{"id":37895,"date":"2023-02-07T08:51:59","date_gmt":"2023-02-07T07:51:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/narok-na-nahradu-skody\/"},"modified":"2025-11-24T20:02:37","modified_gmt":"2025-11-24T19:02:37","slug":"narok-na-nahradu-skody","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/hospodarska-soutez\/narok-na-nahradu-skody\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00e1rok na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Obsah<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/hospodarska-soutez\/narok-na-nahradu-skody\/#h-welche-schaden-werden-ersetzt\" level=\"2\">Jak\u00e9 \u0161kody se hrad\u00ed?<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/hospodarska-soutez\/narok-na-nahradu-skody\/#h-positiver-schaden\" level=\"3\">Pozitivn\u00ed \u0161koda<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/hospodarska-soutez\/narok-na-nahradu-skody\/#h-entgangener-gewinn\" level=\"3\">Ztr\u00e1ta zisku<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/hospodarska-soutez\/narok-na-nahradu-skody\/#h-erlittene-krankung-und-andere-personliche-nachteile\" level=\"3\">Utrp\u011bn\u00e1 \u00fajma a jin\u00e9 osobn\u00ed nev\u00fdhody<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/hospodarska-soutez\/narok-na-nahradu-skody\/#h-weitere-voraussetzungen\" level=\"2\">Dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edpoklady<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/hospodarska-soutez\/narok-na-nahradu-skody\/#h-kausalitat-und-adaquanz\" level=\"3\">Kauzalita a adekv\u00e1tnost<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/hospodarska-soutez\/narok-na-nahradu-skody\/#h-rechtswidrigkeit\" level=\"3\">Protipr\u00e1vnost<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/hospodarska-soutez\/narok-na-nahradu-skody\/#h-verschulden\" level=\"3\">Zavin\u011bn\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/hospodarska-soutez\/narok-na-nahradu-skody\/#h-aktivlegitimation-wer-ist-klagsbefugt\" level=\"2\">Aktivn\u00ed legitimace \u2013 Kdo je opr\u00e1vn\u011bn podat \u017ealobu?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/hospodarska-soutez\/narok-na-nahradu-skody\/#h-passivlegitimation-wer-ist-ersatzpflichtig\" level=\"2\">Pasivn\u00ed legitimace \u2013 Kdo je povinen k n\u00e1hrad\u011b \u0161kody?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/hospodarska-soutez\/narok-na-nahradu-skody\/#h-wann-verjahrt-der-anspruch\" level=\"2\">Kdy se n\u00e1rok proml\u010d\u00ed?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt poru\u0161en\u00ed antimonopoln\u00edch pravidel za n\u00e1sledek i n\u00e1rok na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody. K tomu je v\u0161ak zapot\u0159eb\u00ed, aby \u017ealobce prok\u00e1zal, \u017ee \u0161koda byla zp\u016fsobena jedn\u00e1n\u00edm \u017ealovan\u00e9ho, kter\u00e9 je relevantn\u00ed z hlediska pr\u00e1va proti nekal\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ei. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-welche-schaden-werden-ersetzt\">Jak\u00e9 \u0161kody se hrad\u00ed?<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-positiver-schaden\"><strong>Pozitivn\u00ed \u0161koda<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hrad\u00ed se \u0161kody, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00ed nebo zni\u010den\u00ed majetku nebo vzniknou v d\u016fsledku toho, \u017ee po\u0161kozen\u00fd mus\u00ed vynalo\u017eit n\u00e1klady, kter\u00e9 souvisej\u00ed se \u0161kodou.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-entgangener-gewinn\"><strong>Ztr\u00e1ta zisku<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pomoc\u00ed n\u00e1roku na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody lze nahradit i u\u0161l\u00fd zisk. Ten se posuzuje podle toho, jak\u00e9ho zisku by \u017ealobce dos\u00e1hl <strong>podle obvykl\u00e9ho b\u011bhu v\u011bc\u00ed<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u0159itom ji\u017e ztr\u00e1ta mo\u017enosti v\u00fdd\u011blku m\u016f\u017ee pat\u0159it k nahrazovan\u00e9 \u0161kod\u011b.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-erlittene-krankung-und-andere-personliche-nachteile\"><strong>Utrp\u011bn\u00e1 \u00fajma a jin\u00e9 osobn\u00ed nev\u00fdhody<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nemajetkov\u00e1 \u00fajma<\/strong> \u2013 to jsou \u0161kody, kter\u00e9 nejsou zp\u016fsobeny po\u0161kozen\u00edm majetku, n\u00fdbr\u017e poru\u0161en\u00edm individu\u00e1ln\u00edho pr\u00e1va, jako je osobnostn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo, t\u011blesn\u00e1 integrita, \u010dest, pov\u011bst atd. \u2013 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt rovn\u011b\u017e nahrazeny, pokud existuj\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed okolnosti.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, to plat\u00ed tehdy, pokud se jedn\u00e1 o <strong>z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 \u00fajmy<\/strong> nebo pokud je <strong>spole\u010densk\u00e9 postaven\u00ed<\/strong> \u017ealobce <strong>obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u011b dot\u010deno<\/strong>. Pouh\u00e9 rozho\u0159\u010den\u00ed nad chov\u00e1n\u00edm konkurenta tedy nesta\u010d\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-weitere-voraussetzungen\">Dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edpoklady<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-kausalitat-und-adaquanz\"><strong>Kauzalita a adekv\u00e1tnost<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Poru\u0161en\u00ed antimonopoln\u00edch pravidel konkurentem, kter\u00e9 \u017ealobce vyt\u00fdk\u00e1, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt kauz\u00e1ln\u00ed \u2013 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinn\u00e9 \u2013 pro \u0161kodu, kterou utrp\u011bl.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u016fkazn\u00ed b\u0159emeno v tomto ohledu nese \u017ealobce.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Krom\u011b toho nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt mimo jakoukoli \u017eivotn\u00ed zku\u0161enost, \u017ee takov\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed vedlo pr\u00e1v\u011b k t\u00e9to \u0161kod\u011b. \u0160kodliv\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed tedy nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt podm\u00ednkou pro vznik \u0161kody pouze v d\u016fsledku mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce okolnost\u00ed. (Adekv\u00e1tnost)  <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-rechtswidrigkeit\"><strong>Protipr\u00e1vnost<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u0159edpokladem pro n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody je d\u00e1le, \u017ee jedn\u00e1n\u00ed \u017ealovan\u00e9ho bylo skute\u010dn\u011b protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jedn\u00e1n\u00ed je protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed jednodu\u0161e tehdy, pokud poru\u0161uje skutkov\u00e9 podstaty, kter\u00e9 jsou z\u00e1konem stanoveny v pr\u00e1vu proti nekal\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ei.