{"id":110537,"date":"2026-01-01T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-01-01T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/trestni-pravo\/zavazny-podvod\/"},"modified":"2026-01-01T10:03:19","modified_gmt":"2026-01-01T09:03:19","slug":"zavazny-podvod","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/trestni-pravo\/zavazny-podvod\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-schwerer-betrug\" data-level=\"2\">Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-objektiver-tatbestand\" data-level=\"2\">Objektivn\u00ed skutkov\u00e1 podstata<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-prufungsschritte\" data-level=\"3\">Kroky ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-abgrenzung-zu-anderen-delikten\" data-level=\"2\">Rozli\u0161en\u00ed od jin\u00fdch delikt\u016f<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-konkurrenzen\" data-level=\"3\">Konkurence:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-beweislast-amp-beweiswurdigung\" data-level=\"2\">D\u016fkazn\u00ed b\u0159emeno a hodnocen\u00ed d\u016fkaz\u016f<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-staatsanwaltschaft\" data-level=\"3\">St\u00e1tn\u00ed zastupitelstv\u00ed:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-gericht\" data-level=\"3\">Soud:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-beschuldigte-person\" data-level=\"3\">Obvin\u011bn\u00e1 osoba:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-praxisbeispiele\" data-level=\"2\">P\u0159\u00edklady z praxe<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-subjektiver-tatbestand\" data-level=\"2\">Subjektivn\u00ed skutkov\u00e1 podstata<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-schuld-amp-irrtumer\" data-level=\"2\">Vina a omyly<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-strafaufhebung-amp-diversion\" data-level=\"2\">Upu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed od potrest\u00e1n\u00ed a odklon<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-diversion\" data-level=\"3\">Odklon:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-ausschluss-der-diversion\" data-level=\"3\">Vylou\u010den\u00ed odklonu:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-strafzumessung-amp-folgen\" data-level=\"2\">Vym\u011b\u0159en\u00ed trestu a n\u00e1sledky<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-erschwerungsgrunde-bestehen-insbesondere-wenn\" data-level=\"3\">P\u0159it\u011b\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed okolnosti existuj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na tehdy, pokud<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-milderungsgrunde-sind-etwa\" data-level=\"3\">Poleh\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed okolnosti jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-strafrahmen\" data-level=\"2\">Trestn\u00ed sazba<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-geldstrafe-tagessatzsystem\" data-level=\"2\">Pen\u011b\u017eit\u00fd trest \u2013 syst\u00e9m denn\u00edch sazeb<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-freiheitsstrafe-amp-teil-bedingte-nachsicht\" data-level=\"2\">Trest odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody a (\u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b) podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 odlo\u017een\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-zustandigkeit-der-gerichte\" data-level=\"2\">P\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost soud\u016f<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-sachliche-zustandigkeit\" data-level=\"3\">V\u011bcn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-ortliche-zustandigkeit\" data-level=\"3\">M\u00edstn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-instanzenzug\" data-level=\"3\">Instan\u010dn\u00ed postup<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-zivilanspruche-im-strafverfahren\" data-level=\"2\">Ob\u010danskopr\u00e1vn\u00ed n\u00e1roky v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-strafverfahren-im-uberblick\" data-level=\"2\">P\u0159ehled trestn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-ermittlungsbeginn\" data-level=\"3\">Zah\u00e1jen\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-polizei-und-staatsanwaltschaft\" data-level=\"3\">Policie a st\u00e1tn\u00ed zastupitelstv\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-beschuldigtenvernehmung\" data-level=\"3\">V\u00fdslech obvin\u011bn\u00e9ho<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-akteneinsicht\" data-level=\"3\">Nahl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed do spisu<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-hauptverhandlung\" data-level=\"3\">Hlavn\u00ed l\u00ed\u010den\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-beschuldigtenrechte\" data-level=\"2\">Pr\u00e1va obvin\u011bn\u00e9ho<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-praxis-amp-verhaltenstipps\" data-level=\"2\">Praxe a tipy pro chov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-ihre-vorteile-mit-anwaltlicher-unterstutzung\" data-level=\"2\">Va\u0161e v\u00fdhody s pr\u00e1vn\u00ed podporou<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-faq-haufig-gestellte-fragen\" data-level=\"2\">FAQ \u2013 \u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-schwerer-betrug\">Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu podle <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku<\/a><\/strong> se dopust\u00ed pachatel, kter\u00fd <strong>napln\u00ed skutkovou podstatu podvodu podle \u00a7 146 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku<\/strong> a \u010din je <strong>zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edmi prost\u0159edky klam\u00e1n\u00ed nebo kvalifikovan\u00fdm rozsahem \u0161kody<\/strong>. Pachatel <strong>klame o skute\u010dnostech<\/strong>, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vyvol\u00e1 <strong>jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, strpen\u00ed nebo opomenut\u00ed po\u0161kozuj\u00edc\u00ed majetek<\/strong>, a jedn\u00e1 <strong>\u00famysln\u011b s c\u00edlem neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho obohacen\u00ed<\/strong>. Kvalifikace vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na z <strong>pou\u017eit\u00ed fale\u0161n\u00fdch nebo pad\u011blan\u00fdch listin<\/strong>, <strong>zneu\u017eit\u00ed bezhotovostn\u00edch platebn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f<\/strong>, <strong>manipulovan\u00fdch nebo vyzrazen\u00fdch dat<\/strong>, <strong>nespr\u00e1vn\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f<\/strong> nebo srovnateln\u00fdch d\u016fkazn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f, z <strong>vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se za \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed osobu<\/strong> nebo z <strong>p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed z\u00e1konem stanoven\u00fdch hranic \u0161kody<\/strong>. Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed je, \u017ee <strong>druh klam\u00e1n\u00ed nebo rozsah \u0161kody<\/strong> podstatn\u011b zvy\u0161uj\u00ed protipr\u00e1vnost \u010dinu.   <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-f014c6a5 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-60e61cc5\">\n<p><strong>Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod<\/strong> nast\u00e1v\u00e1, pokud je <strong>podvod podle \u00a7 146 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku<\/strong> sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n pomoc\u00ed <strong>zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f klam\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> nebo <strong>kvalifikovan\u00e9 majetkov\u00e9 \u0161kody<\/strong>, a t\u00edm se <strong>podstatn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed protipr\u00e1vnost \u010dinu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-613eb3e6\"><picture>\n\t\t<source srcset=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7147-Schwerer-Betrug-352x198.webp\" >\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-picture-small\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7147-Schwerer-Betrug.webp\" alt=\"Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod v Rakousku: P\u0159edpoklady, vymezen\u00ed, trestn\u00ed sazby a obhajoba podle trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku \u2013 stru\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdklad.\" >\n\t<\/picture>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eU z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu nerozhoduje pouze nespr\u00e1vnost \u00fadaje, ale zda byla majetkov\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed ob\u011bti c\u00edlen\u011b ovlivn\u011bna kvalifikovan\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky klam\u00e1n\u00ed nebo zna\u010dn\u00fdm rozsahem \u0161kody.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-objektiver-tatbestand\">Objektivn\u00ed skutkov\u00e1 podstata<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>Objektivn\u00ed skutkov\u00e1 podstata<\/strong> zahrnuje v\u00fdhradn\u011b <strong>navenek vn\u00edmateln\u00e9 d\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>. Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed jsou <strong>konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>, <strong>pou\u017eit\u00e9 prost\u0159edky klam\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> a <strong>vznikl\u00e1 majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda<\/strong>. <strong>Vnit\u0159n\u00ed procesy<\/strong>, jako jsou motivy nebo \u00famysl, z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed na t\u00e9to \u00farovni nepov\u0161imnuty. <\/p>\n\n<p>Objektivn\u00ed skutkov\u00e1 podstata <strong>z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu podle <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku<\/a><\/strong><\/strong> nejprve p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee jsou <strong>spln\u011bny ve\u0161ker\u00e9 znaky skutkov\u00e9 podstaty podvodu podle \u00a7 146 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku<\/strong>. Pachatel mus\u00ed osobu <strong>klaman\u00edm o skute\u010dnostech<\/strong> p\u0159im\u011bt k <strong>jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, strpen\u00ed nebo opomenut\u00ed<\/strong>, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vznikne <strong>majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda podveden\u00e9mu nebo t\u0159et\u00ed osob\u011b<\/strong>. Charakteristick\u00e9 je, \u017ee pachatel <strong>nem\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k ciz\u00edmu majetku<\/strong>, ale ob\u011b\u0165 <strong>na z\u00e1klad\u011b klam\u00e1n\u00ed sama u\u010din\u00ed \u00fakon po\u0161kozuj\u00edc\u00ed majetek<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<p>K tomu se u z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 <strong>kvalifikuj\u00edc\u00ed objektivn\u00ed prvek<\/strong>. Ten nast\u00e1v\u00e1, pokud pachatel ke klam\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017eije <strong>zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 nebo pr\u00e1vn\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 prost\u0159edky<\/strong>, nebo pokud je <strong>p\u0159ekro\u010den z\u00e1konem stanoven\u00fd rozsah \u0161kody<\/strong>. Mezi n\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed zejm\u00e9na <strong>pou\u017eit\u00ed fale\u0161n\u00fdch nebo pad\u011blan\u00fdch listin<\/strong>, <strong>zneu\u017eit\u00ed bezhotovostn\u00edch platebn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f<\/strong>, <strong>manipulovan\u00fdch nebo vyzrazen\u00fdch dat<\/strong>, <strong>nespr\u00e1vn\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f<\/strong> nebo srovnateln\u00fdch d\u016fkazn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f, jako\u017e i <strong>vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se za \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed osobu<\/strong>. Stejn\u011b tak je skutkov\u00e1 podstata napln\u011bna, pokud je zp\u016fsobena <strong>majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed 5 000,00\u00a0\u20ac<\/strong>, bez ohledu na druh klam\u00e1n\u00ed.   <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda<\/strong> nastane, proto\u017ee ob\u011b\u0165 v\u011b\u0159\u00ed klam\u00e1n\u00ed a <strong>jedn\u00e1 na tomto z\u00e1klad\u011b<\/strong>. Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed je, \u017ee <strong>sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed majetku je zp\u016fsobeno nep\u0159\u00edmo chov\u00e1n\u00edm podveden\u00e9ho<\/strong>. <strong>Bez klam\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> by ob\u011b\u0165 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, strpen\u00ed nebo opomenut\u00ed <strong>neu\u010dinila<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Klam\u00e1n\u00ed o skute\u010dnostech<\/strong> nast\u00e1v\u00e1, pokud jsou ob\u011bti <strong>p\u0159edst\u00edr\u00e1ny nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti<\/strong>, <strong>zkresleny pravdiv\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti<\/strong> nebo <strong>zatajeny okolnosti podl\u00e9haj\u00edc\u00ed objasn\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>. Skute\u010dnosti jsou <strong>konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed ud\u00e1losti nebo stavy minulosti nebo p\u0159\u00edtomnosti<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 d\u016fkaz\u016fm. Klam\u00e1n\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt <strong>kauz\u00e1ln\u00ed pro majetkov\u00fd \u00fakon<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Objektivn\u00ed skutkov\u00e1 podstata je <strong>ji\u017e napln\u011bna<\/strong>, jakmile <strong>chov\u00e1n\u00edm podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdm klam\u00e1n\u00edm<\/strong> dojde k <strong>majetkov\u00e9 \u0161kod\u011b<\/strong>. <strong>Nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9<\/strong>, aby pachatel ji\u017e realizoval majetkov\u00fd prosp\u011bch. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-prufungsschritte\">Kroky ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tatsubjekt\">Subjekt \u010dinu:<\/h4>\n\n<p>Subjektem \u010dinu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt <strong>ka\u017ed\u00e1 trestn\u011b odpov\u011bdn\u00e1 osoba<\/strong>. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed osobn\u00ed vlastnosti <strong>nejsou nutn\u00e9<\/strong>, ani <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku<\/a> neobsahuje zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed delikt. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tatobjekt\">Objekt \u010dinu:<\/h4>\n\n<p>Objektem \u010dinu je <strong>majetek podveden\u00e9ho nebo t\u0159et\u00ed osoby<\/strong>, kter\u00fd je po\u0161kozen <strong>chov\u00e1n\u00edm podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdm klam\u00e1n\u00edm<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tathandlung\">Jedn\u00e1n\u00ed: <\/h4>\n\n<p>Jedn\u00e1n\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v <strong>klam\u00e1n\u00ed o skute\u010dnostech<\/strong>, kter\u00fdm je ob\u011b\u0165 p\u0159im\u011bna k <strong>jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, strpen\u00ed nebo opomenut\u00ed<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 <strong>zp\u016fsob\u00ed majetkovou \u0161kodu<\/strong>.<br\/>U <strong>z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu podle <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku<\/a><\/strong> mus\u00ed nav\u00edc existovat <strong>kvalifikuj\u00edc\u00ed okolnost<\/strong>, zejm\u00e9na <strong>pou\u017eit\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho prost\u0159edku klam\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>, jako je <strong>fale\u0161n\u00e1 nebo pad\u011blan\u00e1 listina<\/strong>, <strong>zneu\u017eit\u00fd bezhotovostn\u00ed platebn\u00ed prost\u0159edek<\/strong>, <strong>manipulovan\u00e1 nebo vyzrazen\u00e1 data<\/strong>, <strong>nespr\u00e1vn\u00fd m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroj<\/strong>, <strong>vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se za \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed osobu<\/strong> nebo <strong>p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed z\u00e1konn\u00fdch hranic \u0161kody<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-taterfolg\">N\u00e1sledek \u010dinu:<\/h4>\n\n<p>\u00dasp\u011bch \u010dinu spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve <strong>vzniku majetkov\u00e9 \u0161kody<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 <strong>bezprost\u0159edn\u011b vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z chov\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u011bti podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho klam\u00e1n\u00edm<\/strong>. Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e1 kvalifikace nast\u00e1v\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na tehdy, pokud je \u010dinem zp\u016fsobena <strong>\u0161koda p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed 300 000,00\u00a0\u20ac<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-kausalitat\">Kauzalita:<\/h4>\n\n<p>Majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda mus\u00ed b\u00fdt <strong>n\u00e1sledkem klam\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>. <strong>Bez klam\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> by ob\u011b\u0165 \u00fakon po\u0161kozuj\u00edc\u00ed majetek <strong>neu\u010dinila<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-objektive-zurechnung\">Objektivn\u00ed p\u0159i\u010ditatelnost: <\/h4>\n\n<p>\u00dasp\u011bch je objektivn\u011b p\u0159i\u010ditateln\u00fd, pokud se <strong>realizuje p\u0159esn\u011b to riziko<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 chce trestn\u00ed norma zabr\u00e1nit, toti\u017e \u017ee <strong>majetek je naru\u0161en sebepo\u0161kozov\u00e1n\u00edm ob\u011bti podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdm klam\u00e1n\u00edm<\/strong>.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-peter-harlander\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/ph100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Peter Harlander<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eZ\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 p\u0159esn\u00fd \u0159et\u011bzec p\u0159\u00ed\u010din a n\u00e1sledk\u016f: Klam\u00e1n\u00ed, omyl, majetkov\u00fd \u00fakon a \u0161koda mus\u00ed b\u00fdt jasn\u011b dolo\u017eiteln\u00e9. Pokud chyb\u00ed jeden \u010dl\u00e1nek, obvin\u011bn\u00ed neobstoj\u00ed. \u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Bezplatn\u00e1 \u00favodn\u00ed konzultace\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Vyberte si po\u017eadovan\u00fd term\u00edn:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Bezplatn\u00e1 \u00favodn\u00ed konzultace<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-abgrenzung-zu-anderen-delikten\">Rozli\u0161en\u00ed od jin\u00fdch delikt\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Skutkov\u00e1 podstata <strong>z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu podle <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku<\/a><\/strong><\/strong> nutn\u011b navazuje na <strong>podvod podle \u00a7 146 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku<\/strong>. Zahrnuje p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy je osoba <strong>klaman\u00edm o skute\u010dnostech<\/strong> svedena k <strong>jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, strpen\u00ed nebo opomenut\u00ed<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsob\u00ed <strong>majetkovou \u0161kodu<\/strong>, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e protipr\u00e1vnost je zv\u00fd\u0161ena <strong>kvalifikuj\u00edc\u00edmi prost\u0159edky klam\u00e1n\u00ed nebo zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm rozsahem \u0161kody<\/strong>. T\u011b\u017ei\u0161t\u011b protipr\u00e1vnosti spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v <strong>c\u00edlen\u00e9m uveden\u00ed ob\u011bti v omyl<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 jedn\u00e1 na z\u00e1klad\u011b <strong>fale\u0161n\u00e9ho obrazu skute\u010dnosti v d\u016fsledku omylu<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Charakteristick\u00e9 je i u z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu, \u017ee <strong>nen\u00ed pou\u017eito n\u00e1sil\u00ed ani nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 vyhro\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>. Ob\u011b\u0165 nejedn\u00e1 <strong>pod n\u00e1tlakem<\/strong>, ale na z\u00e1klad\u011b klam\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9mu uv\u011b\u0159\u00ed. Pachatel <strong>v\u011bdom\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 omyl<\/strong>, aby sob\u011b nebo t\u0159et\u00ed osob\u011b opat\u0159il <strong>neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd majetkov\u00fd prosp\u011bch<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u00a7 105 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku \u2013 N\u00e1tlak<\/strong>: N\u00e1tlak zahrnuje p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy je n\u011bkdo <strong>n\u00e1sil\u00edm nebo nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm vyhro\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm<\/strong> donucen k ur\u010dit\u00e9mu chov\u00e1n\u00ed. <strong>Majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda<\/strong> zde nen\u00ed nutn\u011b vy\u017eadov\u00e1na. U <strong>z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu<\/strong> n\u00e1tlak zcela chyb\u00ed. Chov\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u011bti je zalo\u017eeno <strong>v\u00fdhradn\u011b na klam\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>, nikoli na tlaku nebo vyhro\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. Pokud chyb\u00ed bu\u010f <strong>klam\u00e1n\u00ed o skute\u010dnostech<\/strong>, nebo <strong>majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda<\/strong>, nejedn\u00e1 se o podvod.    <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00a7 142 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku \u2013 Loupe\u017e:<\/strong> P\u0159i loupe\u017ei si pachatel <strong>s\u00e1m odebere ciz\u00ed movitou v\u011bc<\/strong> nebo ji <strong>bezprost\u0159edn\u011b vym\u00e1h\u00e1<\/strong> za pou\u017eit\u00ed <strong>n\u00e1sil\u00ed nebo vyhro\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed bezprost\u0159edn\u00edm nebezpe\u010d\u00edm pro \u017eivot nebo zdrav\u00ed<\/strong>. U z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu chyb\u00ed jak <strong>\u00fakon odebr\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>, tak <strong>n\u00e1tlakov\u00fd charakter<\/strong>. Majetkov\u00e1 \u00fajma vznik\u00e1 <strong>pouze \u00fakonem ob\u011bti podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdm klam\u00e1n\u00edm<\/strong>.  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-konkurrenzen\">Konkurence:<\/h3>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-echte-konkurrenz\">Skute\u010dn\u00e1 konkurence: <\/h4>\n\n<p>Skute\u010dn\u00e1 konkurence nast\u00e1v\u00e1, pokud jsou krom\u011b <strong>z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu<\/strong> realizov\u00e1ny dal\u0161\u00ed <strong>samostatn\u00e9 delikty<\/strong>, nap\u0159\u00edklad <strong>pad\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed listin<\/strong>, <strong>pad\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed dat<\/strong> nebo <strong>poru\u0161en\u00ed povinnosti p\u0159i spr\u00e1v\u011b ciz\u00edho majetku<\/strong>. Skutkov\u00e9 podstaty z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed vedle sebe, proto\u017ee jsou <strong>poru\u0161eny r\u016fzn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed statky<\/strong> a nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed ke konzumaci. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-unechte-konkurrenz\">Neskute\u010dn\u00e1 konkurence:<\/h4>\n\n<p>Neskute\u010dn\u00e1 konkurence nast\u00e1v\u00e1, pokud jin\u00e1 skutkov\u00e1 podstata <strong>zcela zahrnuje ve\u0161ker\u00fd obsah protipr\u00e1vnosti podvodu<\/strong>. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b podvod ustupuje jako <strong>subsidi\u00e1rn\u00ed skutkov\u00e1 podstata<\/strong>, nap\u0159\u00edklad pokud je klam\u00e1n\u00ed pouze <strong>nesamostatn\u00fdm prost\u0159edkem \u010dinu<\/strong> speci\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00edho deliktu. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tatmehrheit\">Mnoho\u010dinnost: <\/h4>\n\n<p>Mnohost trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f nast\u00e1v\u00e1, pokud je sp\u00e1ch\u00e1no <strong>n\u011bkolik samostatn\u00fdch podvodn\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>, nap\u0159\u00edklad u <strong>\u010dasov\u011b odd\u011blen\u00fdch klam\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> s v\u017edy <strong>samostatnou majetkovou \u0161kodou<\/strong>. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed <strong>samostatnou trestn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00ed jednotku<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-fortgesetzte-handlung\">Pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed: <\/h4>\n\n<p><strong>Jednotn\u00fd \u010din<\/strong> lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, pokud n\u011bkolik <strong>klamav\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00ed stoj\u00ed v \u00fazk\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 a v\u011bcn\u00e9 souvislosti<\/strong> a jsou neseny <strong>jednotn\u00fdm pl\u00e1nem \u010dinu<\/strong>. \u010cin kon\u010d\u00ed, jakmile <strong>nedojde k \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu dal\u0161\u00edmu majetkov\u00e9mu \u00fakonu podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9mu klam\u00e1n\u00edm<\/strong>. <\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eVysok\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stky \u0161kod nebo pou\u017eit\u00ed fale\u0161n\u00fdch listin v\u00fdrazn\u011b posouvaj\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Co m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u jednoduch\u00e9ho podvodu je\u0161t\u011b hrani\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad, vede u z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu rychle k citeln\u00fdm trest\u016fm odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody. \u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-beweislast-amp-beweiswurdigung\">D\u016fkazn\u00ed b\u0159emeno a hodnocen\u00ed d\u016fkaz\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-staatsanwaltschaft\">St\u00e1tn\u00ed zastupitelstv\u00ed: <\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>St\u00e1tn\u00ed zastupitelstv\u00ed<\/strong> mus\u00ed prok\u00e1zat, \u017ee obvin\u011bn\u00fd sp\u00e1chal <strong>podvod podle \u00a7 146 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku<\/strong> a \u017ee <strong>nav\u00edc je spln\u011bna kvalifika\u010dn\u00ed skutkov\u00e1 podstata <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku<\/a><\/strong><\/strong>. V\u00fdchodiskem je d\u016fkaz <strong>klam\u00e1n\u00ed o skute\u010dnostech<\/strong>, kter\u00fdm obvin\u011bn\u00fd p\u0159im\u011bl osobu k <strong>jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, strpen\u00ed nebo opomenut\u00ed<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobilo <strong>majetkovou \u0161kodu<\/strong>. Nav\u00edc je t\u0159eba prok\u00e1zat, \u017ee obvin\u011bn\u00fd jednal <strong>\u00famysln\u011b<\/strong>, aby sob\u011b nebo t\u0159et\u00ed osob\u011b opat\u0159il <strong>neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd majetkov\u00fd prosp\u011bch<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Krom\u011b toho mus\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed zastupitelstv\u00ed prok\u00e1zat, \u017ee \u010din byl sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n <strong>za kvalifikuj\u00edc\u00edch okolnost\u00ed <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku<\/a><\/strong><\/strong>, zejm\u00e9na <strong>pou\u017eit\u00edm zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho prost\u0159edku klam\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> nebo <strong>p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00edm z\u00e1konem stanoven\u00fdch hranic \u0161kody<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p>Je t\u0159eba prok\u00e1zat zejm\u00e9na, \u017ee<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>zda k <strong>uveden\u00ed v omyl ohledn\u011b skute\u010dnost\u00ed<\/strong> skute\u010dn\u011b do\u0161lo,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>zda byl podvod <strong>kauz\u00e1ln\u00ed pro omyl<\/strong> u podveden\u00e9ho,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>podveden\u00fd na z\u00e1klad\u011b tohoto omylu u\u010dinil <strong>jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, strpen\u00ed nebo opomenut\u00ed<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>zda toto jedn\u00e1n\u00ed <strong>objektivn\u011b vedlo k majetkov\u00e9 \u0161kod\u011b<\/strong> u podveden\u00e9ho nebo u t\u0159et\u00ed osoby,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>mezi <strong>klam\u00e1n\u00edm, omylem, majetkov\u00fdm \u00fakonem a majetkovou \u0161kodou<\/strong> existuje p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinn\u00e1 souvislost,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>zda bylo po\u0161kozen\u00ed majetku <strong>p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm d\u016fsledkem \u00fakonu zp\u016fsoben\u00e9ho podvodem<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>obvin\u011bn\u00fd jednal <strong>s \u00famyslem obohatit se<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sowie dass ein <strong>qualifizierender Umstand des \u00a7&nbsp;147&nbsp;StGB<\/strong> vorliegt, etwa\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>pou\u017eit\u00ed fale\u0161n\u00e9 nebo pad\u011blan\u00e9 listiny<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>zneu\u017eit\u00ed bezhotovostn\u00edho platebn\u00edho prost\u0159edku<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>manipulovan\u00e1 nebo vyzrazen\u00e1 data<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>nespr\u00e1vn\u00fd m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroj<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se za \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed osobu<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nebo <strong>\u0161koda p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed 5 000,00\u00a0\u20ac, resp. 300 000,00\u00a0\u20ac<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>St\u00e1tn\u00ed zastupitelstv\u00ed mus\u00ed uv\u00e9st, zda jsou <strong>klamav\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, omyl, majetkov\u00fd \u00fakon, majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda, \u00famysl obohatit se a kvalifikace<\/strong> objektivn\u011b zjistiteln\u00e9, nap\u0159\u00edklad prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>v\u00fdpov\u011bd\u00ed sv\u011bdk\u016f<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>d\u016fkaz\u016f o komunikaci<\/strong>, jako jsou zpr\u00e1vy, e-maily nebo protokoly z jedn\u00e1n\u00ed,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>listin, smluv nebo p\u00edsemnost\u00ed<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>platebn\u00edch tok\u016f<\/strong>, p\u0159evod\u016f nebo \u00fa\u010detn\u00edch doklad\u016f,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>video- nebo zvukov\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a <strong>indici\u00ed<\/strong> pro pl\u00e1novit\u00fd postup, opakov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo c\u00edlenost klam\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-gericht\">Soud: <\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>Soud<\/strong> p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1 ve\u0161ker\u00e9 d\u016fkazy <strong>v celkov\u00e9 souvislosti<\/strong>. Posoud\u00ed, zda podle objektivn\u00edch m\u011b\u0159\u00edtek existuje <strong>klam\u00e1n\u00ed o skute\u010dnostech<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 <strong>kauz\u00e1ln\u011b vedlo k majetkov\u00e9mu \u00fakonu v d\u016fsledku omylu<\/strong> a n\u00e1sledn\u011b k <strong>majetkov\u00e9 \u0161kod\u011b<\/strong>. Nav\u00edc je t\u0159eba p\u0159ezkoumat, zda <strong>kvalifikuj\u00edc\u00ed znaky \u00a7 147 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku<\/strong> a <strong>\u00famysl obohatit se<\/strong> obvin\u011bn\u00e9ho lze <strong>bez pochybnost\u00ed zjistit<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Soud p\u0159itom zohled\u0148uje zejm\u00e9na<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Obsah, druh a intenzita klam\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u010dasovou souvislost<\/strong> mezi podvodem, omylem a majetkov\u00fdm \u00fakonem,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u011bti<\/strong> a jej\u00ed rozhodovac\u00ed z\u00e1kladnu,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>v\u00fdpov\u011bdi sv\u011bdk\u016f k <strong>pr\u016fb\u011bhu klam\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> a k \u00fa\u010dasti obvin\u011bn\u00e9ho,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>obsah komunikace<\/strong>, smluvn\u00ed dokumentace nebo doklady o platb\u011b,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>zda byly \u00fadaje obvin\u011bn\u00e9ho <strong>objektivn\u011b nepravdiv\u00e9 nebo zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>zda by <strong>rozumn\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk<\/strong> podlehl omylu u tohoto podvodu,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>zda <strong>majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda nastala ekonomicky srozumiteln\u011b<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a zda je patrn\u00fd <strong>c\u00edlen\u00fd, pl\u00e1novit\u00fd nebo zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd postup<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Soud jasn\u011b rozli\u0161uje <strong>pouh\u00e1 smluvn\u00ed rizika<\/strong>, <strong>civiln\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00ed poruchy pln\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>, <strong>vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1zor\u016f<\/strong>, <strong>p\u0159\u00edsliby do budoucna bez faktick\u00e9ho z\u00e1kladu<\/strong> a p\u0159\u00edpady, ve kter\u00fdch sice nastala majetkov\u00e1 \u00fajma, <strong>skutkov\u00e1 podstata klam\u00e1n\u00ed nebo kvalifikace podle <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku<\/a><\/strong><\/strong> v\u0161ak nen\u00ed prokazateln\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-beschuldigte-person\">Obvin\u011bn\u00e1 osoba: <\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>Obvin\u011bn\u00e1 osoba<\/strong> nenese <strong>\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 d\u016fkazn\u00ed b\u0159emeno<\/strong>. M\u016f\u017ee v\u0161ak pouk\u00e1zat na <strong>opodstatn\u011bn\u00e9 pochybnosti<\/strong>, zejm\u00e9na ohledn\u011b <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>zda v\u016fbec do\u0161lo k <strong>uveden\u00ed v omyl ohledn\u011b skute\u010dnost\u00ed<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>zda byly \u00fadaje <strong>objektivn\u011b nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9<\/strong>, nebo pouze <strong>hodnot\u00edc\u00ed<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>zda skute\u010dn\u011b vznikl <strong>omyl u ob\u011bti<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>zda mezi podvodem a majetkov\u00fdm \u00fakonem existovala <strong>kauz\u00e1ln\u00ed souvislost<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>zda bylo jedn\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u011bti <strong>dobrovoln\u00e9 a na vlastn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>zda skute\u010dn\u011b nastala <strong>majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>zda byly dosa\u017eeny <strong>hranice \u0161kody podle \u00a7 147 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>zda m\u011bl obvin\u011bn\u00fd <strong>\u00famysl obohatit se<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nebo zda existuj\u00ed pouze <strong>civiln\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00ed spory nebo nedorozum\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>M\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 uv\u00e9st, \u017ee \u00fadaje byly <strong>zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed, ne\u00fapln\u00e9, podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 situac\u00ed nebo v dobr\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e<\/strong>, nebo \u017ee je sice tvrd\u00ed majetkov\u00e1 \u00fajma, <strong>p\u0159edpoklady z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu<\/strong> v\u0161ak nejsou spln\u011bny.