{"id":31395,"date":"2025-11-14T14:21:25","date_gmt":"2025-11-14T13:21:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/abduction-of-a-minor\/"},"modified":"2025-11-24T20:16:35","modified_gmt":"2025-11-24T19:16:35","slug":"abduction-of-a-minor","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/criminal-law\/abduction-of-a-minor\/","title":{"rendered":"Abduction of a Minor"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Abduction of a Minor<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-entfuhrung-einer-unmundigen-person\" data-level=\"2\">Abduction of a Minor<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-objektiver-tatbestand\" data-level=\"2\">objective elements of the offence<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-prufungsschritte\" data-level=\"3\">Steps of legal assessment<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-qualifizierende-umstande\" data-level=\"2\">Qualifying circumstances<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-abgrenzung-zu-anderen-delikten\" data-level=\"2\">Distinction from other offences<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-konkurrenzen\" data-level=\"3\">Concurrences:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-beweislast-amp-beweiswurdigung\" data-level=\"2\">Burden of proof and evaluation of evidence<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-praxisbeispiele\" data-level=\"2\">Practical example<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-subjektiver-tatbestand\" data-level=\"2\">subjective elements of the offence<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-schuld-amp-irrtumer\" data-level=\"2\">Culpability and mistakes<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-strafaufhebung-amp-diversion\" data-level=\"2\">Extinction of punishment and diversion<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-rucktritt-und-tatige-reue\" data-level=\"3\">Withdrawal and Active Repentance:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-nachtragliche-wiedergutmachung\" data-level=\"3\">Subsequent Reparation:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-diversion\" data-level=\"3\">Diversion:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-ausschluss-der-diversion\" data-level=\"3\">Exclusion of diversion:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-strafzumessung-amp-folgen\" data-level=\"2\">Sentencing and consequences<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-erschwerungsgrunde-bestehen-insbesondere-wenn\" data-level=\"3\">Aggravating factors exist in particular if<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-milderungsgrunde-sind-etwa\" data-level=\"3\">Mitigating factors include<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-strafrahmen\" data-level=\"2\">Penalty range<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-geldstrafe-tagessatzsystem\" data-level=\"2\">Monetary penalty \u2013 Day-fine system<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-freiheitsstrafe-amp-teil-bedingte-nachsicht\" data-level=\"2\">Imprisonment and (partially) suspended sentence<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-zustandigkeit-der-gerichte\" data-level=\"2\">Jurisdiction of the courts<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-sachliche-zustandigkeit\" data-level=\"3\">Subject-matter jurisdiction<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-ortliche-zustandigkeit\" data-level=\"3\">Local jurisdiction<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-instanzenzug\" data-level=\"3\">Hierarchy of courts<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-zivilanspruche-im-strafverfahren\" data-level=\"2\">Civil claims in criminal proceedings<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-strafverfahren-im-uberblick\" data-level=\"2\">Overview of criminal proceedings<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-beschuldigtenrechte\" data-level=\"2\">Rights of the accused<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-praxis-amp-verhaltenstipps\" data-level=\"2\">Practical guidance and behavioural advice<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-ihre-vorteile-mit-anwaltlicher-unterstutzung\" data-level=\"2\">Your Benefits with Legal Assistance<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-faq-haufig-gestellte-fragen\" data-level=\"2\">FAQ &#8211; Frequently Asked Questions<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-entfuhrung-einer-unmundigen-person\">Abduction of a Minor<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The abduction of a minor according to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=101&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 101 StGB<\/a> constitutes a serious crime against personal liberty and the sexual integrity of minors. It covers the taking away or detaining of a child under fourteen years of age against or without the will of the legal guardians, if the perpetrator thereby intends that the child be sexually abused by himself or a third party. This protects not only the physical and mental integrity of the child, but also the parental right to upbringing and care. The offense lies in the targeted removal of the child from the lawful sphere of protection and upbringing, in order to expose it to foreign, dangerous influence.   <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-3019fe8e alignfull uagb-is-root-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-32585033\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Abduction of a child under 14 years of age according to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=101&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 101 StGB<\/a>, for the purpose of sexual exploitation or exposure to abuse by third parties.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-45819ab6\"><picture>\n\t\t<source srcset=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7101-Entfuehrung-einer-unmuendigen-Person-352x198.webp\" >\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-picture-small\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7101-Entfuehrung-einer-unmuendigen-Person.webp\" alt=\"Abduction of a Child according to \u00a7 101 StGB explained: When taking away or detaining is punishable and what penalties apply.\" >\n\t<\/picture>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-objektiver-tatbestand\">objective elements of the offence<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The offense of <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=101&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 101 StGB<\/a><\/strong> protects the <strong>liberty, sexual integrity, and custody rights<\/strong> with regard to <strong>minors<\/strong>. Punishable is anyone who takes away or detains a minor <strong>against or without the will of the legal guardians<\/strong>, <strong>in order to sexually exploit them or hand them over to a third party for abuse<\/strong>. This protects not only the physical and mental integrity of the minor, but also the right of the parents to determine their whereabouts and upbringing.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An <strong>abduction<\/strong> occurs when the minor is <strong>removed from their previous place of residence<\/strong> and thereby <strong>withdrawn from the sphere of influence of the custodians<\/strong>. Even a slight change of location is sufficient if it <strong>ends the actual access of the legal guardians<\/strong>. Force is not required; <strong>deception, persuasion, psychological pressure, or exploitation of trust<\/strong> are sufficient, provided they are aimed at an actual removal. It is crucial that the act occurs <strong>against or without the free will<\/strong> of the legal guardians.   <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Minors are particularly <strong>vulnerable and easily influenced<\/strong>. The offense lies in <strong>exploiting this dependency<\/strong> to remove the person from lawful care and place them in a situation where they become <strong>available<\/strong> to the perpetrator or a third party. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-prufungsschritte\">Steps of legal assessment<\/h3>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tatsubjekt\">Perpetrator:<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Any person who determines, influences, or arranges the whereabouts of a minor.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tatobjekt\">Victim<strong>:<\/strong> <\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The victim is a <strong>minor<\/strong>, i.e., someone who has not yet completed their <strong>fourteenth year of life<\/strong>. Gender, origin, or social status are irrelevant. Crucial are the age and the fact that the person is <strong>under parental or legal custody<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Minors cannot properly assess sexual acts. They are therefore considered incapable of judgment and must be particularly protected. They do not independently recognize the consequences of sexual influences or an abduction. If someone deliberately leads a child into such a situation, they already fulfill the protective purpose of the law.<br\/>If a change of location occurs thereafter, a completed offense exists.   <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tathandlung\">Act: <\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An abduction according to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=101&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 101 StGB<\/a> occurs when a minor is taken to another place or detained there against or without the will of their legal guardians, in order to have them sexually abused or to abuse them oneself.<br\/>Typical acts include:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Taking away<\/strong> from the parental home, school, care facility, or another familiar environment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Transporting<\/strong> to a place where the minor can be more easily controlled or influenced unnoticed, for example, into an apartment, a vehicle, or a secluded environment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Deception or manipulation<\/strong>, for example, by feigning false intentions (&#8220;I&#8217;ll take you to your parents&#8221;) or by <strong>exploiting trust or dependency<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No abduction occurs if the legal guardians have <strong>expressly consented<\/strong> to the transfer or if the act <strong>does not pursue a sexual purpose<\/strong>. A supposed consent of the minor themselves is <strong>ineffective<\/strong>, as they legally <strong>cannot dispose of their sexual self-determination<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The act must lead to an <strong>actual change of location<\/strong>. Mere detention at the same location without taking away can, depending on the facts, constitute <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/criminal-law\/deprivation-of-liberty\/\">deprivation of liberty according to \u00a7 99 StGB<\/a><\/strong>, but does not fulfill the elements of the offense of <strong>abduction of a minor<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-taterfolg\">Result of the Offense:  <\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The result of the offense consists in the <strong>completed removal of the minor<\/strong> from the parental or legal sphere of protection. Crucial is that the perpetrator creates a situation in which the affected person is <strong>outside parental control<\/strong> and is thereby <strong>exposed to a concrete risk of abuse<\/strong>. Even someone who merely facilitates the transport or provides a location can fulfill the elements of the offense <strong>as a co-perpetrator or contributor<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-kausalitat\">Causality:<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The perpetrator&#8217;s act is <strong>causal<\/strong> if, without it, the minor would not have been removed from the care of the legal guardians. Any act that brings about or maintains the <strong>removal from the lawful sphere of protection<\/strong> is considered causal. Even an <strong>apparent voluntariness<\/strong> of the minor does not negate causality if the actual removal is brought about solely by the perpetrator&#8217;s conduct.  <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-objektive-zurechnung\">Objective Attribution: <\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The result is <strong>objectively attributable<\/strong> to the perpetrator if they <strong>consciously create a situation<\/strong> in which the minor is removed from the access of their parents or guardians and exposed to the <strong>risk of sexual abuse<\/strong>. A lawful transfer only exists if it occurs on a <strong>legal basis<\/strong> or with the <strong>express consent of the custodians<\/strong>. Any other form of taking away that aims at <strong>sexual exploitation<\/strong> is <strong>unlawful<\/strong> and fulfills the objective elements of the offense of <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=101&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 101 StGB<\/a><\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-qualifizierende-umstande\">Qualifying Circumstances<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Severe Consequences:<\/strong> If the victim suffers severe physical or psychological harm as a result of the abduction, an <strong>aggravating circumstance<\/strong> exists.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Duration of Abduction:<\/strong> A <strong>prolonged deprivation of liberty<\/strong> can lead to the application of a higher penalty framework.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Multiple Offenses:<\/strong> Anyone who abducts multiple persons or acts repeatedly will be punished more severely.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-peter-harlander\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/ph100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Peter Harlander<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eQualifizierende Umst\u00e4nde versch\u00e4rfen das Unrecht, weil sie das Ma\u00df der Schutzlosigkeit und des Vertrauensbruchs erh\u00f6hen.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-abgrenzung-zu-anderen-delikten\">Distinction from other offences<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The offense of <strong>abduction of a minor<\/strong> clearly distinguishes itself from other offenses against liberty and sexual offenses. While <strong>deprivation of liberty<\/strong> already covers <strong>mere detention at the same location<\/strong>, <strong>abduction of a minor<\/strong> requires a <strong>change of location against or without the will of the legal guardians<\/strong>, which is associated with an <strong>intent of sexual exploitation<\/strong>. A particularly <strong>vulnerable age group<\/strong> is protected, whose lack of judgment and legal dependency the perpetrator deliberately exploits to remove them from <strong>parental or legal custody<\/strong> and place them in a <strong>situation at risk of abuse<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/criminal-law\/deprivation-of-liberty\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>\u00a7 99 StGB \u2013 Deprivation of Liberty:<\/strong> <\/a>Covers the <strong>imprisonment or detention<\/strong> of a person against or without their will, without a change of location being necessary. Even a short-term restriction of freedom of movement is sufficient.