{"id":31626,"date":"2025-11-06T11:52:48","date_gmt":"2025-11-06T10:52:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/action-for-exclusion-of-a-shareholder\/"},"modified":"2025-11-24T20:03:39","modified_gmt":"2025-11-24T19:03:39","slug":"action-for-exclusion-of-a-shareholder","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/company-formation\/action-for-exclusion-of-a-shareholder\/","title":{"rendered":"Action for Exclusion of a Shareholder"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Action for exclusion of a shareholder<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-klage-auf-ausschliessung-eines-gesellschafters\" data-level=\"2\">Action for exclusion of a shareholder<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-zweck-der-regelung\" data-level=\"2\">Purpose of the regulation<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-allgemeiner-anwendungsbereich\" data-level=\"2\">General scope of application<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-innen-und-aussenverhaltnis\" data-level=\"3\">Internal and external relationship<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-zweipersonen-und-mehrpersonengesellschaften\" data-level=\"3\">Two-person and multi-person companies<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-personeller-anwendungsbereich\" data-level=\"2\">Personal scope of application<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-voraussetzungen\" data-level=\"2\">Requirements<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-wichtiger-grund\" data-level=\"2\">Important reason<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-ausschliessung-als-ausserster-notbehelf\" data-level=\"3\">Exclusion as a last resort<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-verhaltnis-zum-wichtigen-auflosungsgrund\" data-level=\"3\">Relationship to the important reason for dissolution<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-umfassende-interessenabwagung\" data-level=\"3\">Comprehensive balancing of interests<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-typische-ausschliessungsgrunde\" data-level=\"3\">Typical reasons for exclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-geltendmachung-des-ausschliessungsrechts\" data-level=\"2\">Assertion of the right of exclusion<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-rechtsgestaltungsklage\" data-level=\"3\">Action for legal formation<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-rechtzeitige-geltendmachung-und-verzicht\" data-level=\"3\">Timely assertion and waiver<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-gemeinsame-klage-der-ubrigen-gesellschafter\" data-level=\"3\">Joint action by the remaining shareholders<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-mitwirkungspflicht\" data-level=\"3\">Duty to cooperate<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-mehrere-beklagte-und-eventualbegehren\" data-level=\"3\">Multiple defendants and alternative requests<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-rechtswirkungen-der-ausschliessung\" data-level=\"2\">Legal effects of exclusion<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-ihre-vorteile-mit-anwaltlicher-unterstutzung\" data-level=\"2\">Your Benefits with Legal Assistance<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-haufig-gestellte-fragen-faq\" data-level=\"2\">Frequently Asked Questions &#8211; FAQ<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-klage-auf-ausschliessung-eines-gesellschafters\">Action for Exclusion of a Shareholder<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>action for exclusion<\/strong> according to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10001702&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=140&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 140 UGB<\/a> enables the remaining shareholders of an OG or KG to continue the company if cooperation with a shareholder has become unreasonable due to an important reason. Instead of dissolving the company in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10001702&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=133&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 133 UGB<\/a>, the remaining shareholders can judicially exclude the shareholder concerned. This procedure represents a <strong>practical alternative to dissolution<\/strong> and serves to secure the continuation of the company.  <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-3019fe8e alignfull uagb-is-root-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-32585033\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The action for exclusion is a judicial measure by which shareholders can exclude another from the company for an important reason.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-45819ab6\"><picture>\n\t\t<source srcset=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Klage-auf-Ausschliessung-eines-Gesellschafters-352x198.webp\" >\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-picture-small\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Klage-auf-Ausschliessung-eines-Gesellschafters.webp\" alt=\"When is an action for exclusion of a shareholder permissible under \u00a7 140 UGB? Prerequisites, procedure and legal consequences explained.\" >\n\t<\/picture>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-zweck-der-regelung\">Purpose of the Regulation<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The aim is <strong>not<\/strong> the protection of public interests or the preservation of the company as such, but the <strong>protection of the continuation interests of the remaining shareholders<\/strong>. The standard takes into account a <strong>double unreasonableness<\/strong>: <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the continuation with the shareholder concerned,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>but also the dissolution of the company as a whole<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-allgemeiner-anwendungsbereich\">General Scope of Application<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The regulation on the exclusion of a shareholder applies to both fixed-term and indefinite partnerships, i.e. both to general partnerships (OG) and limited partnerships (KG). The exclusion can apply equally to general partners and limited partners. Even the exclusion of the sole general partner is possible, even if it leads to the dissolution of the KG. Subsequently, however, a new general partner can be appointed and the company can be converted back into an active, continuing form.   <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-innen-und-aussenverhaltnis\">Internal and External Relationship<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A shareholder can already be excluded if the company has effectively come into existence in the internal relationship, i.e. the articles of association exist and cooperation has begun &#8211; even if registration in the company register has not yet taken place.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, if only one shareholder remains, the company must exist <strong>in the external relationship (through registration in the company register)<\/strong>. As long as the company has not yet been registered, it is merely a <strong>civil law partnership (GesbR)<\/strong>, which is <strong>not legally capable<\/strong>. So if only one shareholder remains, he <strong>cannot<\/strong> simply continue a sole proprietorship as long as the OG or KG has not yet legally existed.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the event that it is <strong>only a GesbR<\/strong> (i.e. no registered OG or KG), there is a <strong>comparable provision in \u00a7 1215 ABGB<\/strong>. This also allows the exclusion of a shareholder if serious reasons arise in his person. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the company has come into existence <strong>&#8220;incorrectly&#8221;<\/strong>, i.e. the articles of association are <strong>defective<\/strong> or <strong>contestable<\/strong>, this defect can <strong>itself be an important reason for exclusion<\/strong>. This concerns cases in which a shareholder has induced the others to found the company, e.g. by <strong>fraud<\/strong>, <strong>threat<\/strong> or <strong>deception<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The conduct of this person is therefore a <strong>personal important reason<\/strong> that justifies their exclusion.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-peter-harlander\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/ph100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Peter Harlander<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eDie Ausschlussklage ist kein Instrument f\u00fcr den schnellen Bruch, sondern der letzte rechtliche Ausweg, wenn das Vertrauen zwischen Gesellschaftern endg\u00fcltig zerst\u00f6rt ist\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-zweipersonen-und-mehrpersonengesellschaften\">Two-person and Multi-Person Companies<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The regulation on the exclusion of a shareholder also applies to two-person companies. Likewise, in a multi-person company, it may happen that only one shareholder remains without a reason for exclusion. This shareholder is entitled to apply for the exclusion of all others. If several shareholders realize reasons for exclusion, action can in principle be taken against all of them, whereby a comprehensive consideration of the circumstances is always required.   <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-personeller-anwendungsbereich\">Personal Scope of Application<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The action is directed against <strong>one or more shareholders<\/strong>. In the case of the <strong>heir of a shareholder<\/strong>, exclusion is only permissible <strong>after probate<\/strong>, as the shareholder status only arises then. However, <g id=\"gid_3\">important reasons<\/g> that the deceased set before probate can be taken into account in the proceedings. If the legitimate interest of the remaining shareholders ceases due to death, the right of exclusion may become obsolete.   <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-voraussetzungen\">Requirements<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An exclusion is only permissible if:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>an <strong>important reason<\/strong> exists,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>this reason is rooted <strong>in the person of a shareholder<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>and the <strong>exclusion<\/strong> is suitable to eliminate the important reason<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This means: The procedure is only justified if the disruption can actually be remedied by the exclusion.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-wichtiger-grund\">Important Reason<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The &#8220;important reason&#8221; requires:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>an <strong>objectively significant disruption<\/strong> of the company relationship,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a <strong>personal reference<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the <strong>failure of milder means<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a <strong>clear predominance of the exclusion interests<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ausschliessung-als-ausserster-notbehelf\">Exclusion as a Last Resort<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The exclusion of a shareholder represents the <strong>last resort<\/strong>. Like the dissolution, it requires the existence of an <strong>important reason<\/strong>. The decisive difference, however, is that the exclusion does <strong>not have the same effect on all shareholders<\/strong>, but <strong>unilaterally to the detriment of the person to be excluded<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An exclusion is therefore only permissible if:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the continuation of the company with this shareholder is <strong>unreasonable<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>milder means<\/strong> (e.g. withdrawal of the management and representation authority, injunctive relief or claims for damages) are not sufficient,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>and the measure serves <strong>not only economic interests<\/strong>, but the <strong>protection of the company<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The exclusion must therefore <strong>not serve to improve the financial situation<\/strong> of the remaining shareholders, but solely to <strong>ward off concrete dangers<\/strong> to the existence and functionality of the company.