{"id":116713,"date":"2026-02-10T13:28:51","date_gmt":"2026-02-10T12:28:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/?page_id=116713"},"modified":"2026-02-10T13:49:41","modified_gmt":"2026-02-10T12:49:41","slug":"district-court-in-criminal-proceedings-4","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/criminal-law\/district-court-in-criminal-proceedings-4\/","title":{"rendered":"Exemption from Testimony and Right to Refuse Testimony"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Exemption from Testimony and Right to Refuse Testimony<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-aussagebefreiung\" data-level=\"2\">Exemption from Testimony<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-verfahren-gegen-nahestehende-personen\" data-level=\"2\">Proceedings Against Close Relatives<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-schutz-besonders-belasteter-opfer\" data-level=\"2\">Protection of Particularly Burdened Victims<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-aussagebefreiung-und-gerichtstermin\" data-level=\"2\">Exemption from Testimony and Court Appearance<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-grenzen-der-aussagebefreiung\" data-level=\"2\">Limits of Exemption from Testimony<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-aussageverweigerung\" data-level=\"2\">Refusal to testify<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-schutz-vor-selbstbelastung\" data-level=\"2\">Protection against self-incrimination<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-schutz-naher-angehoriger\" data-level=\"2\">Protection of Close Relatives<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-vertrauensschutz-in-sensiblen-berufen\" data-level=\"2\">Confidentiality in Sensitive Professions<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-schutz-journalistischer-arbeit\" data-level=\"2\">Protection of Journalistic Work<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-geheimes-wahlrecht\" data-level=\"2\">Secret Ballot<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-umgehungsverbot\" data-level=\"2\">Circumvention Prohibition<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-ihre-vorteile-mit-anwaltlicher-unterstutzung\" data-level=\"2\">Your Benefits with Legal Assistance<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-faq-haufig-gestellte-fragen\" data-level=\"2\">FAQ &#8211; Frequently Asked Questions<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Not everyone is obliged to testify in criminal proceedings. Austrian criminal procedural law recognizes different protective mechanisms: the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/district-court-in-criminal-proceedings-3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">exemption from testimony<\/a><\/strong> and the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/district-court-in-criminal-proceedings-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">right to refuse testimony<\/a><\/strong>. Both serve to protect witnesses, but they pursue different goals and apply in different situations.  <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-3019fe8e alignfull uagb-is-root-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-32585033\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Criminal proceedings do not always compel witnesses to testify. A distinction must be made between <strong>exemption from testimony<\/strong> and the <strong>right to refuse testimony<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-45819ab6\"><picture>\n\t\t<source srcset=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Aussagebefreiung-und-Aussageverweigerung-352x198.webp\" >\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-picture-small\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Aussagebefreiung-und-Aussageverweigerung.webp\" alt=\"Exemption from Testimony and Right to Refuse Testimony in Criminal Proceedings: When Witnesses Do Not Have to Testify, Which Rights Apply, and What the Difference Is.\" >\n\t<\/picture>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-peter-harlander\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/ph100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Peter Harlander<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eThe law protects family ties and does not compel witnesses to incriminate their own relatives in criminal proceedings.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-aussagebefreiung\">Exemption from Testimony <\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exemption from testimony applies to situations where a witness is <strong>fundamentally not obliged to testify<\/strong>. This means that neither the police, the public prosecutor&#8217;s office, nor the court may demand substantive testimony. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A central concern of exemption from testimony is to respect personal close relationships and particularly vulnerable situations.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-verfahren-gegen-nahestehende-personen\">Proceedings Against Close Relatives<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A classic scenario for exemption from testimony arises when criminal proceedings are directed <strong>against a person close to the witness<\/strong>. The law aims to prevent anyone from being forced to exacerbate a family conflict or incriminate a person with whom they have a close personal relationship through their testimony. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As long as this close relationship exists, testimony may only be given if the witness <strong>voluntarily and explicitly<\/strong> waives their right. Without such a declaration, no admissible interrogation may take place. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-schutz-besonders-belasteter-opfer\">Protection of Particularly Burdened Victims<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Persons who are particularly burdened by the proceedings themselves may also be exempt from the obligation to testify. This primarily concerns victims of serious violent or sexual offenses, for whom repeated questioning would constitute a significant psychological burden. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After a contradictory examination has already been conducted, further testimony may be waived. In these cases, existing records are used in further proceedings to avoid additional burdens. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-aussagebefreiung-und-gerichtstermin\">Exemption from Testimony and Court Appearance<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exemption from the obligation to testify does not necessarily mean that a witness does not have to appear at all. The court may still issue a summons. However, if the witness announces in good time that they do not wish to testify, their appearance may be waived, provided there is no specific reason for questioning.  <\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/en\/about-us\/sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Attorney Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Attorneys<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eThe law exempts witnesses from the obligation to testify if closeness, loyalty, or particular need for protection make testimony unreasonable.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-grenzen-der-aussagebefreiung\">Limits of Exemption from Testimony<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exemption from testimony is not absolute. Anyone who consciously and actively participates in criminal prosecution, for example, by filing their own motion or explicitly supporting the prosecution, thereby expresses that they do not wish to claim protection. In such cases, the exemption from the obligation to testify lapses.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-aussageverweigerung\">Refusal to testify<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In contrast, with the right to refuse testimony, the fundamental duty to cooperate remains. However, the witness may <strong>leave certain questions unanswered<\/strong> if protected interests would be violated thereby. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This right primarily serves to prevent self-incrimination and to protect particularly sensitive confidential relationships.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-schutz-vor-selbstbelastung\">Protection against self-incrimination<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No one is obliged to provide information that could lead to their own criminal prosecution. This applies both to new accusations and to additional burdens in ongoing proceedings. The decisive factor is whether the testimony creates a real criminal risk.