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/criminal-law\/abduction-of-a-mentally-ill-or-defenseless-person\/\">\u00a7 100 StGB \u2013 Abduction of a Mentally Ill or Defenseless Person:<\/a><\/strong> Concerns the <strong>taking away or transporting of a person<\/strong> who, due to <strong>mental illness or defenselessness<\/strong>, is unable to decide on their whereabouts. Here, the <strong>liberty and sexual self-determination<\/strong> of persons who cannot protect themselves are protected. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00a7 102 StGB \u2013 Hostage-Taking:<\/strong> Occurs when a person is <strong>detained or abducted<\/strong> in order to <strong>compel a third party or authority to act in a certain way<\/strong>. The deprivation of liberty here is a <strong>means of extortion or coercion<\/strong> and is <strong>consumed by the more serious offense<\/strong>. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00a7\u00a7 205 to 207 StGB \u2013 Sexual Abuse of Minors:<\/strong><br\/>If <strong>actual sexual abuse<\/strong> occurs in the course of the abduction, a <strong>true concurrence<\/strong> exists. The abduction then constitutes an <strong>independent wrong<\/strong> because it additionally violates the <strong>custody right<\/strong> and the <strong>freedom of residence<\/strong>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=101&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 101 StGB<\/a> is therefore <strong>not consumed<\/strong>, but <strong>punished separately alongside the sexual offenses<\/strong>. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00a7<a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/criminal-law\/bodily-harm\/\">\u00a7 83<\/a> to <a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/criminal-law\/intentional-grievous-bodily-harm\/\">87 StGB<\/a> \u2013 Offenses of Bodily Harm:<\/strong> Protect <strong>physical integrity<\/strong>. If <strong>mistreatment, restraint, or injuries<\/strong> occur during the abduction, <strong>true concurrence<\/strong> also exists, because in addition to liberty, physical integrity is also violated. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-konkurrenzen\">Concurrences:<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>True Concurrence:<\/strong> True concurrence exists when the <strong>abduction of a minor<\/strong> is committed together with other <strong>independent offenses<\/strong>, such as <strong>sexual abuse<\/strong>, <strong>bodily harm<\/strong>, or <strong>dangerous threats<\/strong>. In such cases, all acts are <strong>punished separately<\/strong> because they violate different legal interests. Protected are <strong>personal liberty<\/strong>, <strong>physical integrity<\/strong>, <strong>sexual integrity<\/strong>, and <strong>parental right to upbringing<\/strong>. The abduction remains independently punishable because it already constitutes a separate wrong in the <strong>removal of the child from the lawful sphere of protection<\/strong>.   <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>False Concurrence:<\/strong> False concurrence only exists if the abduction is <strong>exclusively part of a more serious offense<\/strong>, such as <strong>extortionate abduction according to \u00a7 102 StGB<\/strong>. In these cases, the more serious offense covers the entire wrongful content, which is why <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=101&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 101 StGB<\/a><\/strong> is not additionally applied. However, if the abduction occurs with <strong>sexual intent<\/strong>, it remains <strong>independently punishable<\/strong>, even if abuse occurs later.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Plurality of Offenses:<\/strong> Anyone who abducts <strong>multiple minors<\/strong> or commits <strong>the same act multiple times<\/strong> will be punished separately for each act. Each abduction constitutes a <strong>separate offense<\/strong>, even if they are closely related in time or arise from the same intent. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Continued Offense:<\/strong> If a minor is detained or moved <strong>against or without the will of the legal guardians<\/strong> over a longer period or at different locations, the entire conduct is considered a <strong>single offense<\/strong>, as long as the perpetrator&#8217;s intent persists. A change of location or circumstances does not alter this. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Overall, the <strong>abduction of a minor<\/strong> remains an <strong>independent offense<\/strong>. Only if it serves <strong>exclusively the execution of extortion<\/strong> is it covered by the <strong>more serious offense<\/strong>. The law ensures that <strong>every violation of liberty, sexual integrity, and parental protection rights<\/strong> is independently assessed and punished.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-beweislast-amp-beweiswurdigung\">Burden of proof and evaluation of evidence<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Public Prosecutor&#8217;s Office:<\/strong> bears the <strong>burden of proof<\/strong> for the <strong>existence of an abduction<\/strong>, its <strong>duration and purpose<\/strong>, as well as for the <strong>connection between the act and the resulting consequence<\/strong>. It must prove that the <strong>minor<\/strong> was removed from their <strong>lawful sphere of protection<\/strong> or detained there against or without the will of the <strong>legal guardians<\/strong>, and was thereby <strong>withdrawn from parental control<\/strong>. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Court:<\/strong> examines and <strong>evaluates all evidence in its overall context<\/strong>. Inappropriate or <strong>illegally obtained evidence<\/strong> may not be used. Crucial is whether the minor was <strong>actually abducted from the care of the legal guardians<\/strong> and <strong>brought into the perpetrator&#8217;s sphere of influence<\/strong>.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Accused Person:<\/strong> has <strong>no burden of proof<\/strong>, but can point out <strong>doubts regarding criminal intent, purpose, or the actual removal from custody<\/strong>. Likewise, they may point out <strong>contradictions, gaps in evidence, or unclear expert opinions<\/strong>. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Typical evidence<\/strong> includes <strong>medical reports<\/strong> on injuries or stress reactions, <strong>witness statements<\/strong> on the course of the transfer, <strong>video or surveillance material<\/strong>, <strong>digital location data<\/strong> such as GPS or mobile phone protocols, as well as <strong>traces on vehicles, clothing, or doors<\/strong>. In individual cases, <strong>pedagogical or psychological expert opinions<\/strong> may also be significant, for example, regarding the question of whether the minor could grasp the nature of the situation. <\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/en\/about-us\/sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Attorneys<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201ePraxisf\u00e4lle zeigen, dass Entf\u00fchrung h\u00e4ufig durch T\u00e4uschung oder Vertrauen beginnt \u2013 nicht durch Gewalt.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-praxisbeispiele\">Practical example<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Abduction from the School Environment<\/strong>: A minor is picked up after class by an acquaintance. He pretends to act on behalf of the parents. Instead of taking her home, he drives her to another location. There, he tries to influence or sexually harass the child. Even without force, a punishable abduction exists because the child is removed from the protection of the parents.    <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Deception and Manipulation:<\/strong> A perpetrator <strong>promises a child a reward or an outing<\/strong> to induce them to come along. The child follows unsuspectingly because they trust the perpetrator. This <strong>deception is already sufficient<\/strong> if it serves to <strong>remove the child from parental care<\/strong> and <strong>expose them to the risk of abuse<\/strong>. Crucial is the <strong>intent of sexual exploitation<\/strong>, not whether abuse actually occurs.   <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These examples illustrate that merely <strong>transporting a minor from their lawful sphere of protection<\/strong> fulfills the <strong>wrongful content of abduction according to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=101&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 101 StGB<\/a><\/strong>. Crucial is the <strong>targeted termination of parental supervision<\/strong> combined with the <strong>intent of sexual exploitation<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-subjektiver-tatbestand\">subjective elements of the offence<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The perpetrator acts <strong>intentionally<\/strong> and with a <strong>specific intent<\/strong>. They know, or at least seriously consider it possible, that they are abducting or detaining a <strong>minor against or without the parents&#8217; will<\/strong> in order to <strong>sexually abuse or otherwise exploit<\/strong> them. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No intent exists if the perpetrator <strong>believes<\/strong> the child went <strong>voluntarily<\/strong> or the parents had <strong>consented<\/strong>. If they act out of <strong>care or protective intent<\/strong>, without sexual or other exploitative intent, there is <strong>no criminal abduction<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is crucial that the perpetrator <strong>consciously recognizes and abuses the child&#8217;s inexperience, trust, or dependence<\/strong> to gain <strong>power over the situation<\/strong>. Anyone who acts in this way fulfills the <strong>subjective elements of the offense<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-schuld-amp-irrtumer\">Culpability and mistakes<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/criminal-law\/legal-error\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mistake of law<\/a>:<\/strong> A mistake of law is only excusable if it was <strong>unavoidable<\/strong>. Anyone who deliberately removes or detains a minor from their protective sphere cannot claim they were unaware of the act&#8217;s criminality. Everyone must inform themselves about the <strong>legal boundaries of their actions<\/strong>, especially when it concerns minors.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Principle of culpability:<\/strong> Only those who act <strong>culpably<\/strong> are punishable. Abduction requires <strong>intentional conduct<\/strong> and the <strong>intent to exploit<\/strong>. Anyone who mistakenly assumes that the person concerned <strong>goes voluntarily<\/strong> or <strong>consents with capacity for judgment<\/strong> does not act culpably, but at most <strong>negligently<\/strong>, which <strong>does not cover<\/strong> the abduction of a mentally ill or defenseless person. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lack of criminal responsibility:<\/strong> No culpability applies to someone who, at the time of the act, was unable to understand the wrongfulness of their actions or to act accordingly due to a <strong>severe mental disorder<\/strong> or a <strong>pathological impairment of control capacity<\/strong>. If doubts exist, a <strong>psychiatric assessment<\/strong> must be obtained. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/criminal-law\/exculpatory-necessity\/\">Excusable necessity<\/a>:<\/strong> This exists if the act is committed in an <strong>extreme coercive situation<\/strong>, for example, to avert an <strong>acute danger to one&#8217;s own life or the lives of others<\/strong>. In such cases, the conduct may be <strong>excusable, but not lawful<\/strong>. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/criminal-law\/erroneous-assumption-of-justifying-circumstances\/\">Putative self-defense<\/a>:<\/strong> Anyone who mistakenly believes they are <strong>entitled to detain<\/strong>, for example, because they assume they must <strong>avert a danger or protect someone<\/strong>, acts <strong>without intent<\/strong> if the mistake is <strong>genuine and understandable<\/strong>. If a <strong>breach of duty of care<\/strong> nevertheless remains, the conduct may have a <strong>mitigating<\/strong>, but not <strong>justifying<\/strong> effect. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strafaufhebung-amp-diversion\">Extinction of punishment and diversion<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-rucktritt-und-tatige-reue\">Withdrawal and Active Repentance:<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The perpetrator can <strong>significantly reduce<\/strong> their sentence if they <strong>voluntarily release<\/strong> the child or <strong>return them to a safe environment<\/strong> before anything worse happens. The abduction is considered ended as soon as the child <strong>is again under parental protection<\/strong>. It is important that the perpetrator <strong>acts on their own initiative<\/strong>, <strong>does not follow external coercion<\/strong>, and <strong>shows genuine insight<\/strong>. Only those who <strong>voluntarily cease<\/strong> their conduct and <strong>recognize the wrongfulness<\/strong> can hope for <strong>sentence mitigation or, in exceptional cases, annulment of punishment<\/strong>.   <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-nachtragliche-wiedergutmachung\">Subsequent Reparation:<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the perpetrator makes efforts after the act for <strong>apology, assistance, or compensation<\/strong>, the court may <strong>consider this conduct as mitigating<\/strong>. This includes, for example, <strong>a sincere apology<\/strong>, <strong>support for the victim<\/strong>, or <strong>compensation for material and emotional damages<\/strong>. Anyone who <strong>takes responsibility and actively makes amends<\/strong> shows that they have understood their act.  <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-diversion\">Diversion:<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The court can <strong>terminate the proceedings without a conviction<\/strong> if the <strong>culpability is minor<\/strong>, the <strong>facts are clear<\/strong>, and the perpetrator is <strong>remorseful<\/strong>. However, diversion is <strong>only possible in exceptional cases<\/strong>, as abduction usually constitutes a <strong>serious violation of freedom and sexual integrity<\/strong>. If no sexual exploitation occurs, the court may order <strong>monetary payments<\/strong>, <strong>community service<\/strong>, or <strong>victim-offender mediation<\/strong>. If the proceedings are concluded in this way, there is <strong>no conviction and no entry in the criminal record<\/strong>.   <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ausschluss-der-diversion\">Exclusion of Diversion:<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Diversion is <strong>not an option<\/strong> if the perpetrator <strong>uses violence<\/strong>, <strong>threatens<\/strong>, <strong>pursues sexual intentions<\/strong>, or <strong>severely burdens the victim physically or mentally<\/strong>. Only in <strong>milder exceptional cases<\/strong>, for example, in the event of a <strong>misunderstanding without intent to exploit<\/strong>, can the court consider an <strong>alternative solution through confession, insight, and reparation<\/strong>. <\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/en\/about-us\/sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Attorneys<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eWer die Schutzlosigkeit erkennt und sie f\u00fcr eigene Zwecke nutzt, handelt mit vollem Unrechtsbewusstsein.