{"id":120834,"date":"2026-02-23T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-02-23T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/criminal-law\/private-prosecutor\/"},"modified":"2026-02-23T12:05:25","modified_gmt":"2026-02-23T11:05:25","slug":"private-prosecutor","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/criminal-law\/private-prosecutor\/","title":{"rendered":"Private Prosecutor"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Private Prosecutor<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-stellung-des-privatanklagers-im-hauptverfahren\" data-level=\"2\">Role of the Private Prosecutor in the Main Proceedings<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-unterschied-zwischen-privatanklage-offizialdelikt-und-ermachtigungsdelikt\" data-level=\"2\">Difference between Private Prosecution, Official Offense, and Authorization Offense<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-voraussetzungen-der-privatanklage\" data-level=\"2\">Prerequisites for Private Prosecution<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-ermittlungsmassnahmen-ohne-klassisches-ermittlungsverfahren\" data-level=\"2\">Investigative Measures without Classic Preliminary Proceedings<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-fristen-und-formelle-anforderungen-der-privatanklage\" data-level=\"2\">Deadlines and Formal Requirements for Private Prosecution<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-rechte-und-pflichten-des-privatanklagers-im-hauptverfahren\" data-level=\"2\">Rights and Obligations of the Private Prosecutor in the Main Proceedings<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-einstellung-des-verfahrens-bei-untatigkeit\" data-level=\"2\">Dismissal of Proceedings due to Inactivity<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-privatanklagedelikte-im-uberblick\" data-level=\"2\">Overview of Private Prosecution Offenses<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-verhaltnis-zur-subsidiaranklage\" data-level=\"2\">Relationship to Subsidiary Prosecution<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-privatanklage-und-vermogensrechtliche-anspruche\" data-level=\"2\">Private Prosecution and Pecuniary Claims<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-ihre-vorteile-mit-anwaltlicher-unterstutzung\" data-level=\"2\">Your Benefits with Legal Assistance<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-faq-haufig-gestellte-fragen\" data-level=\"2\">FAQ &#8211; Frequently Asked Questions<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<p>The <strong>private prosecution<\/strong> refers to proceedings in which <strong>the victim personally pursues certain offenses in court<\/strong>, without the public prosecutor&#8217;s office conducting preliminary investigations beforehand. <strong>According to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002326&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=71&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 71 StPO<\/a><\/strong>, the law explicitly names those offenses that <strong>are only prosecuted at the victim&#8217;s request<\/strong>, so that the affected person <strong>assumes the role of the prosecuting party<\/strong> and must actively pursue the proceedings. <strong>The initiative for criminal prosecution therefore lies entirely with the victim<\/strong>, who files the indictment, prepares evidence, and actively enforces their claims.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-3019fe8e alignfull uagb-is-root-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-32585033\">\n<p><strong>Private prosecution<\/strong> means that <strong>the victim independently pursues a criminal offense in court<\/strong> and <strong>acts as the prosecuting party instead of the public prosecutor&#8217;s office<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-45819ab6\"><picture>\n\t\t<source srcset=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Privatanklaeger-352x198.webp\" >\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-picture-small\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Privatanklaeger.webp\" alt=\"Private Prosecution in Austria explained. Conditions, deadlines, cost risks, and procedure according to \u00a7 71 of the Code of Criminal Procedure clearly presented.\" >\n\t<\/picture>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Scope of Private Prosecution<\/h2>\n\n<p>Private prosecution is legally structured such that <strong>certain criminal acts are only prosecuted if the victim takes action themselves<\/strong>. The law explicitly names these offenses. In these cases, <strong>no classic preliminary investigation is conducted by the criminal police and public prosecutor&#8217;s office<\/strong>. The proceedings only begin when the affected person <strong>files an indictment directly with the competent court<\/strong>.   <\/p>\n\n<p>The legislator deliberately chose this regulation. Offenses against honor often concern personal conflicts, the criminal prosecution of which is not necessarily in the public interest. Therefore, the victim alone decides whether judicial proceedings should take place.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Despite the lack of preliminary proceedings, there are limited possibilities for securing evidence. For example, if an insult or defamation has occurred via telecommunication or a computer system, the victim can apply to the court to have data secured or collected for the identification of the accused. The court then examines whether the requested measure is legally permissible and necessary.  <\/p>\n\n<p>In private prosecution, <strong>no preliminary investigation<\/strong> takes place. The court can only order <strong>individual investigative measures to identify the accused<\/strong> in narrowly defined cases. The responsibility for conducting the proceedings thus remains with the victim, while the court decides on the admissibility of the requested measures.  <\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-peter-harlander\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/ph100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Peter Harlander<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201ePrivate prosecution is a procedure without preliminary investigation, therefore the quality of the indictment and the evidence determines the further course of the proceedings.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-stellung-des-privatanklagers-im-hauptverfahren\">Role of the Private Prosecutor in the Main Proceedings<\/h2>\n\n<p>In the main proceedings, the private prosecutor <strong>takes the place of the public prosecutor&#8217;s office as the prosecuting party<\/strong>. They present the accusation, file motions, and submit evidence. The court decides based on the indictment filed and the evidence taken during the hearing.  <\/p>\n\n<p>This position is far-reaching but not unlimited. The private prosecutor may only request coercive measures that <strong>are necessary to secure evidence or to enforce pecuniary claims<\/strong>. Measures involving a strong infringement of fundamental rights remain reserved for state authorities.  <\/p>\n\n<p>The law links the continuation of the proceedings to the active participation of the private prosecutor. If they do not attend the main hearing or fail to make necessary motions, it is assumed that they waive criminal prosecution. The court then dismisses the proceedings.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Typical procedural actions of the private prosecutor include:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Filing and maintaining the indictment<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Submission of documents, communications, or other evidence<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Request for examination of witnesses<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Submission of final motions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>This structure makes it clear that private prosecution is <strong>not a mere complaint<\/strong>, but a fully conducted judicial proceeding that cannot lead to a judgment without active litigation.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/en\/about-us\/sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Attorneys<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eIn the main proceedings, the private prosecutor assumes the role of the prosecuting party, therefore motions and evidence should be structured and prepared from the outset.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-spezialgebiete\">Special areas<\/h2>\n<p>Thanks to the size of our firm, we optimally cover a wide range of legal areas:<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column mr-column-lightgrey\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-immobilien-und-baurecht\">Real estate and construction law<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list icon\">\n<li>Real estate purchase<\/li>\n<li>Real estate donation<\/li>\n<li>Lease agreement<\/li>\n<li>Second home<\/li>\n<li>Construction defect<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-column mr-column-lightgrey\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-erbrecht\">Inheritance law<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list icon\">\n<li>Probate proceedings<\/li>\n<li>Inheritance disputes<\/li>\n<li>Legal share claims<\/li>\n<li>Rejection of inheritance<\/li>\n<li>Challenge of will<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column mr-column-lightgrey\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sportrecht\">Sports law<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list icon\">\n<li>Skiing accident<\/li>\n<li>Snowboarding accident<\/li>\n<li>Ski touring accident<\/li>\n<li>Cross-country skiing accident<\/li>\n<li>Tobogganing accident<\/li>\n<li>Mountain bike accident<\/li>\n<li>Climbing accident<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-column mr-column-lightgrey\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-verkehrsrecht\">Traffic law<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list icon\">\n<li>Traffic accident<\/li>\n<li>Toll fine<\/li>\n<li>Traffic fine<\/li>\n<li>Driver's license withdrawal<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column mr-column-lightgrey\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-wirtschaftsrecht\">Commercial law<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list icon\">\n<li>Liability cases<\/li>\n<li>Debt collection<\/li>\n<li>Foreclosure<\/li>\n<li>Terms and conditions &amp; Contracts<\/li>\n<li>GmbH formation<\/li>\n<li>FlexKap formation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-column mr-column-lightgrey\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-marketingrecht\">Marketing law<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list icon\">\n<li>Trademark law<\/li>\n<li>Design law<\/li>\n<li>Copyright law<\/li>\n<li>Competition law<\/li>\n<li>Data protection law<\/li>\n<li>IT and agency contracts<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column mr-column-lightgrey\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-zivilverfahren\">Civil proceedings<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list icon\">\n<li>Extrajudicial steps<\/li>\n<li>Lawsuit<\/li>\n<li>Interim injunction<\/li>\n<li>Legal remedy<\/li>\n<li>Enforcement<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-column mr-column-lightgrey\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strafverfahren\">Criminal proceedings<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list icon\">\n<li>Pre-trial detention<\/li>\n<li>Investigation proceedings<\/li>\n<li>Indictment proceedings<\/li>\n<li>Court proceedings<\/li>\n<li>Appeal proceedings<\/li>\n<li>Reduction of detention<\/li>\n<li>House arrest<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"font-size: .8rem;\"><strong>No family law. No divorces. No custody. No right of asylum. No claim for amounts under \u20ac 5,000.00.<\/strong> The exception to this is the mere enforcement of German judgments in Austria; we take on this regardless of the value in dispute.