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-schutz-naher-angehoriger\">Protection of Close Relatives<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The right to refuse testimony also applies if not the witness themselves, but a person close to them, would come into the focus of criminal prosecution through their testimony. The law recognizes that family ties deserve special protection and should not be undermined by state compulsion to testify. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-vertrauensschutz-in-sensiblen-berufen\">Confidentiality in Sensitive Professions<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Certain professions rely on confidentiality. Persons who gain insight into particularly personal, economic, or legal matters in their professional activity may not disclose this information.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-schutz-journalistischer-arbeit\">Protection of Journalistic Work<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The work of the media is also under special protection. Journalists and media employees may refuse to testify if this would reveal sources or disclose internal information. This protection is a prerequisite for effective public reporting.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-geheimes-wahlrecht\">Secret Ballot<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Finally, no one may be forced to disclose their personal voting behavior. The free exercise of democratic rights requires that corresponding decisions remain secret. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-umgehungsverbot\">Circumvention Prohibition<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Circumventing the right to refuse testimony is prohibited. Access to protected documents or the questioning of auxiliary persons is inadmissible if protected content would nevertheless be disclosed thereby. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ihre-vorteile-mit-anwaltlicher-unterstutzung\">Your Benefits with Legal Assistance<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Legal advice helps to correctly assess one&#8217;s role in the proceedings and to utilize existing protective rights.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The lawyer examines whether and to what extent testimony must be given and whether there is a right to leave individual questions unanswered.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Support throughout the entire proceedings<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Clear assessment of the legal matter<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Protection against legal disadvantages<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-faq-haufig-gestellte-fragen\">FAQ &#8211; Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq uagb-faq__outer-wrap uagb-block-Bezirksgericht uagb-faq-icon-row uagb-faq-layout-accordion uagb-faq-expand-first-true uagb-faq-inactive-other-true uagb-faq__wrap uagb-buttons-layout-wrap uagb-faq-equal-height     \" data-faqtoggle=\"true\" role=\"tablist\"><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/harlander-partner.eu\\\/en\\\/criminal-law\\\/district-court-in-criminal-proceedings-4\\\/\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Am I always obliged to testify as a witness?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"No. Although witnesses are generally obliged to cooperate, the law provides for exceptions. In certain cases, there is either no obligation to testify at all, or individual questions may be left unanswered. \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Does the law also protect me from incriminating relatives?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yes. Both the exemption from testimony and the right to refuse testimony can apply if close relatives would face criminal difficulties due to testimony.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Does the right to remain silent also apply to professional secrets?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yes. Certain professional groups may remain silent about information entrusted to them in the exercise of their profession. \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Can the right to remain silent be circumvented?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"No. The law expressly prohibits forcing protected statements through indirect means, such as via auxiliary persons or documents.\"}}]}<\/script><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-Bezirksgericht-Q1 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Am I always obliged to testify as a witness?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>No. Although witnesses are generally obliged to cooperate, the law provides for exceptions. In certain cases, there is either no obligation to testify at all, or individual questions may be left unanswered. <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-Bezirksgericht-Q2 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Does the law also protect me from incriminating relatives?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Yes. Both the exemption from testimony and the right to refuse testimony can apply if close relatives would face criminal difficulties due to testimony.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-Bezirksgericht-Q3 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Does the right to remain silent also apply to professional secrets?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Yes. Certain professional groups may remain silent about information entrusted to them in the exercise of their profession. <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-Bezirksgericht-Q4 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Can the right to remain silent be circumvented?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>No. The law expressly prohibits forcing protected statements through indirect means, such as via auxiliary persons or documents.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Free initial consultation\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Select your preferred appointment now:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Free initial consultation<\/span><\/a>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Anyone summoned as a witness in criminal proceedings often assumes they must testify. In fact, criminal procedural law provides different mechanisms to protect witnesses from unreasonable burdens. A distinction must be made between exemption from testimony and the right to refuse testimony.   ","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":117587,"parent":40715,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[345],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-116713","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-criminal-law"],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Aussagebefreiung-und-Aussageverweigerung.webp",1920,1080,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Aussagebefreiung-und-Aussageverweigerung-100x100.webp",100,100,true],"medium":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Aussagebefreiung-und-Aussageverweigerung-800x450.webp",800,450,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Aussagebefreiung-und-Aussageverweigerung.webp",1920,1080,false],"large":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Aussagebefreiung-und-Aussageverweigerung.webp",1920,1080,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Aussagebefreiung-und-Aussageverweigerung-1536x864.webp",1536,864,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Aussagebefreiung-und-Aussageverweigerung.webp",1920,1080,false],"336x":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Aussagebefreiung-und-Aussageverweigerung-336x189.webp",336,189,true],"352x":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Aussagebefreiung-und-Aussageverweigerung-352x198.webp",352,198,true],"woocommerce_thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Aussagebefreiung-und-Aussageverweigerung-300x300.webp",300,300,true],"woocommerce_single":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Aussagebefreiung-und-Aussageverweigerung-600x338.webp",600,338,true],"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Aussagebefreiung-und-Aussageverweigerung-100x100.webp",100,100,true],"yarpp-thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Aussagebefreiung-und-Aussageverweigerung-120x120.webp",120,120,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Katharina Huber","author_link":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/en\/author\/katharina-huber\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Anyone summoned as a witness in criminal proceedings often assumes they must testify. In fact, criminal procedural law provides different mechanisms to protect witnesses from unreasonable burdens. 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