures such as house searches or arrests, to entries in the criminal register, to custodial or monetary penalties. Errors in the initial phase, such as thoughtless statements or insufficient preservation of evidence, often cannot be corrected later. Economic risks such as claims for damages or procedural costs can also be substantial.   <\/p>\n\n<p>Specialized criminal defense ensures that your rights are protected from the outset. It provides security in dealing with the police and public prosecutor&#8217;s office, protects against self-incrimination, and creates the basis for a clear defense strategy. <\/p>\n\n<p>Our law firm:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>examines whether and to what extent the accusation is legally sustainable,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>accompanies you through investigation proceedings and main hearing,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ensures legally sound applications, statements, and procedural steps,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>assists in defending against or settling civil law claims,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>protects your rights and interests vis-\u00e0-vis the court, public prosecutor&#8217;s office, and victims.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-peter-harlander\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/ph100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Peter Harlander<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eMachen Sie <strong>keine inhaltlichen Aussagen ohne vorherige R\u00fccksprache mit Ihrer Verteidigung<\/strong>. Sie haben jederzeit das Recht zu schweigen und eine Anw\u00e4ltin oder einen Anwalt beizuziehen. Dieses Recht gilt bereits bei der ersten polizeilichen Kontaktaufnahme. Erst nach <strong>Akteneinsicht<\/strong> l\u00e4sst sich kl\u00e4ren, ob und welche Einlassung sinnvoll ist.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-haufig-gestellte-fragen-faq\">Frequently Asked Questions \u2013 FAQ<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq uagb-faq__outer-wrap uagb-block-972c8b74 uagb-faq-icon-row uagb-faq-layout-accordion uagb-faq-expand-first-true uagb-faq-inactive-other-true uagb-faq__wrap uagb-buttons-layout-wrap uagb-faq-equal-height     \" data-faqtoggle=\"true\" role=\"tablist\"><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/harlander-partner.eu\\\/en\\\/criminal-law\\\/exculpatory-necessity\\\/\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"When does exculpatory necessity exist?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"When someone commits a criminal offense to avert an immediate and serious danger to themselves or others, and lawful conduct would be unreasonable.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Does the act remain unlawful in exculpatory necessity?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yes. The act remains unlawful, but the perpetrator is not punished because no culpable conduct can be attributed to them. \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is the difference from justifying necessity?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"In justifying necessity, a less important legal interest is sacrificed, so the act is not unlawful. In exculpatory necessity, the act remains unlawful, but the perpetrator is excused. \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Can one invoke \\u00a7 10 of the Criminal Code even in cases of negligence?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"No. Exculpatory necessity applies only to intentional acts. Negligent conduct is not covered by it.  \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What happens if someone merely believes they are acting in a state of necessity?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Anyone who mistakenly assumes they are acting under exculpatory necessity can be punished for negligence \\u2013 but only if the offense is also punishable in a negligent form.\"}}]}<\/script><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-q1 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">When does exculpatory necessity exist?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>When someone commits a criminal offense to avert an immediate and serious danger to themselves or others, and lawful conduct would be unreasonable.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-q2 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Does the act remain unlawful in exculpatory necessity?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Yes. The act remains unlawful, but the perpetrator is not punished because no culpable conduct can be attributed to them. <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-q3 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">What is the difference from justifying necessity?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>In justifying necessity, a less important legal interest is sacrificed, so the act is not unlawful. In exculpatory necessity, the act remains unlawful, but the perpetrator is excused. <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-q4 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Can one invoke \u00a7 10 of the Criminal Code even in cases of negligence?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>No. Exculpatory necessity applies only to intentional acts. Negligent conduct is not covered by it.  <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-q5 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">What happens if someone merely believes they are acting in a state of necessity?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Anyone who mistakenly assumes they are acting under exculpatory necessity can be punished for negligence \u2013 but only if the offense is also punishable in a negligent form.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Exculpatory Necessity Exculpatory necessity according to \u00a7 10 of the Criminal Code is a ground for the exclusion of culpability. It exists when someone commits a criminal offense in an &#8230;","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":27759,"parent":40715,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[345],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33935","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-criminal-law"],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Entschuldigender-Notstand.webp",1920,1080,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Entschuldigender-Notstand-100x100.webp",100,100,true],"medium":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Entschuldigender-Notstand-800x450.webp",800,450,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Entschuldigender-Notstand.webp",1920,1080,false],"large":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Entschuldigender-Notstand.webp",1920,1080,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Entschuldigender-Notstand.webp",1536,864,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Entschuldigender-Notstand.webp",1920,1080,false],"336x":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Entschuldigender-Notstand-336x189.webp",336,189,true],"352x":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Entschuldigender-Notstand-352x198.webp",352,198,true],"woocommerce_thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Entschuldigender-Notstand-300x300.webp",300,300,true],"woocommerce_single":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Entschuldigender-Notstand-600x338.webp",600,338,true],"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Entschuldigender-Notstand-100x100.webp",100,100,true],"yarpp-thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Entschuldigender-Notstand-120x120.webp",120,120,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Simon Prem","author_link":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/author\/simon-prem\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Exculpatory Necessity Exculpatory necessity according to \u00a7 10 of the Criminal Code is a ground for the exclusion of culpability. It exists when someone commits a criminal offense in an ...","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/33935","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33935"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/33935\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/40715"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27759"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33935"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33935"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33935"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}