<br>&nbsp;<br><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-unterschied-zwischen-privatanklage-offizialdelikt-und-ermachtigungsdelikt\">Difference between Private Prosecution, Official Offense, and Authorization Offense<\/h2>\n\n<p>The classification of a criminal offense determines <strong>who conducts the criminal prosecution and who controls the proceedings<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p>In the case of an <strong>official offense<\/strong>, the law enforcement authorities must act as soon as an initial suspicion becomes known. The public prosecutor&#8217;s office initiates preliminary proceedings, files an indictment, and represents it in court. The victim&#8217;s will plays no decisive role in the initiation of the proceedings.  <\/p>\n\n<p>An <strong>authorization offense<\/strong> additionally requires formal consent from an authorized body. Only when this consent is available may the public prosecutor&#8217;s office conduct proceedings. Without this declaration, criminal prosecution remains blocked.  <\/p>\n\n<p>The <strong>private prosecution<\/strong> shifts responsibility even more strongly to the victim. There are generally no preliminary proceedings by the public prosecutor&#8217;s office. The victim must decide for themselves whether to file an indictment, prepare evidence, and pursue the proceedings further.  <\/p>\n\n<p>The practical significance of this classification is immediately apparent:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>For <strong>official offenses<\/strong>, the state organizes the entire criminal prosecution.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For <strong>authorization offenses<\/strong>, the state requires formal consent.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For <strong>private prosecution<\/strong>, the victim bears the initiative and the conduct of the proceedings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>These differences determine who prepares the evidence, who takes procedural steps, and who bears the risk that criminal prosecution will end due to inactivity.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-voraussetzungen-der-privatanklage\">Prerequisites for Private Prosecution<\/h2>\n\n<p>A private prosecution is only admissible if the law explicitly classifies the relevant offense as <strong>only prosecutable at the victim&#8217;s request<\/strong>. The victim must therefore check whether the specific offense actually belongs to this category. Otherwise, the court will reject the indictment.  <\/p>\n\n<p>The private indictment must be structured like a formal indictment. It contains a <strong>clear description of the act<\/strong>, its legal classification, and the available evidence. The court requires this information to assess whether main proceedings can be conducted.  <\/p>\n\n<p>If there are doubts about the entitlement to private prosecution, the victim must <strong>provide a comprehensible justification<\/strong> for this entitlement. This concerns, for example, their own affectedness or their status as an injured party. <\/p>\n\n<p>Essential prerequisites include, in particular:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>A legally stipulated private prosecution offense<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>A formally correct indictment with a statement of facts<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Specification and designation of existing evidence<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Justification of one&#8217;s own right to file a motion<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>These requirements ensure that the court has a sufficient basis for decision-making from the outset.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-peter-harlander\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/ph100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Peter Harlander<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eA private prosecution must function like an indictment; anyone who remains imprecise here risks rejection or unnecessary procedural steps.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ermittlungsmassnahmen-ohne-klassisches-ermittlungsverfahren\">Investigative Measures without Classic Preliminary Proceedings<\/h2>\n\n<p>In the case of private prosecution offenses, <strong>no preliminary investigation is generally conducted by the public prosecutor&#8217;s office or criminal police<\/strong>. The victim must therefore secure or obtain evidence themselves. This self-responsibility clearly distinguishes private prosecution from official offenses.  <\/p>\n\n<p>However, the law allows for targeted judicial support. For example, if an offense against honor has occurred via the internet or telecommunication, the victim can apply to the court to have data collected for the identification of the accused. The application must be as specifically justified as a motion for evidence.  <\/p>\n\n<p>The court then examines whether the requested measure is permissible and necessary. If the identity is established, the victim receives the corresponding information in writing. If an investigation is not possible or legally inadmissible, the court informs them accordingly.  <\/p>\n\n<p>This regulation creates a balance. While the victim bears responsibility for providing evidence, they receive judicial instruments to have anonymous perpetrators identified. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-fristen-und-formelle-anforderungen-der-privatanklage\">Deadlines and Formal Requirements for Private Prosecution<\/h2>\n\n<p>The private prosecution must be filed within certain deadlines. If a judicial application for identity determination was previously made, the <strong>six-week<\/strong> period begins from the notification of the information. If the victim misses this deadline, the court will reject the indictment.  <\/p>\n\n<p>The indictment must comply with legal requirements. It contains the designation of the accused, a precise description of the facts of the case, and the legal classification. Without these minimum details, the court cannot open main proceedings.  <\/p>\n\n<p>After the private prosecution is filed, the court serves the documents on the accused and grants them a period for comment. Only then does the court decide on scheduling a main hearing. <\/p>\n\n<p>Key formal requirements are:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Filing with the factually and locally competent court<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Compliance with statutory deadlines<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Complete details regarding the offense, the accused, and evidence<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Comprehensible justification of the right to private prosecution<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>These provisions ensure orderly proceedings and prevent unclear or belated indictments from leading to a main hearing.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/en\/about-us\/sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Attorneys<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eIn private prosecutions, deadlines and formal requirements are not secondary; they determine whether the court will even begin a substantive review.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-rechte-und-pflichten-des-privatanklagers-im-hauptverfahren\">Rights and Obligations of the Private Prosecutor in the Main Proceedings<\/h2>\n\n<p>In the main proceedings, the private prosecutor <strong>generally has the same procedural rights as the public prosecutor&#8217;s office<\/strong>. They present the accusation, request evidence, and comment on the results of the evidence taking. The court decides exclusively on the basis of the indictment filed and the evidence taken during the hearing.  <\/p>\n\n<p>However, this position is limited. The private prosecutor may <strong>only request coercive measures<\/strong> if they are necessary to secure evidence or to enforce pecuniary claims. Interventions with significant intensity of fundamental rights can only be initiated by state authorities.  <\/p>\n\n<p>At the same time, the private prosecutor has clear duties to cooperate. They must actively conduct the process, designate evidence in a timely manner, and make the necessary motions. Omissions directly affect the progress of the proceedings.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Typical rights and obligations in the main proceedings are:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Presenting and maintaining the indictment<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Requesting and designating evidence<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Participating in the taking of evidence and questioning witnesses<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Delivering a closing statement<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Private prosecution is therefore <strong>not a simplified reporting procedure<\/strong>, but a structured court proceeding with its own procedural requirements. Careful preparation of evidence and motions is crucial to provide the court with a sound basis for decision. <\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-peter-harlander\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/ph100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Peter Harlander<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eAnyone acting as a private prosecutor in the main proceedings must make precise motions and present evidence specifically, because the court only deliberates on what is procedurally correctly introduced.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-einstellung-des-verfahrens-bei-untatigkeit\">Dismissal of Proceedings due to Inactivity<\/h2>\n\n<p>The Code of Criminal Procedure directly links the continuation of proceedings to the private prosecutor&#8217;s participation. If they <strong>do not appear for the main hearing<\/strong> or fail to make necessary motions, the law interprets this behavior as a waiver of criminal prosecution. <\/p>\n\n<p>In this case, the court dismisses the proceedings by decision. A decision on guilt or innocence is then not made. The proceedings end solely because the prosecuting party does not pursue them further.  <\/p>\n\n<p>This regulation ensures that private prosecution proceedings are only conducted if the prosecuting person actually takes over the conduct of the proceedings.<\/p>\n\n<p>For practical purposes, this means:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Personal appearance at the main hearing is required<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Procedural actions must be actively taken<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Inactivity directly leads to dismissal<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Precisely the formal requirements and the immediate consequences of omissions show that a structured preparation of the proceedings is essential to avoid dismissal for purely procedural reasons.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/en\/about-us\/sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Attorneys<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eThe proceedings can fail due to a lack of cooperation, which is why private prosecution also requires realistic planning of one&#8217;s own litigation.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-privatanklagedelikte-im-uberblick\">Overview of Private Prosecution Offenses<\/h2>\n\n<p>Private prosecution is only permissible for those offenses that the law explicitly designates as <strong>only prosecutable at the victim&#8217;s request<\/strong>. These offenses typically concern personal honor and social reputation. <\/p>\n\n<p>The typical and most frequent private prosecution offenses include, in particular:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/criminal-law\/defamation\/\" type=\"page\" id=\"96409\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Defamation <strong>according to \u00a7 <\/strong>111 StGB<\/a><\/strong><br\/>This includes <strong>asserting or spreading facts<\/strong> that are likely to make a person contemptible or damage their reputation, if these facts cannot be proven.