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strafzumessung-amp-folgen\">Sentencing and consequences<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The court <strong>determines the sentence<\/strong> based on the <strong>gravity of the offense<\/strong>, the <strong>duration of the deprivation of liberty<\/strong>, and the <strong>degree of exploitation<\/strong>. It is crucial whether the perpetrator <strong>deliberately placed the child in a defenseless situation<\/strong> and <strong>intentionally exploited or prolonged<\/strong> this situation. The <strong>motives<\/strong>, such as <strong>sexual intentions<\/strong>, <strong>abuse of power<\/strong>, or <strong>humiliation<\/strong>, also influence the severity of the sentence.  <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-erschwerungsgrunde-bestehen-insbesondere-wenn\">Aggravating Factors Exist in Particular If<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the perpetrator commits the act <strong>methodically or over a longer period<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>inflicts <strong>physical or psychological suffering<\/strong> on the victim,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>uses <strong>violence, deception, or threats<\/strong> to maintain the deprivation,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>or has <strong>relevant prior convictions<\/strong> and <strong>deliberately exploits the child&#8217;s helplessness<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-milderungsgrunde-sind-etwa\">Mitigating Factors Include<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>if the offender <strong>has no prior record<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>if they <strong>make a confession<\/strong> or <strong>show genuine remorse<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>if they <strong>voluntarily release the victim<\/strong> before more severe consequences occur,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>if they make <strong>efforts towards reparation or support<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>if they were <strong>exceptionally overwhelmed or under severe psychological stress<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>or if the <strong>criminal proceedings have taken an excessively long time<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A <strong>prison sentence<\/strong> can be <strong>conditionally suspended<\/strong> by the court if it <strong>does not exceed two years<\/strong> and the perpetrator is considered <strong>socially stable<\/strong>. They then remain <strong>at liberty<\/strong> but must prove themselves during a <strong>probationary period of one to three years<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Additionally, the court can <strong>issue directives<\/strong>, such as <strong>ordering therapy<\/strong>, <strong>demanding compensation for damages<\/strong>, or <strong>implementing probation assistance<\/strong>, to promote <strong>insight and reintegration<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strafrahmen\">Penalty Range<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For the <strong>abduction of a minor<\/strong>, a <strong>prison sentence of six months to five years<\/strong> is threatened. The sentence depends on <strong>how severely the child is affected<\/strong> and <strong>what intention the perpetrator pursues<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The court examines whether the child was <strong>removed from parental protection<\/strong> and whether there was <strong>a risk of sexual exploitation<\/strong>. Even the attempt to place a child in such a situation is serious. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The more <strong>planned, prolonged, or cruel<\/strong> the approach, the <strong>harsher the sentence<\/strong> will be. If the perpetrator <strong>deliberately placed the child in a defenseless situation<\/strong> to exploit them, this will be punished particularly severely. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In <strong>milder cases<\/strong>, for example, if <strong>no abuse occurs<\/strong> and the child <strong>returns quickly<\/strong>, the court may impose a <strong>suspended prison sentence<\/strong> or a <strong>fine<\/strong>. In cases of <strong>sexual exploitation, violence, or prolonged detention<\/strong>, however, a <strong>multi-year unsuspended prison sentence<\/strong> within the legal framework is threatened. <\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-peter-harlander\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/ph100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Peter Harlander<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eSchon der Versuch, ein Kind zu manipulieren oder zu entfernen, kann strafbar sein \u2013 das Gesetz sch\u00fctzt pr\u00e4ventiv.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-geldstrafe-tagessatzsystem\">Monetary Penalty \u2013 Day-fine System<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Austrian criminal law calculates monetary penalties according to the <strong>day-fine system<\/strong>. The <strong>number of day-fines<\/strong> depends on the <strong>guilt<\/strong>, the <strong>amount per day<\/strong> depends on the <strong>financial capacity<\/strong>. In this way, the penalty is adapted to the personal circumstances and yet remains noticeable.  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Range:<\/strong> up to <strong>720 day-fines<\/strong> \u2013 at least <strong>4 euros<\/strong>, at most <strong>5,000 euros<\/strong> per day.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Practical formula:<\/strong> Approximately <strong>6 months imprisonment corresponds to around 360 day-fines<\/strong>. This conversion serves only as <strong>orientation<\/strong> and is <strong>not a rigid scheme<\/strong>. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>In case of non-payment:<\/strong> The court can impose a <strong>substitute custodial sentence<\/strong>. As a rule, the following applies: <strong>1 day of substitute custodial sentence corresponds to 2 day-fines<\/strong>. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-freiheitsstrafe-amp-teil-bedingte-nachsicht\">Imprisonment and (partially) suspended sentence<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a7 37 StGB: <strong>For offenses punishable by up to five years imprisonment<\/strong>, the court can <strong>replace a short prison sentence of up to one year with a fine<\/strong>. This provision aims to avoid short prison sentences and allows for a fine <strong>if neither specific nor general preventive reasons<\/strong> require the execution of a prison sentence. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a7 43 StGB: A prison sentence can be <strong>conditionally suspended<\/strong> if it <strong>does not exceed two years<\/strong> and the convicted person is certified to have a <strong>positive social prognosis<\/strong>. The <strong>probationary period is one to three years<\/strong>. If it is completed without revocation, the sentence is considered <strong>finally suspended<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a7 43a StGB: The <strong>partially suspended sentence<\/strong> allows a combination of <strong>unsuspended and suspended parts of the sentence<\/strong>. For prison sentences of <strong>more than six months up to two years<\/strong>, a part can be <strong>conditionally suspended<\/strong> or replaced by a <strong>fine of up to 720 day-fines<\/strong> if this <strong>appears appropriate<\/strong> under the circumstances. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/criminal-law\/probation-assistance-and-instructions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7\u00a7 50 to 52 StGB:<\/a> The court can additionally <strong>issue directives<\/strong> and <strong>order probation assistance<\/strong>. Typical directives concern <strong>compensation for damages<\/strong>, <strong>participation in therapy or counseling<\/strong>, <strong>contact or residency prohibitions<\/strong>, and <strong>measures for social stabilization<\/strong>. The goal is the <strong>prevention of further offenses<\/strong> and the <strong>promotion of lasting legal rehabilitation<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-zustandigkeit-der-gerichte\">Jurisdiction of the courts<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sachliche-zustandigkeit\">Subject-matter Jurisdiction<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In cases of <strong>abduction of a minor<\/strong>, the <strong>Regional Court as a single judge<\/strong> usually decides, as the sentencing framework ranges <strong>from six months to five years imprisonment<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, if there is a <strong>concurrence with other serious offenses<\/strong>, such as <strong>sexual abuse, bodily harm, or coercion<\/strong>, the <strong>Regional Court as a lay judge court<\/strong> is competent.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A <strong>jury court<\/strong> is not considered, because the offense <strong>does not provide for life imprisonment<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ortliche-zustandigkeit\">Local Jurisdiction<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>court of the place of offense<\/strong> decides on the criminal matter. The competent court is the one in whose district the act is <strong>begun, carried out, or completed<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the place of offense <strong>cannot be clearly determined<\/strong>, jurisdiction is determined by the <strong>defendant&#8217;s place of residence<\/strong>, the <strong>place of arrest<\/strong>, or the <strong>seat of the competent public prosecutor&#8217;s office<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The proceedings <strong>are conducted there<\/strong> where an <strong>expedient and appropriate execution<\/strong> is best ensured.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-instanzenzug\">Hierarchy of Courts<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Appeals against judgments of the <strong>Regional Court<\/strong> are permissible to the <strong>Higher Regional Court<\/strong>.<br\/>Decisions of the <strong>Higher Regional Court<\/strong> can be challenged with an <strong>appeal on points of nullity or appeal<\/strong> before the <strong>Supreme Court<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-zivilanspruche-im-strafverfahren\">Civil claims in criminal proceedings<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In cases of <strong>abduction of a minor<\/strong>, the <strong>parents or legal guardians<\/strong>, as <strong>private parties<\/strong> in the criminal proceedings, can assert <strong>civil claims<\/strong>. These include <strong>pain and suffering compensation<\/strong>, <strong>therapy and treatment costs<\/strong>, <strong>loss of earnings<\/strong>, <strong>care costs<\/strong>, as well as <strong>compensation for emotional distress<\/strong> and other <strong>consequential damages<\/strong> resulting from the act. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>joining as a private party<\/strong> suspends the <strong>statute of limitations<\/strong> for these claims as long as the criminal proceedings are ongoing. Only after the conclusion of the proceedings does the period begin to run again, to the extent that the claim has not been fully awarded. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A <strong>voluntary compensation for damages<\/strong>, for example through <strong>apology, financial reparation, or active support<\/strong>, can have a <strong>mitigating effect on the sentence<\/strong> if it is <strong>timely and credible<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, if the perpetrator <strong>deliberately exploited, abused, or violated the child&#8217;s dignity<\/strong>, a later reparation generally loses its mitigating effect because it can no longer <strong>compensate for the wrong committed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/en\/about-us\/sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Attorneys<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eSchmerzengeld und Betreuungskosten sind oft nur ein Teil des Leids \u2013 das Verfahren muss W\u00fcrde und Gerechtigkeit wiederherstellen.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strafverfahren-im-uberblick\">Overview of criminal proceedings<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>tart of investigation: <\/strong>formal suspect status upon concrete suspicion; from that point onward, full rights of the accused apply.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Police \/ Public Prosecutor: <\/strong>the public prosecutor directs the proceedings, the criminal police conduct the investigation; objective: dismissal of the case, diversion, or indictment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Interrogation of the accused: <\/strong>prior instruction on rights; involvement of a defense attorney leads to postponement; right to remain silent remains unaffected.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Access to the case file:<\/strong> available at the police, public prosecutor\u2019s office, or court; also includes evidence items (insofar as the purpose of the investigation is not jeopardized).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Main hearing:<\/strong> oral taking of evidence and judgment; decision on civil claims joined to the criminal proceedings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-beschuldigtenrechte\">Rights of the accused<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Information &amp; defense: <\/strong>right to notification, legal aid, free choice of defense counsel, translation assistance, and submission of evidence motions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Silence &amp; counsel:<\/strong> right to remain silent at any time; if a defense attorney is requested, the interrogation must be postponed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Duty to inform:<\/strong> prompt notification of suspicion and rights; exceptions only permitted to safeguard the purpose of the investigation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Practical access to files:<\/strong> investigation and trial records; access by third parties is restricted to protect the accused.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/en\/about-us\/sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Attorneys<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eSchweigen, Verteidigung, Akteneinsicht und Antragsrechte sind tragende Garantien eines fairen Verfahrens.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-praxis-amp-verhaltenstipps\">Practical guidance and behavioural advice<\/h2>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Maintain silence.<\/strong><br\/>A brief statement is sufficient: \u201cI am exercising my right to remain silent and will first speak with my defense counsel.\u201d<br\/>This right applies from the very first interrogation by the police or the public prosecutor. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Contact defense counsel immediately.