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-verschulden\"><strong>Zavin\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na rozd\u00edl od n\u00e1roku na zdr\u017een\u00ed se a n\u00e1roku na odstran\u011bn\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho stavu p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 n\u00e1rok na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody zavin\u011bn\u00ed \u017ealovan\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zavin\u011bn\u00ed je v z\u00e1sad\u011b d\u00e1no p\u0159i nedbal\u00e9m nebo \u00famysln\u00e9m jedn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V r\u00e1mci n\u00e1roku na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody z d\u016fvodu poru\u0161en\u00ed antimonopoln\u00edch pravidel zpravidla posta\u010d\u00ed lehk\u00e1 nedbalost ohledn\u011b \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed. Pouze v jednotliv\u00fdch, z\u00e1konem upraven\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech se vy\u017eaduje \u00famysln\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pokud je \u0161k\u016fdce upozorn\u011bn na protipr\u00e1vnost sv\u00e9ho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed napomenut\u00edm a i p\u0159es to se ho nezdr\u017e\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt d\u016fvodem pro zavin\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-aktivlegitimation-wer-ist-klagsbefugt\">Aktivn\u00ed legitimace \u2013 Kdo je opr\u00e1vn\u011bn podat \u017ealobu?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kdo m\u016f\u017ee uplatnit n\u00e1rok na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody, nen\u00ed v souvislosti s n\u00e1rokem na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody z d\u016fvodu poru\u0161en\u00ed antimonopoln\u00edch pravidel v\u00fdslovn\u011b upraveno v z\u00e1kon\u011b.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Konkurenti<\/strong> jsou v prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b opr\u00e1vn\u011bni k n\u00e1hrad\u011b \u0161kody.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed situace v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho dot\u010den\u00ed spot\u0159ebitele je st\u00e1le sporn\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Spot\u0159ebitel\u016fm v z\u00e1sad\u011b z\u00e1kon nep\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1 individu\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1rok. Proto\u017ee v\u0161ak pr\u00e1vo proti nekal\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ei \u2013 a\u010dkoli v podstat\u011b slou\u017e\u00ed k ochran\u011b konkurent\u016f mezi sebou \u2013 m\u00e1 chr\u00e1nit i spot\u0159ebitele, judikatura v jednotliv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech v d\u016fsledku p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho dot\u010den\u00ed spot\u0159ebitel\u016f v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b p\u0159iznala i t\u011bmto vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1rok na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V N\u011bmecku m\u00e1 b\u00fdt nyn\u00ed z\u00e1kon v tomto smyslu reformov\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-passivlegitimation-wer-ist-ersatzpflichtig\">Pasivn\u00ed legitimace \u2013 Kdo je povinen k n\u00e1hrad\u011b \u0161kody?<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>P\u0159\u00edm\u00fd pachatel, kter\u00fd \u0161kodu zavin\u011bn\u011b zp\u016fsobil<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ten, kdo poru\u0161en\u00ed umo\u017enil nebo podpo\u0159il \u2013 tedy spolupachatel\u00e9, n\u00e1vodci a pomocn\u00edci<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Majitel\u00e9 podnik\u016f jsou odpov\u011bdn\u00ed za jedn\u00e1n\u00ed osob ve sv\u00e9m podniku<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-wann-verjahrt-der-anspruch\">Kdy se n\u00e1rok proml\u010d\u00ed?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00e1rok na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody z d\u016fvodu poru\u0161en\u00ed antimonopoln\u00edch pravidel se proml\u010d\u00ed za t\u0159i roky.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt poru\u0161en\u00ed antimonopoln\u00edch pravidel za n\u00e1sledek i n\u00e1rok na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody. K tomu je v\u0161ak zapot\u0159eb\u00ed, aby \u017ealobce prok\u00e1zal, \u017ee \u0161koda byla zp\u016fsobena jedn\u00e1n\u00edm \u017ealovan\u00e9ho, kter\u00e9 &#8230;","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":40295,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[568],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37895","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-hospodarska-soutez"],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"336x":false,"352x":false,"woocommerce_thumbnail":false,"woocommerce_single":false,"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":false,"yarpp-thumbnail":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Peter Harlander","author_link":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/author\/secondpromotion\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt poru\u0161en\u00ed antimonopoln\u00edch pravidel za n\u00e1sledek i n\u00e1rok na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody. K tomu je v\u0161ak zapot\u0159eb\u00ed, aby \u017ealobce prok\u00e1zal, \u017ee \u0161koda byla zp\u016fsobena jedn\u00e1n\u00edm \u017ealovan\u00e9ho, kter\u00e9 ...","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/37895","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37895"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/37895\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/40295"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37895"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37895"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37895"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}