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Accusation of a previously settled criminal offense <strong>according to \u00a7 <\/strong>113 StGB<\/strong><br\/>It is punishable to accuse someone of a criminal offense that has already been legally decided or can no longer be prosecuted by law.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Insult according to \u00a7 115 StGB<\/strong><br\/>An insult occurs when a person is degraded by <strong>abuse, ridicule, or other defamatory statements<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>These actions can also occur via telecommunication or a computer system. In such cases, the victim can apply to the court to have data collected for the identification of the accused. The court examines whether the legal requirements for this measure are met.  <\/p>\n\n<p>The restriction to a narrow catalog of offenses shows that private prosecution is <strong>not a substitute for general criminal prosecution<\/strong>, but an instrument for judicial clarification of personal offenses against honor. At the same time, the legal classification of a statement as a punishable offense against honor already requires careful examination, because questions of evidence and procedural steps significantly determine the outcome of the proceedings. <\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-peter-harlander\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/ph100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Peter Harlander<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eIn offenses against honor, the distinction between factual assertion and value judgment is central, because the criminal law assessment and the presentation of evidence depend on it.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-verhaltnis-zur-subsidiaranklage\">Relationship to Subsidiary Prosecution<\/h2>\n\n<p>Private prosecution and subsidiary prosecution address different initial situations, although both allow the victim an active role in criminal proceedings. <strong>Private prosecution<\/strong> concerns offenses that the law only allows to be prosecuted at the victim&#8217;s request. <strong>Subsidiary prosecution<\/strong>, on the other hand, only comes into consideration if the public prosecutor&#8217;s office does not continue already initiated proceedings.  <\/p>\n\n<p>In subsidiary prosecution, an official offense is initially present. The public prosecutor&#8217;s office may dismiss the proceedings, for example, because it does not assume sufficient suspicion. The victim then has the opportunity to continue the criminal prosecution themselves and act as the prosecuting party instead of the public prosecutor&#8217;s office. The proceedings therefore remain originally state-initiated criminal proceedings.   <\/p>\n\n<p>The decisive difference thus lies in the starting point:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Private prosecution<\/strong> arises without prior preliminary investigation by the public prosecutor&#8217;s office<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Subsidiary prosecution<\/strong> requires preliminary proceedings that have already been conducted and dismissed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>The practical role also differs. In subsidiary prosecution, the victim often relies on already existing investigative results. In private prosecution, they must prepare the evidence themselves from the outset.  <\/p>\n\n<p>For the affected person, the correct classification is essential. Whether a private prosecution is admissible or whether the continuation of dismissed proceedings must be requested instead, determines deadlines, jurisdictions, and the further course of the proceedings. Early legal review prevents proceedings from remaining inadmissible due to an incorrect approach.  <\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/en\/about-us\/sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Attorneys<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eAnyone who wants to proceed after a dismissal must check whether subsidiary prosecution is even open and what the existing case file contains.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-privatanklage-und-vermogensrechtliche-anspruche\">Private Prosecution and Pecuniary Claims<\/h2>\n\n<p>The private prosecution procedure serves not only the criminal law assessment of the act. The victim can also assert <strong>pecuniary claims<\/strong> in the same proceedings. These include, in particular, damages, pain and suffering compensation, or costs incurred due to the act.  <\/p>\n\n<p>The law allows the private prosecutor to file a <strong>separate motion for judicial orders regarding pecuniary claims<\/strong> in addition to the indictment. This motion must clearly state what damage has occurred and on what facts the claim is based. The court examines whether the prerequisites are met and decides on it together with the criminal law assessment or in a separate step.  <\/p>\n\n<p>The bundling of criminal prosecution and pecuniary claims has practical advantages. The victim can submit evidence only once and receives a judicial decision without additional civil proceedings. At the same time, this approach requires a precise presentation of the amount of damage and the basis of the claim.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Typical pecuniary claims in private prosecution proceedings are:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Damages for directly incurred financial losses<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pain and suffering compensation for demonstrable impairments<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Reimbursement of necessary expenses in connection with the act<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>The enforcement of such claims requires comprehensible evidence. Unclear or insufficiently substantiated claims are rejected by the court or referred to civil law. A structured preparation of documents and a clear quantification of claims therefore increase the likelihood that the court can decide on them in criminal proceedings.  <\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-peter-harlander\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/ph100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Peter Harlander<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201ePecuniary claims require clear quantification and documentation; otherwise, only civil litigation often remains as an additional step.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ihre-vorteile-mit-anwaltlicher-unterstutzung\">Your Benefits with Legal Assistance<\/h2>\n\n<p>Private prosecution requires <strong>active and formally correct litigation<\/strong>. The victim must legally classify the facts, secure evidence, and file the necessary motions in a timely manner. In addition, there is a <strong>real cost risk<\/strong>. If the proceedings do not end with a conviction, the federal government generally bears the costs. However, if the proceedings took place <strong>at the request of the private prosecutor<\/strong>, the private prosecutor may be ordered to <strong>reimburse the costs incurred as a result of their intervention<\/strong>.    <\/p>\n\n<p>Legal representation ensures that the indictment is <strong>complete in content and procedurally correct<\/strong>. The legal qualification of a statement as a punishable offense against honor requires a precise examination, because there are clear boundaries between permissible criticism, value judgment, and punishable factual assertion. <\/p>\n\n<p>The preparation of evidence is also crucial. Messages, screenshots, or witness statements must be prepared in such a way that the court can use them and their probative value remains comprehensible. <\/p>\n\n<p>Structured legal support offers, in particular:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Assessment of whether private prosecution is admissible and advisable in the specific case<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Drafting of a formally correct and conclusive indictment<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Securing and legally sound preparation of evidence<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Representation in the main hearing and exercise of all motion rights<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Enforcement of pecuniary claims in the same proceedings<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Private prosecution is an independently conducted criminal proceeding with clear formal requirements and cost risks. Early legal assistance helps to avoid procedural errors and to use available evidence purposefully, so that the court can make a comprehensive decision on the facts. <\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/en\/about-us\/sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Attorneys<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eA brief initial consultation can help to soberly assess the admissibility, the evidentiary situation, and the cost risk before filing a private prosecution.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-faq-haufig-gestellte-fragen\">FAQ &#8211; Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq uagb-faq__outer-wrap uagb-block-FAQ-PRIVATANKLAGER uagb-faq-icon-row uagb-faq-layout-accordion uagb-faq-expand-first-true uagb-faq-inactive-other-true uagb-faq__wrap uagb-buttons-layout-wrap uagb-faq-equal-height     \" data-faqtoggle=\"true\" role=\"tablist\"><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/harlander-partner.eu\\\/en\\\/criminal-law\\\/private-prosecutor\\\/\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"When is a private prosecution admissible?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"A private prosecution is only admissible if the law classifies the relevant offense as prosecutable only at the victim's request. Typical examples include defamation, the accusation of a previously settled criminal offense, or insult. The victim must personally check whether these prerequisites are met and file the indictment with the competent court. Without a legal basis, the court will reject the private prosecution.   \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Are there preliminary investigations by the public prosecutor's office or police in private prosecution proceedings?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"In private prosecution offenses, there are generally no preliminary investigations by the public prosecutor's office or criminal police. The victim must secure evidence themselves and actively pursue the proceedings. In certain cases, however, the court may order individual measures to identify the accused. These measures are only taken upon application and only if they are legally permissible.   \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What rights does the private prosecutor have in the main hearing?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"In the main hearing, the private prosecutor assumes the role of the prosecuting party and presents the accusation. They can request evidence, question witnesses, and comment on the results. They may only request coercive measures if they are necessary to secure evidence or pecuniary claims. The court decides based on the motions and evidence presented.   \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What happens if the private prosecutor does not appear for the main hearing?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"If the private prosecutor does not appear or fails to make the necessary motions, the law assumes a waiver of further criminal prosecution. In this case, the court dismisses the proceedings by decision. A substantive decision on guilt or innocence is then not made. Active participation is therefore a prerequisite for the continuation of the proceedings.   \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Does the private prosecutor bear a cost risk?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"In private prosecution proceedings, there is a cost risk, especially if the proceedings do not end with a conviction. The court may order the private prosecutor to reimburse certain procedural costs. Careful preparation of the indictment and evidence significantly reduces this risk. In case of uncertainty, it is advisable to have the chances of success legally reviewed before filing a private prosecution.   \"}}]}<\/script><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-PRIVATANKLAGER-Q1 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">When is a private prosecution admissible?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>A private prosecution is only admissible if the law classifies the relevant offense as prosecutable only at the victim&#8217;s request. Typical examples include defamation, the accusation of a previously settled criminal offense, or insult. The victim must personally check whether these prerequisites are met and file the indictment with the competent court. Without a legal basis, the court will reject the private prosecution.   <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-PRIVATANKLAGER-Q2 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Are there preliminary investigations by the public prosecutor&#8217;s office or police in private prosecution proceedings?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>In private prosecution offenses, there are generally no preliminary investigations by the public prosecutor&#8217;s office or criminal police. The victim must secure evidence themselves and actively pursue the proceedings. In certain cases, however, the court may order individual measures to identify the accused. These measures are only taken upon application and only if they are legally permissible.   <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-PRIVATANKLAGER-Q3 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">What rights does the private prosecutor have in the main hearing?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>In the main hearing, the private prosecutor assumes the role of the prosecuting party and presents the accusation. They can request evidence, question witnesses, and comment on the results. They may only request coercive measures if they are necessary to secure evidence or pecuniary claims. The court decides based on the motions and evidence presented.   <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-PRIVATANKLAGER-Q4 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">What happens if the private prosecutor does not appear for the main hearing?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>If the private prosecutor does not appear or fails to make the necessary motions, the law assumes a waiver of further criminal prosecution. In this case, the court dismisses the proceedings by decision. A substantive decision on guilt or innocence is then not made. Active participation is therefore a prerequisite for the continuation of the proceedings.   <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-PRIVATANKLAGER-Q5 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Does the private prosecutor bear a cost risk?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>In private prosecution proceedings, there is a cost risk, especially if the proceedings do not end with a conviction. The court may order the private prosecutor to reimburse certain procedural costs. Careful preparation of the indictment and evidence significantly reduces this risk. In case of uncertainty, it is advisable to have the chances of success legally reviewed before filing a private prosecution.   <\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"The private prosecution refers to proceedings in which the victim personally pursues certain offenses in court, without the public prosecutor&#8217;s office conducting preliminary investigations beforehand. According to \u00a7 71 StPO, &#8230;","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":120835,"parent":40715,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[345],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-120834","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-criminal-law"],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Privatanklaeger.webp",1920,1080,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Privatanklaeger-100x100.webp",100,100,true],"medium":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Privatanklaeger-800x450.webp",800,450,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Privatanklaeger.webp",1920,1080,false],"large":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Privatanklaeger.webp",1920,1080,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Privatanklaeger-1536x864.webp",1536,864,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Privatanklaeger.webp",1920,1080,false],"336x":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Privatanklaeger-336x189.webp",336,189,true],"352x":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Privatanklaeger-352x198.webp",352,198,true],"woocommerce_thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Privatanklaeger-300x300.webp",300,300,true],"woocommerce_single":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Privatanklaeger-600x338.webp",600,338,true],"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Privatanklaeger-100x100.webp",100,100,true],"yarpp-thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Privatanklaeger-120x120.webp",120,120,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Simon Prem","author_link":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/author\/simon-prem\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"The private prosecution refers to proceedings in which the victim personally pursues certain offenses in court, without the public prosecutor&#8217;s office conducting preliminary investigations beforehand. According to \u00a7 71 StPO, ...","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/120834","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=120834"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/120834\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/40715"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/120835"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=120834"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=120834"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=120834"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}