<\/strong><br\/>No statement should be made without access to the investigation files. Only after reviewing the files can the defense assess which strategy and evidence preservation measures are appropriate. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Secure evidence immediately.<\/strong><br\/>Obtain medical reports; take photographs with date and scale and, where appropriate, X-ray or CT images. Store clothing, objects, and digital records separately. Prepare a witness list and contemporaneous recollection notes within two days at the latest.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Do not contact the opposing party.<\/strong><br\/>Your own messages, calls, or posts may be used as evidence against you. All communication should take place exclusively through your defense counsel. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Secure video and data recordings in time.<\/strong><br\/>Surveillance videos from public transport, venues, or property management systems are often automatically deleted after only a few days. Requests for data preservation must therefore be submitted immediately to the operators, the police, or the public prosecutor\u2019s office. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Document searches and seizures.<br\/>In cases of house searches or seizures, you should request a copy of the warrant or record. Note the date, time, persons involved, and all items taken. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>In case of arrest: make no statements about the matter.<\/strong><br\/>Insist on immediate notification of your defense counsel. Pre-trial detention may only be imposed if there is strong suspicion of guilt and an additional ground for detention. Less severe measures (e.g., pledge, reporting duty, contact ban) must take precedence.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prepare compensation for damages strategically.<br\/>Payments or offers of reparation should be handled and documented exclusively through defense counsel. Structured compensation for damages has a positive effect on diversion and sentencing. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ihre-vorteile-mit-anwaltlicher-unterstutzung\">Your Benefits with Legal Assistance<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Proceedings for the <strong>abduction of a minor<\/strong> belong to the <strong>most sensitive areas of Austrian criminal law<\/strong>. The offense concerns not only the <strong>child&#8217;s freedom<\/strong> but also <strong>parental custody rights<\/strong> and the <strong>protection of the sexual integrity of minors<\/strong>. Many cases are legally complex because they arise from <strong>family conflicts<\/strong>, <strong>relationships of trust<\/strong>, or <strong>misunderstandings<\/strong> in the social environment. It is often unclear whether a criminal act or misguided care actually exists.   <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Whether an abduction in the criminal law sense is present depends on <strong>whether the child was removed or detained against or without the will of the legal guardians<\/strong> and <strong>what intention the perpetrator pursued<\/strong>. Crucial is whether the child was <strong>removed from parental protection<\/strong> and thereby <strong>exposed to risks of exploitation<\/strong>. Even small differences in <strong>statements, timelines, or communication records<\/strong> can significantly alter the legal assessment.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Eine <strong>anwaltliche Vertretung von Anfang an<\/strong> ist daher besonders wichtig. Sie sorgt daf\u00fcr, dass <strong>Beweise korrekt erhoben<\/strong>, <strong>Zeugenaussagen gepr\u00fcft<\/strong> und <strong>Absichten sachlich dargestellt<\/strong> werden. Nur so l\u00e4sst sich kl\u00e4ren, ob es sich um ein strafbares Verhalten oder um ein <strong>Missverst\u00e4ndnis innerhalb famili\u00e4rer oder sozialer Beziehungen<\/strong> handelt.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Our law firm<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>pr\u00fcft, ob tats\u00e4chlich eine strafbare Entf\u00fchrung vorliegt oder ob die Handlung durch <strong>Irrtum, Einverst\u00e4ndnis oder rechtfertigende Umst\u00e4nde<\/strong> erkl\u00e4rbar ist,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>analysiert <strong>Zeugenaussagen, Kommunikationsverl\u00e4ufe und digitale Beweise<\/strong> auf Widerspr\u00fcche und Plausibilit\u00e4t,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>begleitet Sie <strong>durch das gesamte Ermittlungs- und Gerichtsverfahren<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>entwickelt eine <strong>Verteidigungsstrategie<\/strong>, die Ihre Handlungsabsicht klar und nachvollziehbar darstellt,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>und vertritt Ihre <strong>Rechte konsequent gegen\u00fcber Polizei, Staatsanwaltschaft und Gericht<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Eine <strong>strukturierte und sachlich fundierte Strafverteidigung<\/strong> gew\u00e4hrleistet, dass Ihr Verhalten <strong>rechtlich richtig eingeordnet<\/strong> wird und das Verfahren <strong>fair, objektiv und ohne Vorverurteilung<\/strong> abl\u00e4uft. So erhalten Sie eine <strong>klare und ausgewogene Vertretung<\/strong>, die auf eine <strong>gerechte und nachvollziehbare L\u00f6sung<\/strong> abzielt. <\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-peter-harlander\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/ph100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Peter Harlander<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eMachen Sie <strong>keine inhaltlichen Aussagen ohne vorherige R\u00fccksprache mit Ihrer Verteidigung<\/strong>. Sie haben jederzeit das Recht zu schweigen und eine Anw\u00e4ltin oder einen Anwalt beizuziehen. Dieses Recht gilt bereits bei der ersten polizeilichen Kontaktaufnahme. Erst nach <strong>Akteneinsicht<\/strong> l\u00e4sst sich kl\u00e4ren, ob und welche Einlassung sinnvoll ist.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-faq-haufig-gestellte-fragen\">FAQ &#8211; Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq uagb-faq__outer-wrap uagb-block-FAQ-Entfuehrung-unmuendiger-Person uagb-faq-icon-row uagb-faq-layout-accordion uagb-faq-expand-first-true uagb-faq-inactive-other-true uagb-faq__wrap uagb-buttons-layout-wrap uagb-faq-equal-height     \" data-faqtoggle=\"true\" role=\"tablist\"><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/harlander-partner.eu\\\/en\\\/criminal-law\\\/abduction-of-a-minor\\\/\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What does the law consider as the abduction of an underage person?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"An abduction occurs when a child under 14 years of age is taken away or detained against or without the will of the legal guardians, with the intention of sexually exploiting them or handing them over to a third party for abuse. The crucial factor is that the child is removed from the protective sphere of the parents. \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is the penalty for abducting a child?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The court can impose a prison sentence of six months to five years. \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Is an abduction also punishable if the child goes voluntarily?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yes. A child's consent is legally irrelevant, as underage persons cannot make decisions independently. Even if the child goes voluntarily, it is considered an abduction if the will of the parents or legal guardians is not present.  \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"When is it considered an attempted abduction?