<br\/>In the event of exclusion of the <strong>penultimate shareholder<\/strong>, it is no longer the endangerment of the company, but the <strong>preservation of the company values<\/strong> that is decisive.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/en\/about-us\/sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Attorneys<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eGerade weil die Ausschlie\u00dfung eines Gesellschafters tief in die Struktur der Gesellschaft eingreift, verlangt sie h\u00f6chste rechtliche Pr\u00e4zision, jeder formale Fehler kann das Verfahren zu Fall bringen.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-verhaltnis-zum-wichtigen-auflosungsgrund\">Relationship to the Important Reason for Dissolution<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a7 140 UGB is based on \u00a7 133 UGB, which is why a reason for exclusion <strong>can only exist if there is at the same time an important, personal reason for dissolution<\/strong>.<br\/>Not every disruption of the company relationship justifies the exclusion of a shareholder.<br\/>The <strong>personal character<\/strong> of the reason is decisive: Only if the unreasonableness is rooted <strong>in the person of the shareholder<\/strong> can it support the exclusion.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A <strong>hierarchy between dissolution and exclusion<\/strong> does not exist:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Depending on the situation, the <strong>exclusion may be the milder means<\/strong> compared to the dissolution,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>or conversely, dissolution may be preferable if exclusion appears disproportionate<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-umfassende-interessenabwagung\">Comprehensive Balancing of Interests<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Central is the <strong>two-stage balancing of interests<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Dissolution interests<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It must be examined whether the asserted circumstances constitute an <strong>important reason for dissolution<\/strong>, i.e. make the continuation of the company unreasonable for the plaintiffs.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Personal exclusion interests<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It must be examined whether this unreasonableness is directed <strong>only against the shareholder concerned<\/strong>, while a continuation with the others appears possible.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Only if the exclusion interests <strong>clearly outweigh<\/strong> is the action justified.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-typische-ausschliessungsgrunde\">Typical Reasons for Exclusion<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>material breaches of duty<\/strong> (intentional or grossly negligent),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>impossibility of fulfilling the duty<\/strong>, even without fault,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>behaviors<\/strong> that sustainably destroy the trust of the remaining shareholders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The catalog is <strong>not exhaustive<\/strong>. The assessment is always made after a <strong>comprehensive balancing of interests taking into account all circumstances of the individual case<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A <strong>fault<\/strong> is not absolutely necessary, slight negligence is only sufficient if the further performance of the contract has become impossible.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-geltendmachung-des-ausschliessungsrechts\">Assertion of the Right of Exclusion<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-rechtsgestaltungsklage\">Action for Legal Formation<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The right of exclusion under \u00a7 140 UGB is vested in the remaining shareholders as a <strong>collective right of formation<\/strong>. It cannot be exercised by a mere declaration of intent, but exclusively by way of an <strong>action for legal formation<\/strong>. The <strong>legally formative judgment<\/strong> effects the exclusion only with its <strong>legal force<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The action regularly leads to an <strong>amendment of the articles of association<\/strong>, as every change of shareholder at the same time means an amendment of the contract. If the <strong>penultimate shareholder<\/strong> is excluded, the company ends; however, the company is continued <strong>without liquidation by way of universal succession<\/strong> by the remaining shareholder. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Judicial proceedings are dispensable if the shareholder to be excluded <strong>voluntarily withdraws<\/strong> and his withdrawal is <strong>agreed amicably<\/strong> &#8211; in this case <strong>the agreement replaces the judgment<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-rechtzeitige-geltendmachung-und-verzicht\">Timely Assertion and Waiver<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The action for exclusion must be brought <strong>immediately<\/strong>, otherwise <strong>the right of exclusion lapses<\/strong>. An existing reason for exclusion must <strong>not be kept &#8220;in stock&#8221;<\/strong>, as this would be incompatible with the requirement of <strong>unreasonableness of further cooperation<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A <strong>waiver of the right of exclusion<\/strong> can be made <strong>expressly or tacitly<\/strong>, for example if, despite knowledge of the reason for exclusion, only <strong>notice is given<\/strong> or the shareholder concerned assumes an <strong>amended position<\/strong> with the consent of the others.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, the mere passage of time is <strong>not sufficient<\/strong> to assume a waiver. The decisive factor is whether the conduct of the entitled party <strong>in good faith<\/strong> allows the conclusion that he <strong>no longer wants to exercise<\/strong> the right. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because of the <strong>collective character<\/strong> of the right of exclusion, an effective waiver can <strong>only be declared jointly by all shareholders entitled to sue<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-gemeinsame-klage-der-ubrigen-gesellschafter\">Joint Action by the Remaining Shareholders<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The action for exclusion must be brought <strong>jointly by all other shareholders<\/strong>.<br\/>If the cooperation of even one entitled party is missing, the action is to be <strong>dismissed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The plaintiffs form a <strong>necessary community of litigants<\/strong>. The regulation corresponds to that in the case of the <strong>withdrawal of the management<\/strong> or <strong>representation authority<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/company-formation\/action-for-withdrawal-of-management-authority\/?preview_id=29034&#038;preview_nonce=57ed295ee2&#038;preview=true&#038;_thumbnail_id=29067\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Read more about the withdrawal of the management or representation authority here.<\/a><\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-peter-harlander\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/ph100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Peter Harlander<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eProfessionelle anwaltliche Begleitung ist bei einer Ausschlussklage unerl\u00e4sslich, sie schafft Klarheit, minimiert Haftungsrisiken und sichert die wirtschaftliche Handlungsf\u00e4higkeit der Gesellschaft.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-mitwirkungspflicht\">Duty to Cooperate<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From the <strong>duty of loyalty<\/strong> of the shareholders it follows that an individual shareholder may be <strong>obliged<\/strong> to cooperate in the action for exclusion under certain circumstances. If he <strong>refuses<\/strong> to do so, he can be sued for consent to the action, this action for consent can be combined with the action for exclusion. Only a final conviction of the refusing shareholder replaces his cooperation. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, there is <strong>not automatically<\/strong> a duty to cooperate in every reason for exclusion. Such a <strong>duty to cooperate<\/strong> arises <strong>only then<\/strong> if the <strong>non-cooperation<\/strong> of a shareholder would be <strong>an abuse of rights<\/strong>, i.e. his refusal is <strong>obviously unfounded<\/strong> and serves only to block the exclusion, although the requirements are clearly met. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-mehrere-beklagte-und-eventualbegehren\">Multiple Defendants and Alternative Requests<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The action for exclusion can be directed against <strong>one or more shareholders<\/strong>, regardless of whether the reasons for exclusion are identical or merely factually related. If the action against <strong>even only one<\/strong> defendant proves to be unfounded, it is to be <strong>dismissed as a whole<\/strong>, since in this case the necessary cooperation on the plaintiff&#8217;s side is missing. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>claim<\/strong> always reads on <strong>exclusion of the defendant<\/strong>. It can be combined with an <strong>alternative application for dissolution of the company<\/strong> or for <strong>withdrawal of the management authority<\/strong>.<br\/>Also a <strong>combination<\/strong> with an action for dissolution as a main or alternative request is permissible. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-rechtswirkungen-der-ausschliessung\">Legal Effects of Exclusion<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With <strong>legal force of the exclusion judgment<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>the shareholder concerned withdraws from the company<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>until then he retains his <strong>membership rights and obligations<\/strong>, unless there are interim measures<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If only one shareholder remains, the <strong>universal succession<\/strong> automatically occurs: The entire company assets pass to the last shareholder.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ihre-vorteile-mit-anwaltlicher-unterstutzung\">Your Benefits with Legal Assistance<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The exclusion of a shareholder is legally complex and associated with considerable risks, in particular in the assessment of the important reason, the correct conduct of the action and the observance of deadlines. Even small formal errors or insufficient justifications can lead to the dismissal of the action. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A <strong>legal support<\/strong> is therefore essential in order to precisely examine the legal requirements, strategically prepare the procedure and avoid economic disadvantages.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-haufig-gestellte-fragen-faq\">Frequently Asked Questions &#8211; FAQ<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq uagb-faq__outer-wrap uagb-block-FAQ-ausschluss-gesellschafter uagb-faq-icon-row uagb-faq-layout-accordion uagb-faq-expand-first-true uagb-faq-inactive-other-true uagb-faq__wrap uagb-buttons-layout-wrap uagb-faq-equal-height     \" data-faqtoggle=\"true\" role=\"tablist\"><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/harlander-partner.eu\\\/en\\\/company-formation\\\/action-for-exclusion-of-a-shareholder\\\/\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What does \\u00a7 140 UGB regulate regarding the exclusion of a shareholder?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"\\u00a7 140 UGB enables the remaining shareholders of an OG or KG to exclude a shareholder for an important reason instead of dissolving the company. The aim is to continue the company despite unreasonable cooperation with a shareholder. \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"When is there an important reason for the exclusion of a shareholder?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"An important reason exists if the continuation of the company with the shareholder concerned is unreasonable. Examples include gross breaches of duty, destruction of the relationship of trust, culpable damage to the company or sustained disruptions in the company relationship. \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Who may bring the action for exclusion?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The action can only be brought jointly by all other shareholders. If the cooperation of even one entitled party is missing, the action is inadmissible. The shareholders form a necessary community of litigants.  \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is the purpose of the action for exclusion?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The action for exclusion serves to protect the company and the remaining shareholders. It should not serve to improve the economic situation, but to secure the ability of the company to act and function if mitigating measures are not sufficient. \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How does the judicial procedure work?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The action is brought before the competent regional court. The court examines whether there is an important reason, whether milder means would be possible and whether the exclusion is proportionate. Only with legal force of the judgment does the shareholder lose his membership rights.  \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What are the legal consequences of expelling a shareholder?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Upon the judgment becoming legally binding, the shareholder ceases to be a member of the company. They are entitled to compensation for their share. If only one shareholder remains, they acquire the company's assets by way of universal succession.  \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What are the differences compared to the dissolution of the company under \\u00a7 133 UGB?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"While \\u00a7 133 UGB aims at the dissolution of the company, \\u00a7 140 UGB allows for the exclusion of individual shareholders to ensure the continuation of the business. Both procedures require a compelling reason that must be personal in nature. \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"When is an expulsion not permissible?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"An exclusion is impermissible if milder measures such as the revocation of management authority, claims for injunctive relief, or damages are sufficient. Furthermore, the exclusion must not merely serve the economic interests of the remaining shareholders. \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Why should the expulsion of a shareholder be accompanied by legal counsel?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The action for expulsion is a complex corporate law procedure with high evidentiary and formal requirements. An experienced lawyer ensures that the action is filed timely, completely, and legally soundly, and provides guidance throughout the entire process. \"}}]}<\/script><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-ausg1a2b3c4d \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">What does \u00a7 140 UGB regulate regarding the exclusion of a shareholder?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>\u00a7 140 UGB enables the remaining shareholders of an OG or KG to exclude a shareholder for an important reason instead of dissolving the company. The aim is to continue the company despite unreasonable cooperation with a shareholder. <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-ausg2b4c6d8e \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">When is there an important reason for the exclusion of a shareholder?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>An important reason exists if the continuation of the company with the shareholder concerned is unreasonable. Examples include gross breaches of duty, destruction of the relationship of trust, culpable damage to the company or sustained disruptions in the company relationship. <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-ausg3c5d7e9f \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Who may bring the action for exclusion?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>The action can only be brought jointly by all other shareholders. If the cooperation of even one entitled party is missing, the action is inadmissible. The shareholders form a necessary community of litigants.  <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-ausg4d6e8f1a \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">What is the purpose of the action for exclusion?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>The action for exclusion serves to protect the company and the remaining shareholders. It should not serve to improve the economic situation, but to secure the ability of the company to act and function if mitigating measures are not sufficient. <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-ausg5e7f9a2b \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">How does the judicial procedure work?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>The action is brought before the competent regional court. The court examines whether there is an important reason, whether milder means would be possible and whether the exclusion is proportionate. Only with legal force of the judgment does the shareholder lose his membership rights.  <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-ausg6f8a1b3c \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">What are the legal consequences of expelling a shareholder?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Upon the judgment becoming legally binding, the shareholder ceases to be a member of the company. They are entitled to compensation for their share. If only one shareholder remains, they acquire the company&#8217;s assets by way of universal succession.  <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-ausg7a9b2c4d \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">What are the differences compared to the dissolution of the company under \u00a7 133 UGB?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>While \u00a7 133 UGB aims at the dissolution of the company, \u00a7 140 UGB allows for the exclusion of individual shareholders to ensure the continuation of the business. Both procedures require a compelling reason that must be personal in nature. <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-ausg8b1c3d5e \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">When is an expulsion not permissible?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>An exclusion is impermissible if milder measures such as the revocation of management authority, claims for injunctive relief, or damages are sufficient. Furthermore, the exclusion must not merely serve the economic interests of the remaining shareholders. <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-ausg9c2d4e6f \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Why should the expulsion of a shareholder be accompanied by legal counsel?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>The action for expulsion is a complex corporate law procedure with high evidentiary and formal requirements. An experienced lawyer ensures that the action is filed timely, completely, and legally soundly, and provides guidance throughout the entire process. <\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Action for Exclusion of a Shareholder The action for exclusion according to \u00a7 140 UGB enables the remaining shareholders of an OG or KG to continue the company if cooperation &#8230;","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":29162,"parent":40420,"menu_order":36,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[329],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31626","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-corporate-law"],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Klage-auf-Ausschliessung-eines-Gesellschafters.webp",1920,1080,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Klage-auf-Ausschliessung-eines-Gesellschafters-100x100.webp",100,100,true],"medium":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Klage-auf-Ausschliessung-eines-Gesellschafters-800x450.webp",800,450,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Klage-auf-Ausschliessung-eines-Gesellschafters.webp",1920,1080,false],"large":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Klage-auf-Ausschliessung-eines-Gesellschafters.webp",1920,1080,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Klage-auf-Ausschliessung-eines-Gesellschafters.webp",1536,864,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Klage-auf-Ausschliessung-eines-Gesellschafters.webp",1920,1080,false],"336x":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Klage-auf-Ausschliessung-eines-Gesellschafters-336x189.webp",336,189,true],"352x":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Klage-auf-Ausschliessung-eines-Gesellschafters-352x198.webp",352,198,true],"woocommerce_thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Klage-auf-Ausschliessung-eines-Gesellschafters-300x300.webp",300,300,true],"woocommerce_single":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Klage-auf-Ausschliessung-eines-Gesellschafters-600x338.webp",600,338,true],"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Klage-auf-Ausschliessung-eines-Gesellschafters-100x100.webp",100,100,true],"yarpp-thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Klage-auf-Ausschliessung-eines-Gesellschafters-120x120.webp",120,120,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Lena Hirner","author_link":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/author\/lena-hirner\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Action for Exclusion of a Shareholder The action for exclusion according to \u00a7 140 UGB enables the remaining shareholders of an OG or KG to continue the company if cooperation ...","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/31626","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31626"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/31626\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/40420"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29162"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31626"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31626"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31626"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}