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"An attempt is already present when the perpetrator begins to remove the child from the protective sphere of the parents, but the act is not completed. Even preparatory actions that clearly aim at an abduction can be punishable. \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Can an abduction occur due to a misunderstanding?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yes, in individual cases, a misunderstanding can occur, for example, if someone believes they are acting on behalf of the parents or needs to bring the child to safety. In such cases, the court examines whether there was actually intent and purpose of exploitation. \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What role does the perpetrator's intention play?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The intention is central. Only those who abduct the child to sexually exploit it themselves or through others are punishable. If this intention is missing and the action serves another purpose, it is not an abduction in the sense of \\u00a7 101 StGB, but possibly another offense.  \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Why should one seek legal help immediately in case of an investigation?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Even small inaccuracies in statements or evidence can strongly influence the legal assessment. Experienced defense protects against misinterpretations, examines the evidence, and ensures that your rights are preserved throughout the entire proceedings. \"}}]}<\/script><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-Entfuehrung-unmuendiger-Person-Q1 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">What does the law consider as the abduction of an underage person?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>An abduction occurs when a child under 14 years of age is taken away or detained against or without the will of the legal guardians, with the intention of sexually exploiting them or handing them over to a third party for abuse. The crucial factor is that the child is removed from the protective sphere of the parents. <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-Entfuehrung-unmuendiger-Person-Q2 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">What is the penalty for abducting a child?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>The court can impose a prison sentence of six months to five years. <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-Entfuehrung-unmuendiger-Person-Q3 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Is an abduction also punishable if the child goes voluntarily?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Yes. A child&#8217;s consent is legally irrelevant, as underage persons cannot make decisions independently. Even if the child goes voluntarily, it is considered an abduction if the will of the parents or legal guardians is not present.  <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-Entfuehrung-unmuendiger-Person-Q4 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">When is it considered an attempted abduction?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>An attempt is already present when the perpetrator begins to remove the child from the protective sphere of the parents, but the act is not completed. Even preparatory actions that clearly aim at an abduction can be punishable. <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-Entfuehrung-unmuendiger-Person-Q5 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Can an abduction occur due to a misunderstanding?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Yes, in individual cases, a misunderstanding can occur, for example, if someone believes they are acting on behalf of the parents or needs to bring the child to safety. In such cases, the court examines whether there was actually intent and purpose of exploitation. <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-Entfuehrung-unmuendiger-Person-Q6 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">What role does the perpetrator&#8217;s intention play?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>The intention is central. Only those who abduct the child to sexually exploit it themselves or through others are punishable. If this intention is missing and the action serves another purpose, it is not an abduction in the sense of \u00a7 101 StGB, but possibly another offense.  <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-Entfuehrung-unmuendiger-Person-Q7 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Why should one seek legal help immediately in case of an investigation?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Even small inaccuracies in statements or evidence can strongly influence the legal assessment. Experienced defense protects against misinterpretations, examines the evidence, and ensures that your rights are preserved throughout the entire proceedings. <\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Abduction of a Minor The abduction of a minor according to \u00a7 101 StGB constitutes a serious crime against personal liberty and the sexual integrity of minors. It covers the &#8230;","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":29358,"parent":40715,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[345],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31395","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-criminal-law"],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7101-Entfuehrung-einer-unmuendigen-Person.webp",1920,1080,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7101-Entfuehrung-einer-unmuendigen-Person-100x100.webp",100,100,true],"medium":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7101-Entfuehrung-einer-unmuendigen-Person-800x450.webp",800,450,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7101-Entfuehrung-einer-unmuendigen-Person.webp",1920,1080,false],"large":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7101-Entfuehrung-einer-unmuendigen-Person.webp",1920,1080,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7101-Entfuehrung-einer-unmuendigen-Person.webp",1536,864,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7101-Entfuehrung-einer-unmuendigen-Person.webp",1920,1080,false],"336x":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7101-Entfuehrung-einer-unmuendigen-Person-336x189.webp",336,189,true],"352x":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7101-Entfuehrung-einer-unmuendigen-Person-352x198.webp",352,198,true],"woocommerce_thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7101-Entfuehrung-einer-unmuendigen-Person-300x300.webp",300,300,true],"woocommerce_single":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7101-Entfuehrung-einer-unmuendigen-Person-600x338.webp",600,338,true],"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7101-Entfuehrung-einer-unmuendigen-Person-100x100.webp",100,100,true],"yarpp-thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7101-Entfuehrung-einer-unmuendigen-Person-120x120.webp",120,120,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Simon Prem","author_link":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/author\/simon-prem\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Abduction of a Minor The abduction of a minor according to \u00a7 101 StGB constitutes a serious crime against personal liberty and the sexual integrity of minors. It covers the ...","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/31395","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31395"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/31395\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/40715"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29358"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31395"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31395"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31395"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}