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-typische-bewertung\">Typick\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed<\/h4>\n\n<p>V praxi maj\u00ed u <strong>z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu podle <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku<\/a><\/strong><\/strong> v\u00fdznam zejm\u00e9na n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed d\u016fkazn\u00ed prost\u0159edky:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>V\u00fdpov\u011bdi sv\u011bdk\u016f<\/strong> k situaci klam\u00e1n\u00ed a rozhodovac\u00edmu z\u00e1kladu ob\u011bti,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>zpr\u00e1vy, e-maily nebo jin\u00e9 d\u016fkazy o komunikaci<\/strong> k obsahu podvodu,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Listiny, smlouvy, nab\u00eddky nebo faktury<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Doklady o platb\u00e1ch, p\u0159evody nebo p\u0159esuny majetku<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>video- nebo zvukov\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u010dasov\u00e9 pr\u016fb\u011bhy<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 dokazuj\u00ed souvislost mezi podvodem, omylem a \u0161kodou,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Indicie pro pl\u00e1novit\u00fd, opakovan\u00fd nebo zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd postup<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a tak\u00e9 <strong>podklady pro ekonomick\u00fd v\u00fdpo\u010det \u0161kody<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-peter-harlander\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/ph100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Peter Harlander<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eBez \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 dokumentace komunikace a platebn\u00edch tok\u016f z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 podvod \u010dasto tvrzen\u00edm proti tvrzen\u00ed. To pro odsouzen\u00ed nesta\u010d\u00ed. \u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Bezplatn\u00e1 \u00favodn\u00ed konzultace\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Vyberte si po\u017eadovan\u00fd term\u00edn:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Bezplatn\u00e1 \u00favodn\u00ed konzultace<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-praxisbeispiele\">P\u0159\u00edklady z praxe<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Podvod p\u0159edst\u00edr\u00e1n\u00edm neexistuj\u00edc\u00edho pln\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159i fale\u0161n\u00e9m vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se za \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed osobu<\/strong>: Pachatel se <strong>fale\u0161n\u011b vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 za \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed osobu<\/strong> a v r\u00e1mci tohoto klam\u00e1n\u00ed po\u017eaduje zaplacen\u00ed \u00fadajn\u00e9ho poplatku, d\u00e1vky nebo pokuty. Ob\u011b\u0165 d\u016fv\u011b\u0159uje p\u0159edst\u00edran\u00e9mu \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edmu postaven\u00ed, provede po\u017eadovanou platbu a o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed \u00fakon nebo vy\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti. Takov\u00fd \u00fakon nen\u00ed pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n a ani se neuskute\u010dn\u00ed. Majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda vznikne, proto\u017ee ob\u011b\u0165 <strong>na z\u00e1klad\u011b kvalifikovan\u00e9ho klam\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> sama disponuje sv\u00fdm majetkem. I zde se jedn\u00e1 o      <strong>z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod podle \u00a7 147 odst. 1 p\u00edsm. 3 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku <\/strong> .<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Podvod s kvalifikovanou v\u00fd\u0161\u00ed \u0161kody<\/strong><br\/>Pachatel uv\u00e1d\u00ed v omyl ohledn\u011b skute\u010dnost\u00ed, ani\u017e by pou\u017eil zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed prost\u0159edek klam\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159im\u011bje ob\u011b\u0165 k dispozici po\u0161kozuj\u00edc\u00ed majetek a zp\u016fsob\u00ed t\u00edm <strong>\u0161kodu p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed 5 000,00\u00a0\u20ac<\/strong>. Majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda vznik\u00e1 na z\u00e1klad\u011b dispozice ob\u011bti zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 klam\u00e1n\u00edm. Vzhledem ke <strong>kvalifikovan\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161i \u0161kody<\/strong> se bez ohledu na zp\u016fsob klam\u00e1n\u00ed jedn\u00e1 o   <strong>z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod podle \u00a7 147 odst. 2 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku <\/strong>  . Pokud \u0161koda p\u0159es\u00e1hne <strong>300 000,00\u00a0\u20ac<\/strong>, je skutkov\u00e1 podstata napln\u011bna podle  <strong>\u00a7 147 odst. 3 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku <\/strong> .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Tyto p\u0159\u00edklady ilustruj\u00ed typick\u00e9 formy <strong>z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu<\/strong>. Charakteristick\u00e9 je i zde, \u017ee <strong>nen\u00ed pou\u017eito \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 donucen\u00ed ani hrozba<\/strong>, ale ob\u011b\u0165 je <strong>prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f klam\u00e1n\u00ed nebo rozsahem \u0161kody<\/strong> p\u0159im\u011bna k dobrovoln\u00e9, ale omylem podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 dispozici s majetkem. T\u011b\u017ei\u0161t\u011b protipr\u00e1vnosti spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v <strong>kvalifikovan\u00e9m uveden\u00ed v omyl nebo v mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9m rozsahu \u0161kody<\/strong>, nikoli v intenzit\u011b fyzick\u00e9ho z\u00e1sahu nebo ve zp\u016fsobu majetkov\u00e9ho p\u0159esunu.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-subjektiver-tatbestand\">Subjektivn\u00ed skutkov\u00e1 podstata<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>Subjektivn\u00ed skutkov\u00e1 podstata z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu podle <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku<\/a><\/strong> vy\u017eaduje <strong>\u00famysl ve vztahu ke v\u0161em objektivn\u00edm znak\u016fm skutkov\u00e9 podstaty \u00a7 146 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku<\/strong>. Pachatel si mus\u00ed uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee <strong>klam\u00e1n\u00edm o skute\u010dnostech<\/strong> vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 <strong>omyl<\/strong>, kter\u00fd vede k <strong>dispozici po\u0161kozuj\u00edc\u00ed majetek<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Eventu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00famysl<\/strong> posta\u010duje. Pachatel mus\u00ed klam\u00e1n\u00ed, omyl, dispozici s majetkem a majetkovou \u0161kodu <strong>v\u00e1\u017en\u011b pova\u017eovat za mo\u017en\u00e9 a sm\u00ed\u0159it se s t\u00edm<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p>Krom\u011b toho se mus\u00ed \u00famysl vztahovat <strong>i na kvalifikuj\u00edc\u00ed znak <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku<\/a><\/strong>, nap\u0159\u00edklad na <strong>pou\u017eit\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho prost\u0159edku klam\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> nebo na <strong>vznik kvalifikovan\u00e9 majetkov\u00e9 \u0161kody<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p>Zcela nezbytn\u00fd je <strong>\u00famysl obohatit se<\/strong>. Pachatel mus\u00ed jednat s c\u00edlem z\u00edskat pro sebe nebo pro t\u0159et\u00ed osobu <strong>protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed majetkov\u00fd prosp\u011bch<\/strong>, kter\u00fd je <strong>toto\u017en\u00fd se zp\u016fsobenou majetkovou \u0161kodou<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p>Subjektivn\u00ed skutkov\u00e1 podstata nen\u00ed d\u00e1na, pokud <strong>chyb\u00ed \u00famysl klamat<\/strong>, <strong>chyb\u00ed \u00famysl obohatit se<\/strong> nebo <strong>chyb\u00ed \u00famysl ohledn\u011b kvalifikace<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Bezplatn\u00e1 \u00favodn\u00ed konzultace\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Vyberte si po\u017eadovan\u00fd term\u00edn:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Bezplatn\u00e1 \u00favodn\u00ed konzultace<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-schuld-amp-irrtumer\">Vina a omyly<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/trestni-pravo\/pravni-omyl\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Omyly o z\u00e1kazu<\/a>:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n<p>Omyly o z\u00e1kazu jsou omluviteln\u00e9 pouze tehdy, pokud byly <strong>nevyhnuteln\u00e9<\/strong>. Kdo se chov\u00e1 zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd <strong>zjevn\u011b zasahuje do pr\u00e1v jin\u00fdch<\/strong>, nem\u016f\u017ee se dovol\u00e1vat toho, \u017ee neznal protipr\u00e1vnost. Ka\u017ed\u00fd je povinen se informovat o <strong>pr\u00e1vn\u00edch hranic\u00edch<\/strong> sv\u00e9ho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed. Pouh\u00e1 nev\u011bdomost nebo lehkomysln\u00fd omyl nezbavuje odpov\u011bdnosti.   <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Princip viny:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n<p>Trestn\u00fd je pouze ten, kdo jedn\u00e1 <strong>zavin\u011bn\u011b<\/strong>. \u00damysln\u00e9 trestn\u00e9 \u010diny vy\u017eaduj\u00ed, aby pachatel znal podstatn\u00e9 d\u011bn\u00ed a alespo\u0148 <strong>s n\u00edm sm\u00ed\u0159en\u011b souhlasil<\/strong>. Pokud tento \u00famysl chyb\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad proto, \u017ee se pachatel myln\u011b domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee jeho chov\u00e1n\u00ed je dovoleno nebo je <strong>dobrovoln\u011b podporov\u00e1no<\/strong>, jedn\u00e1 se nanejv\u00fd\u0161 o nedbalost. Ta u \u00famysln\u00fdch trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f nesta\u010d\u00ed.   <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Nep\u0159\u00ed\u010detnost:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 vina nepostihuje toho, kdo v dob\u011b \u010dinu nebyl schopen v d\u016fsledku <strong>z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 du\u0161evn\u00ed poruchy<\/strong>, <strong>chorobn\u00e9 du\u0161evn\u00ed poruchy<\/strong> nebo <strong>v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 neschopnosti ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> rozpoznat protipr\u00e1vnost sv\u00e9ho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed nebo jednat podle tohoto pozn\u00e1n\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edch pochybnost\u00ed bude vy\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1n <strong>psychiatrick\u00fd posudek<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/trestni-pravo\/omluvitelna-nouze\/\">Omluviteln\u00e1 krajn\u00ed nouze<\/a>:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n<p>Omluviteln\u00e1 krajn\u00ed nouze m\u016f\u017ee nastat, pokud pachatel jedn\u00e1 v <strong>extr\u00e9mn\u00ed t\u00edsni<\/strong>, aby odvr\u00e1til <strong>akutn\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed<\/strong> pro vlastn\u00ed \u017eivot nebo \u017eivot jin\u00fdch. Chov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee v\u0161ak p\u016fsobit <strong>sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed viny<\/strong> nebo omluviteln\u011b, pokud neexistovala jin\u00e1 mo\u017enost. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/trestni-pravo\/mylna-domnenka-o-existenci-okolnosti-vylucujici-protipravnost\/\">Domn\u011bl\u00e1 nutn\u00e1 obrana<\/a>:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n<p>Kdo se myln\u011b domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee je opr\u00e1vn\u011bn k obrann\u00e9mu jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, jedn\u00e1 bez \u00famyslu, pokud byl omyl <strong>v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd a pochopiteln\u00fd<\/strong>. Takov\u00fd omyl m\u016f\u017ee <strong>sn\u00ed\u017eit nebo vylou\u010dit vinu<\/strong>. Pokud v\u0161ak z\u016fstane poru\u0161en\u00ed povinnosti p\u00e9\u010de, p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed v \u00favahu nedbalostn\u00ed nebo trest zm\u00edr\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed, nikoli v\u0161ak ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strafaufhebung-amp-diversion\">Upu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed od potrest\u00e1n\u00ed a odklon<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-diversion\">Odklon:<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>Odklon<\/strong> je u <strong>z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu podle <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku<\/a><\/strong> pouze <strong>omezen\u011b mo\u017en\u00fd<\/strong>. Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod je pr\u00e1vn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1n za <strong>v\u00fdrazn\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed<\/strong> ne\u017e prost\u00fd podvod, proto\u017ee bu\u010f jsou pou\u017eity <strong>obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky klam\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>, nebo vznikla <strong>zna\u010dn\u00e1 majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda<\/strong>. I kdy\u017e nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomno n\u00e1sil\u00ed nebo hrozba, tato zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 z\u00e1va\u017enost protipr\u00e1vnosti zpravidla hovo\u0159\u00ed <strong>proti odklon\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadu<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Zda odklon p\u0159esto p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed v \u00favahu, z\u00e1vis\u00ed na <strong>celkov\u00e9m obrazu \u010dinu<\/strong>. Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed jsou p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm <strong>rozsah viny<\/strong>, <strong>druh klam\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>, <strong>v\u00fd\u0161e \u0161kody<\/strong>, <strong>intenzita \u010dinu<\/strong> a <strong>chov\u00e1n\u00ed pachatele po \u010dinu<\/strong>. \u010c\u00edm z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je klam\u00e1n\u00ed a \u010d\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed je \u0161koda, t\u00edm <strong>nepravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed<\/strong> je odklon.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Odklon lze <strong>v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b<\/strong> zv\u00e1\u017eit, pokud<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>vina celkov\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e1<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sice existuje z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod, ale ten se nach\u00e1z\u00ed <strong>na spodn\u00ed hranici trestnosti<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>je <strong>majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda p\u0159ehledn\u00e1<\/strong> a byla <strong>pln\u011b nahrazena<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nen\u00ed patrn\u00e9 <strong>\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pl\u00e1novit\u00e9, systematick\u00e9 nebo pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>je skutkov\u00fd stav <strong>jednoduch\u00fd a jasn\u00fd<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a pachatel vystupuje <strong>uv\u011bdom\u011ble, kooperativn\u011b a ochotn\u011b k vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Pokud p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed v \u00favahu odklon, m\u016f\u017ee soud na\u0159\u00eddit <strong>pen\u011b\u017eit\u00e9 pln\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>, <strong>pr\u00e1ce ve prosp\u011bch spole\u010dnosti<\/strong>, <strong>v\u00fdchovn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong> nebo <strong>narovn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>. Odklon <strong>nevede k odsouzen\u00ed<\/strong> a <strong>k \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu z\u00e1znamu v trestn\u00edm rejst\u0159\u00edku<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ausschluss-der-diversion\">Vylou\u010den\u00ed odklonu:<\/h3>\n\n<p>Odklon je <strong>pravideln\u011b vylou\u010den<\/strong>, pokud<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>byl podvod sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n <strong>pl\u00e1novit\u011b nebo opakovan\u011b<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>vznikla <strong>vysok\u00e1 majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>existuje <strong>n\u011bkolik podvodn\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>je patrn\u00fd <strong>komer\u010dn\u00ed postup<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>byly pou\u017eity <strong>fale\u0161n\u00e9 listiny, zmanipulovan\u00e1 data nebo zneu\u017eit\u00e9 platebn\u00ed prost\u0159edky<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>byl \u010din sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n <strong>v r\u00e1mci zlo\u010dineck\u00e9 skupiny<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nebo chov\u00e1n\u00ed <strong>v\u00fdrazn\u011b omezilo ekonomickou svobodu rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u011bti<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b u <strong>velmi vysok\u00fdch \u0161kod<\/strong> nebo <strong>obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f klam\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> je odklon <strong>prakticky vylou\u010den<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p>Odklon u z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu je <strong>realistick\u00fd pouze ve vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech<\/strong>. Vy\u017eaduje <strong>n\u00edzkou m\u00edru zavin\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>, <strong>p\u0159ehlednou \u0161kodu<\/strong> a <strong>v\u010dasnou, \u00faplnou n\u00e1pravu<\/strong>. V praxi je mnohem \u010dast\u011bji mo\u017en\u00fd u <strong>prost\u00e9ho podvodu<\/strong> ne\u017e u <strong>z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu<\/strong>, kter\u00fd zpravidla vede k <strong>form\u00e1ln\u00edmu trestn\u00edmu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eOdklon nen\u00ed automatismus. Pl\u00e1novit\u00fd postup, opakov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo znateln\u00e1 majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda vylu\u010duj\u00ed odklonn\u00e9 vy\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v praxi \u010dasto. \u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Bezplatn\u00e1 \u00favodn\u00ed konzultace\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Vyberte si po\u017eadovan\u00fd term\u00edn:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Bezplatn\u00e1 \u00favodn\u00ed konzultace<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strafzumessung-amp-folgen\">Vym\u011b\u0159en\u00ed trestu a n\u00e1sledky<\/h2>\n\n<p>Soud stanov\u00ed trest podle <strong>rozsahu majetkov\u00e9 \u0161kody<\/strong>, podle <strong>druhu, intenzity a trv\u00e1n\u00ed klam\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> a tak\u00e9 podle toho, jak siln\u011b byla omezena <strong>svoboda rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed a ekonomick\u00e9 postaven\u00ed ob\u011bti<\/strong>. Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed je zejm\u00e9na, jak <strong>pl\u00e1novit\u011b, c\u00edlen\u011b nebo opakovan\u011b<\/strong> pachatel postupoval a zda chov\u00e1n\u00ed podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 klam\u00e1n\u00edm vedlo k <strong>zna\u010dn\u00e9mu majetkov\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed<\/strong>. Je t\u0159eba vz\u00edt v \u00favahu tak\u00e9 to, zda pachatel jednal <strong>s obzvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed rafinovanost\u00ed<\/strong>, <strong>za pou\u017eit\u00ed kvalifikovan\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f klam\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> nebo <strong>zneu\u017eit\u00edm vztahu d\u016fv\u011bry<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-erschwerungsgrunde-bestehen-insbesondere-wenn\">P\u0159it\u011b\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed okolnosti existuj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na tehdy, pokud<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>byl \u010din sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n <strong>pl\u00e1novit\u011b, systematicky nebo opakovan\u011b<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>vznikla <strong>zna\u010dn\u00e1 majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>bylo zasa\u017eeno n\u011bkolik majetkov\u00fdch hodnot nebo ekonomicky kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch pozic,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pachatel zneu\u017eil <strong>zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed vztah d\u016fv\u011bry<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>byl \u010din sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n v <strong>bl\u00edzk\u00e9m, z\u00e1visl\u00e9m nebo nad\u0159azen\u00e9m vztahu<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nebo existuj\u00ed <strong>relevantn\u00ed z\u00e1znamy v trestn\u00edm rejst\u0159\u00edku<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-milderungsgrunde-sind-etwa\">Poleh\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed okolnosti jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>bez\u00fahonnost<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00fapln\u00e9 dozn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> a zjevn\u00e9 pochopen\u00ed,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>v\u010dasn\u00e9 ukon\u010den\u00ed<\/strong> deliktn\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>aktivn\u00ed a \u00fapln\u00e9 snahy o n\u00e1pravu<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed <strong>z\u00e1t\u011b\u017eov\u00e9 situace nebo situace p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed<\/strong> u pachatele,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nebo <strong>p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouh\u00e1 doba trv\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 <strong>upu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed od trestu odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody<\/strong> p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed u <strong>z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu<\/strong> v \u00favahu pouze <strong>omezen\u011b<\/strong>. Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed je, zda i p\u0159es <strong>kvalifikovan\u00e9 sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dinu<\/strong> existuje <strong>pozitivn\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed progn\u00f3za<\/strong>. S rostouc\u00ed <strong>v\u00fd\u0161\u00ed \u0161kody<\/strong>, pou\u017eit\u00edm <strong>obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f klam\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> nebo p\u0159i <strong>pl\u00e1novit\u00e9m nebo opakovan\u00e9m postupu<\/strong> se pravd\u011bpodobnost podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho trestu v\u00fdrazn\u011b sni\u017euje.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strafrahmen\">Trestn\u00ed sazba<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pro <strong>z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod podle <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku<\/a><\/strong> stanov\u00ed z\u00e1kon <strong>v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed trestn\u00ed sazby<\/strong> ne\u017e u prost\u00e9ho podvodu. Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed je, zda byl \u010din sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n <strong>prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f klam\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> nebo bylo dosa\u017eeno <strong>kvalifikovan\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161e majetkov\u00e9 \u0161kody<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p>Pokud je podvod sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n za pou\u017eit\u00ed <strong>fale\u0161n\u00fdch nebo pad\u011blan\u00fdch listin<\/strong>, <strong>zneu\u017eit\u00fdch bezhotovostn\u00edch platebn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f<\/strong>, <strong>zmanipulovan\u00fdch nebo odposlechnut\u00fdch dat<\/strong>, <strong>nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/strong> nebo <strong>vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm se za \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edka<\/strong>, hroz\u00ed <strong>trest odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody a\u017e na t\u0159i roky<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p>Pokud z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v <strong>kvalifikovan\u00e9 majetkov\u00e9 \u0161kod\u011b<\/strong>, zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i <strong>\u0161kod\u011b p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed 5 000,00\u00a0\u20ac<\/strong>, je rovn\u011b\u017e stanoven <strong>trest odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody a\u017e na t\u0159i roky<\/strong>. Pokud je \u010dinem zp\u016fsobena <strong>\u0161koda p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed 300 000,00\u00a0\u20ac<\/strong>, zvy\u0161uje se trestn\u00ed sazba na <strong>trest odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody na jeden a\u017e deset let<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p>Pokud je z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n <strong>v r\u00e1mci zlo\u010dineck\u00e9ho spol\u010den\u00ed<\/strong>, zvy\u0161uje se trestn\u00ed sazba na <strong>\u0161est m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f a\u017e p\u011bt let odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody<\/strong>, bez ohledu na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161i \u0161kody.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ein <strong>v\u00fdslovn\u011b upraven\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad men\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1va\u017enosti<\/strong> ist auch beim schweren Betrug <strong>nen\u00ed stanoven<\/strong>. Die konkrete Strafh\u00f6he bewegt sich jedoch innerhalb des jeweiligen gesetzlichen Strafrahmens und orientiert sich insbesondere an der <strong>v\u00fd\u0161i \u0161kody<\/strong>, der <strong>druh und intenzitu klam\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>, dem <strong>rozsah pou\u017eit\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f klam\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>, der <strong>dobu trv\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dinu<\/strong> sowie an den <strong>osobn\u00ed okolnosti pachatele<\/strong>. Bei geringerer Schuld, \u00fcberschaubarem Schaden und vollst\u00e4ndiger Wiedergutmachung kann im unteren Bereich des Strafrahmens vorgegangen werden, w\u00e4hrend bei hohen Sch\u00e4den oder besonders gef\u00e4hrlicher T\u00e4uschung empfindliche Freiheitsstrafen drohen.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Je t\u0159eba m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, \u017ee i u z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu <strong>nen\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd nespr\u00e1vn\u00fd \u00fadaj trestn\u00fd<\/strong>. Trestnost vy\u017eaduje, aby existovalo <strong>klam\u00e1n\u00ed o skute\u010dnostech<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 <strong>kauz\u00e1ln\u011b vede k dispozici s majetkem a k majetkov\u00e9 \u0161kod\u011b<\/strong> a aby pachatel jednal <strong>s \u00famyslem obohatit se<\/strong>. Pokud chyb\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad chybn\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 klam\u00e1n\u00edm, zp\u016fsoben\u00ed \u0161kody, \u00famysl ohledn\u011b kvalifikace nebo \u00famysl obohatit se, odpad\u00e1 skutkov\u00e1 podstata a <strong>nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k trestn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-geldstrafe-tagessatzsystem\">Pen\u011b\u017eit\u00fd trest \u2013 syst\u00e9m denn\u00edch sazeb<\/h2>\n\n<p>Rakousk\u00e9 trestn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1 pen\u011b\u017eit\u00e9 tresty podle <strong>syst\u00e9mu denn\u00edch sazeb<\/strong>. <strong>Po\u010det denn\u00edch sazeb<\/strong> se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed <strong>vinou<\/strong>, <strong>\u010d\u00e1stka za den<\/strong> se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed <strong>finan\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdkonnost\u00ed<\/strong>. T\u00edm se trest p\u0159izp\u016fsob\u00ed osobn\u00edm pom\u011br\u016fm a p\u0159esto z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 citeln\u00fd.  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Rozp\u011bt\u00ed:<\/strong> a\u017e <strong>720 denn\u00edch sazeb<\/strong> \u2013 minim\u00e1ln\u011b <strong>4\u00a0\u20ac<\/strong>, maxim\u00e1ln\u011b <strong>5\u00a0000\u00a0\u20ac<\/strong> za den.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Praktick\u00fd vzorec:<\/strong> P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b <strong>6 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody odpov\u00edd\u00e1 zhruba 360 denn\u00edm sazb\u00e1m<\/strong>. Tento p\u0159epo\u010det slou\u017e\u00ed pouze jako <strong>orientace<\/strong> a nen\u00ed <strong>\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pevn\u00e9 sch\u00e9ma<\/strong>. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>P\u0159i nezaplacen\u00ed:<\/strong> Soud m\u016f\u017ee ulo\u017eit <strong>n\u00e1hradn\u00ed trest odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody<\/strong>. Zpravidla plat\u00ed: <strong>1 den n\u00e1hradn\u00edho trestu odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody odpov\u00edd\u00e1 2 denn\u00edm sazb\u00e1m<\/strong>. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-hinweis\">Upozorn\u011bn\u00ed:<\/h4>\n\n<p>U <strong>z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu podle <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku<\/a><\/strong> ustupuje <strong>pen\u011b\u017eit\u00fd trest v\u00fdrazn\u011b do pozad\u00ed trestu odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody<\/strong>. Vzhledem ke <strong>zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 trestn\u00ed sazb\u011b<\/strong> nen\u00ed <strong>v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u00fd pen\u011b\u017eit\u00fd trest<\/strong> z\u00e1konem <strong>pravidlem<\/strong>, ale je mysliteln\u00fd pouze ve <strong>v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech s n\u00edzkou m\u00edrou zavin\u011bn\u00ed a n\u00edzk\u00fdm obsahem protipr\u00e1vnosti<\/strong>. V praxi se proto <strong>syst\u00e9m denn\u00edch sazeb<\/strong> u z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 <strong>v\u011bt\u0161inou dopl\u0148kov\u011b nebo n\u00e1hradn\u011b<\/strong>, zat\u00edmco v pop\u0159ed\u00ed stoj\u00ed <strong>tresty odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody<\/strong>, podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 nebo nepodm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-freiheitsstrafe-amp-teil-bedingte-nachsicht\">Trest odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody a (\u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b) podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 odlo\u017een\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u00a7 37 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku: Pokud z\u00e1konn\u00e1 trestn\u00ed sazba dosahuje a\u017e <strong>p\u011bti let odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody<\/strong>, m\u016f\u017ee soud za z\u00e1konn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek <strong>m\u00edsto kr\u00e1tk\u00e9ho trestu odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody v d\u00e9lce nejv\u00fd\u0161e jednoho roku ulo\u017eit pen\u011b\u017eit\u00fd trest<\/strong>. Toto ustanoven\u00ed je u <strong>z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu podle <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku<\/a><\/strong> pouze <strong>omezen\u011b pou\u017eiteln\u00e9<\/strong>, proto\u017ee trestn\u00ed sazba je v z\u00e1vislosti na proveden\u00ed \u010dinu v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ena. V praxi p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed \u00a7 37 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku v \u00favahu pouze tehdy, pokud by i p\u0159es kvalifikaci byl <strong>kr\u00e1tk\u00fd trest odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fd zavin\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong> a celkov\u00fd obraz \u010dinu se nach\u00e1z\u00ed <strong>na spodn\u00ed hranici z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu<\/strong>. Nejedn\u00e1 se p\u0159itom <strong>o vlastn\u00ed pen\u011b\u017eit\u00fd trest<\/strong>, ale o <strong>n\u00e1hradn\u00ed formu za kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 tresty odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody<\/strong>.   <\/p>\n\n<p>\u00a7 43 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku: <strong>Podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 upu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed od trestu odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody<\/strong> je mo\u017en\u00e9, pokud ulo\u017een\u00fd trest <strong>nep\u0159esahuje dva roky<\/strong> a pachateli je p\u0159izn\u00e1na <strong>pozitivn\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed progn\u00f3za<\/strong>. U <strong>z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu<\/strong> je tato mo\u017enost <strong>v\u00fdrazn\u011b omezen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed<\/strong> ne\u017e u prost\u00e9ho podvodu. P\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed v \u00favahu zejm\u00e9na u <strong>prvopachatel\u016f<\/strong>, <strong>p\u0159ehledn\u00e9 \u0161kody<\/strong>, <strong>\u00fapln\u00e9 n\u00e1hrady \u0161kody<\/strong> a <strong>chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00edho pl\u00e1novit\u00e9ho nebo opakovan\u00e9ho postupu<\/strong>. S rostouc\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161\u00ed \u0161kody nebo pou\u017eit\u00edm kvalifikovan\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f klam\u00e1n\u00ed se pravd\u011bpodobnost podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho upu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b sni\u017euje.   <\/p>\n\n<p>\u00a7 43a trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku: <strong>\u010c\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 upu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong> umo\u017e\u0148uje kombinaci <strong>nepodm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9<\/strong> a <strong>podm\u00edn\u011bn\u011b odlo\u017een\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti trestu<\/strong> u trest\u016f odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody <strong>p\u0159es \u0161est m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f a do dvou let<\/strong>. U z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt tato forma v\u00fdznam, pokud obraz \u010dinu <strong>nelze klasifikovat jako v\u00edce ne\u017e nepatrn\u00fd<\/strong>, ale tak\u00e9 <strong>ne jako obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd<\/strong>. P\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed v \u00favahu nap\u0159\u00edklad u <strong>vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u0161kody<\/strong>, <strong>n\u011bkolika jedn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> nebo <strong>zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 intenzity \u010dinu<\/strong>, pokud p\u0159esto existuje <strong>p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e1 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed progn\u00f3za<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/trestni-pravo\/probace-a-pokyny\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7\u00a7 50 a\u017e 52 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku:<\/a> Soud m\u016f\u017ee <strong>ud\u011blit pokyny<\/strong> a <strong>na\u0159\u00eddit proba\u010dn\u00ed dohled<\/strong>. U z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu se tato opat\u0159en\u00ed \u010dasto t\u00fdkaj\u00ed <strong>opat\u0159en\u00ed ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch chov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>, zejm\u00e9na k <strong>n\u00e1hrad\u011b \u0161kody<\/strong>, k <strong>finan\u010dn\u00edmu po\u0159\u00e1dku<\/strong> nebo ke <strong>stabilizaci osobn\u00edch \u017eivotn\u00edch pom\u011br\u016f<\/strong>. C\u00edlem je <strong>zabr\u00e1nit dal\u0161\u00edm majetkov\u00fdm delikt\u016fm<\/strong> a podpo\u0159it <strong>udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-zustandigkeit-der-gerichte\">P\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost soud\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sachliche-zustandigkeit\">V\u011bcn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod podle <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku<\/a><\/strong> je ohro\u017een <strong>tresty odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody a\u017e na t\u0159i roky, a\u017e na p\u011bt let nebo a\u017e na deset let<\/strong>, v z\u00e1vislosti na druhu klam\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fd\u0161i \u0161kody. T\u00edmto spad\u00e1 skutkov\u00e1 podstata <strong>ji\u017e mimo p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost okresn\u00edho soudu<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Hlavn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se v z\u00e1sad\u011b vede p\u0159ed krajsk\u00fdm soudem<\/strong>. Kter\u00e9 obsazen\u00ed krajsk\u00e9ho soudu je p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9, z\u00e1vis\u00ed na <strong>konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed trestn\u00ed sazb\u011b<\/strong> a na <strong>rozsahu \u0161kody<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p>V praxi plat\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>U z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu s trestn\u00ed sazbou <strong>a\u017e t\u0159i roky<\/strong> rozhoduje <strong>krajsk\u00fd soud prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm samosoudce<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pokud existuje z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod s <strong>v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm rozsahem \u0161kody<\/strong>, zejm\u00e9na u velmi vysok\u00fdch majetkov\u00fdch \u0161kod, je p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd <strong>krajsk\u00fd soud jako sen\u00e1t slo\u017een\u00fd ze soudc\u016f a p\u0159\u00edsed\u00edc\u00edch<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Porotn\u00ed soud<\/strong> nen\u00ed u z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu <strong>p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd<\/strong>, proto\u017ee <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku<\/a> nestanov\u00ed do\u017eivotn\u00ed trest odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody a \u017e\u00e1dnou doln\u00ed hranici vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u011bt let.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><strong>Okresn\u00ed soud<\/strong> nen\u00ed u z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu <strong>nikdy v\u011bcn\u011b p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd<\/strong>, bez ohledu na to, zda se jedn\u00e1 o jednoduch\u00fd nebo slo\u017eit\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ortliche-zustandigkeit\">M\u00edstn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost<\/h3>\n\n<p>M\u00edstn\u011b p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd je v z\u00e1sad\u011b soud, v jeho\u017e obvodu byl \u010din <strong>proveden nebo m\u011bl b\u00fdt proveden<\/strong>. Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed je zejm\u00e9na m\u00edsto, <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>byl <strong>podvodn\u00fd \u010din proveden<\/strong> nebo<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>bylo <strong>jedn\u00e1n\u00ed po\u0161kozuj\u00edc\u00ed majetek<\/strong> podveden\u00e9ho provedeno nebo m\u011blo b\u00fdt provedeno.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Pokud toto m\u00edsto nelze jednozna\u010dn\u011b ur\u010dit, \u0159\u00edd\u00ed se p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost z\u00e1konn\u00fdmi z\u00e1chytn\u00fdmi pravidly, zejm\u00e9na podle<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>bydli\u0161t\u011b obvin\u011bn\u00e9 osoby<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>m\u00edsta zat\u010den\u00ed<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nebo <strong>s\u00eddlo v\u011bcn\u011b p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho st\u00e1tn\u00edho zastupitelstv\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>\u0158\u00edzen\u00ed je vedeno tam, kde je nejl\u00e9pe zaru\u010deno <strong>\u00fa\u010deln\u00e9 a \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 proveden\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-instanzenzug\">Instan\u010dn\u00ed postup<\/h3>\n\n<p>Pokud je vynesen rozsudek <strong>krajsk\u00fdm soudem<\/strong>, maj\u00ed strany k dispozici <strong>z\u00e1konn\u00fd opravn\u00fd prost\u0159edek<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Proti rozsudk\u016fm krajsk\u00e9ho soudu lze podat <strong>odvol\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V z\u00e1konem stanoven\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed dodate\u010dn\u011b v \u00favahu <strong>st\u00ed\u017enost pro poru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kona<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>O t\u011bchto opravn\u00fdch prost\u0159edc\u00edch rozhoduje v z\u00e1vislosti na druhu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed <strong>vrchn\u00ed zemsk\u00fd soud<\/strong> nebo <strong>nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>P\u0159itom se ov\u011b\u0159uje, zda bylo \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed <strong>\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b vedeno<\/strong>, zda bylo pr\u00e1vo <strong>spr\u00e1vn\u011b aplikov\u00e1no<\/strong> a zda bylo rozhodnut\u00ed u\u010din\u011bno <strong>bez z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch procesn\u00edch chyb<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-zivilanspruche-im-strafverfahren\">Ob\u010danskopr\u00e1vn\u00ed n\u00e1roky v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>U <strong>z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu podle <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku<\/a><\/strong> m\u016f\u017ee po\u0161kozen\u00e1 osoba jako <strong>soukrom\u00fd \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk<\/strong> uplatnit sv\u00e9 ob\u010danskopr\u00e1vn\u00ed n\u00e1roky p\u0159\u00edmo v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Proto\u017ee i z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod sm\u011b\u0159uje k <strong>jedn\u00e1n\u00ed po\u0161kozuj\u00edc\u00edmu majetek, kter\u00e9 bylo zp\u016fsobeno klam\u00e1n\u00edm o skute\u010dnostech<\/strong>, zahrnuj\u00ed n\u00e1roky zejm\u00e9na <strong>pen\u011b\u017eit\u00e9 pln\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>, <strong>p\u0159eveden\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stky<\/strong>, <strong>vydan\u00e9 majetkov\u00e9 hodnoty<\/strong>, <strong>prominut\u00ed pohled\u00e1vek<\/strong> a tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed <strong>majetkov\u00e9 nev\u00fdhody<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 vznikly v d\u016fsledku klam\u00e1n\u00ed. To plat\u00ed i tehdy, pokud bylo klam\u00e1n\u00ed provedeno <strong>kvalifikovan\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky<\/strong>, jako jsou <strong>fale\u0161n\u00e9 nebo pad\u011blan\u00e9 listiny<\/strong>, <strong>zmanipulovan\u00e1 data<\/strong> nebo <strong>vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se za \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed osobu<\/strong>, nebo pokud existuje <strong>kvalifikovan\u00e1 \u0161koda<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<p>V z\u00e1vislosti na okolnostech p\u0159\u00edpadu lze po\u017eadovat i n\u00e1hradu <strong>n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch \u0161kod<\/strong>, nap\u0159\u00edklad pokud jedn\u00e1n\u00ed v d\u016fsledku podvodu zp\u016fsobilo <strong>ekonomick\u00e9 nev\u00fdhody<\/strong>, <strong>probl\u00e9my s likviditou<\/strong> nebo <strong>provozn\u00ed \u0161kody<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>P\u0159ipojen\u00ed soukrom\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edka<\/strong> stav\u00ed <strong>proml\u010den\u00ed<\/strong> v\u0161ech uplatn\u011bn\u00fdch n\u00e1rok\u016f, dokud trestn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed trv\u00e1. Teprve po pr\u00e1vn\u00ed moci ukon\u010den\u00ed trestn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed b\u011b\u017e\u00ed proml\u010dec\u00ed lh\u016fta d\u00e1le, pokud nebyla \u0161koda zcela p\u0159izn\u00e1na. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Dobrovoln\u00e1 n\u00e1prava<\/strong>, nap\u0159\u00edklad vr\u00e1cen\u00ed z\u00edskan\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stek, vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 \u0161kody nebo up\u0159\u00edmn\u00e1 snaha o od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt <strong>poleh\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek<\/strong>, pokud je <strong>v\u010dasn\u00e1 a \u00fapln\u00e1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p>Pokud v\u0161ak pachatel jednal <strong>c\u00edlen\u011b, pl\u00e1novit\u011b nebo opakovan\u011b<\/strong>, zp\u016fsobil <strong>zna\u010dnou majetkovou \u0161kodu<\/strong> nebo se podvodu dopustil <strong>zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 rafinovan\u011b<\/strong> nebo <strong>za pou\u017eit\u00ed kvalifikovan\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f podvodu<\/strong>, ztr\u00e1c\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1hrada \u0161kody zpravidla \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9ho poleh\u010duj\u00edc\u00edho \u00fa\u010dinku. V takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u016f\u017ee n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed kompenzovat protipr\u00e1vnost z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu pouze <strong>omezen\u011b<\/strong>. <\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eN\u00e1roky soukrom\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f mus\u00ed b\u00fdt jasn\u011b vy\u010d\u00edsleny a dolo\u017eeny. Bez \u010dist\u00e9 dokumentace \u0161kody z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00e1rok na n\u00e1hradu v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u010dasto ne\u00fapln\u00fd a p\u0159esouv\u00e1 se do civiln\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. \u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Bezplatn\u00e1 \u00favodn\u00ed konzultace\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Vyberte si po\u017eadovan\u00fd term\u00edn:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Bezplatn\u00e1 \u00favodn\u00ed konzultace<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strafverfahren-im-uberblick\">P\u0159ehled trestn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ermittlungsbeginn\">Zah\u00e1jen\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n<p>Trestn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed podez\u0159en\u00ed, od kter\u00e9ho je osoba pova\u017eov\u00e1na za obvin\u011bn\u00e9ho a m\u016f\u017ee uplat\u0148ovat ve\u0161ker\u00e1 pr\u00e1va obvin\u011bn\u00e9ho. Proto\u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o <strong>\u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed delikt<\/strong>, policie a st\u00e1tn\u00ed zastupitelstv\u00ed zahajuj\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed <strong>z \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed povinnosti<\/strong>, jakmile existuje odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed podez\u0159en\u00ed. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00e9ho k tomu nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9.  <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-polizei-und-staatsanwaltschaft\">Policie a st\u00e1tn\u00ed zastupitelstv\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n<p>St\u00e1tn\u00ed zastupitelstv\u00ed vede vy\u0161et\u0159ovac\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a ur\u010duje dal\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bh. Krimin\u00e1ln\u00ed policie prov\u00e1d\u00ed nezbytn\u00e1 \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed, zaji\u0161\u0165uje stopy, shroma\u017e\u010fuje v\u00fdpov\u011bdi sv\u011bdk\u016f a dokumentuje \u0161kodu. Na konci rozhoduje st\u00e1tn\u00ed zastupitelstv\u00ed o <strong>zastaven\u00ed<\/strong>, <strong>odklonu<\/strong> nebo <strong>ob\u017ealob\u011b<\/strong>, v z\u00e1vislosti na m\u00ed\u0159e zavin\u011bn\u00ed, v\u00fd\u0161i \u0161kody a d\u016fkazn\u00ed situaci.  <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-beschuldigtenvernehmung\">V\u00fdslech obvin\u011bn\u00e9ho<\/h3>\n\n<p>P\u0159ed ka\u017ed\u00fdm v\u00fdslechem obdr\u017e\u00ed obvin\u011bn\u00e1 osoba \u00fapln\u00e9 pou\u010den\u00ed o sv\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech, zejm\u00e9na o <strong>pr\u00e1vu nevypov\u00eddat<\/strong> a o <strong>pr\u00e1vu na p\u0159\u00edtomnost obh\u00e1jce<\/strong>. Pokud obvin\u011bn\u00fd po\u017eaduje obh\u00e1jce, je nutn\u00e9 v\u00fdslech odlo\u017eit. Form\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdslech obvin\u011bn\u00e9ho slou\u017e\u00ed ke konfrontaci s obvin\u011bn\u00edm a k poskytnut\u00ed mo\u017enosti vyj\u00e1d\u0159it se.  <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-akteneinsicht\">Nahl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed do spisu<\/h3>\n\n<p>Nahl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed do spisu je mo\u017en\u00e9 u policie, st\u00e1tn\u00edho zastupitelstv\u00ed nebo soudu. Zahrnuje i d\u016fkazn\u00ed prost\u0159edky, pokud t\u00edm nen\u00ed ohro\u017een \u00fa\u010del vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. P\u0159ipojen\u00ed soukrom\u00e9 strany se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed obecn\u00fdmi pravidly trestn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du a umo\u017e\u0148uje po\u0161kozen\u00e9mu uplatnit n\u00e1roky na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody p\u0159\u00edmo v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.  <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-hauptverhandlung\">Hlavn\u00ed l\u00ed\u010den\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed l\u00ed\u010den\u00ed slou\u017e\u00ed k \u00fastn\u00edmu dokazov\u00e1n\u00ed, pr\u00e1vn\u00edmu posouzen\u00ed a rozhodnut\u00ed o p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdch civiln\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00edch n\u00e1roc\u00edch. Soud p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1v\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na pr\u016fb\u011bh \u010dinu, \u00famysl, v\u00fd\u0161i \u0161kody a v\u011brohodnost v\u00fdpov\u011bd\u00ed. \u0158\u00edzen\u00ed kon\u010d\u00ed odsouzen\u00edm, zpro\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm ob\u017ealoby nebo odklonem.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-beschuldigtenrechte\">Pr\u00e1va obvin\u011bn\u00e9ho<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Informace &amp; obhajoba:<\/strong> Pr\u00e1vo na srozum\u011bn\u00ed, pr\u00e1vn\u00ed pomoc, svobodn\u00e1 volba obh\u00e1jce, pomoc s p\u0159ekladem, n\u00e1vrhy na proveden\u00ed d\u016fkaz\u016f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ml\u010den\u00ed &amp; advok\u00e1t:<\/strong> Pr\u00e1vo ml\u010det kdykoli; p\u0159i p\u0159ibr\u00e1n\u00ed obh\u00e1jce je t\u0159eba v\u00fdslech odlo\u017eit.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Povinnost pou\u010dit:<\/strong> v\u010dasn\u00e9 informace o podez\u0159en\u00ed\/pr\u00e1vech; v\u00fdjimky pouze k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u00fa\u010delu vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nahl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed do spisu v praxi:<\/strong> Vy\u0161et\u0159ovac\u00ed a hlavn\u00ed spisy; nahl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed t\u0159et\u00edch osob omezeno ve prosp\u011bch obvin\u011bn\u00e9ho.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eSpr\u00e1vn\u00e9 kroky v prvn\u00edch 48 hodin\u00e1ch \u010dasto rozhoduj\u00ed o tom, zda se \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vyhrot\u00ed, nebo z\u016fstane pod kontrolou.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Bezplatn\u00e1 \u00favodn\u00ed konzultace\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Vyberte si po\u017eadovan\u00fd term\u00edn:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Bezplatn\u00e1 \u00favodn\u00ed konzultace<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-praxis-amp-verhaltenstipps\">Praxe a tipy pro chov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Zachovat ml\u010den\u00ed.<\/strong><br\/>Sta\u010d\u00ed kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed: \u201eVyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1m sv\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va nevypov\u00eddat a nejprve se porad\u00edm se svou obhajobou.\u201c Toto pr\u00e1vo plat\u00ed ji\u017e od prvn\u00edho v\u00fdslechu polici\u00ed nebo st\u00e1tn\u00edm zastupitelstv\u00edm. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Neprodlen\u011b kontaktujte obhajobu.<\/strong><br\/>Bez nahl\u00e9dnut\u00ed do vy\u0161et\u0159ovac\u00edch spis\u016f by nem\u011blo b\u00fdt u\u010din\u011bno \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed. Teprve po nahl\u00e9dnut\u00ed do spisu m\u016f\u017ee obhajoba posoudit, jak\u00e1 strategie a jak\u00e9 zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed d\u016fkaz\u016f jsou smyslupln\u00e9. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>D\u016fkazy okam\u017eit\u011b zajist\u011bte.<\/strong><br\/>Ve\u0161ker\u00e9 dostupn\u00e9 podklady, zpr\u00e1vy, fotografie, videa a jin\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy byste si m\u011bli co nejd\u0159\u00edve zajistit a uchovat v kopii. Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed data je t\u0159eba pravideln\u011b z\u00e1lohovat a chr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed dodate\u010dn\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami. Poznamenejte si d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 osoby jako mo\u017en\u00e9 sv\u011bdky a pr\u016fb\u011bh ud\u00e1lost\u00ed si v\u010das zaznamenejte do protokolu o pam\u011bti.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nenavazujte kontakt s protistranou.<\/strong><br\/>Va\u0161e vlastn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy, hovory nebo p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky mohou b\u00fdt pou\u017eity jako d\u016fkaz proti v\u00e1m. Ve\u0161ker\u00e1 komunikace by m\u011bla prob\u00edhat v\u00fdhradn\u011b prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm obhajoby. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Zajist\u011bte v\u010das video a datov\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy.<\/strong><br\/>Monitorovac\u00ed videa ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 doprav\u011b, v restaurac\u00edch nebo od spr\u00e1vc\u016f budov jsou \u010dasto po n\u011bkolika dnech automaticky smaz\u00e1na. \u017d\u00e1dosti o zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dat je proto nutn\u00e9 okam\u017eit\u011b podat provozovateli, policii nebo st\u00e1tn\u00edmu zastupitelstv\u00ed. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Prohl\u00eddky a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dokumentujte.<\/strong><br\/>P\u0159i domovn\u00edch prohl\u00eddk\u00e1ch nebo zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed byste si m\u011bli vy\u017e\u00e1dat kopii na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebo z\u00e1pisu. Poznamenejte si datum, \u010das, z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00e9 osoby a v\u0161echny odnesen\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>P\u0159i zat\u010den\u00ed: \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u00fdpov\u011bdi k v\u011bci.<\/strong><br\/>Trvejte na okam\u017eit\u00e9m uv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed va\u0161\u00ed obhajoby. Vazba sm\u00ed b\u00fdt ulo\u017eena pouze p\u0159i d\u016fvodn\u00e9m podez\u0159en\u00ed ze sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n\u00ed trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu a dal\u0161\u00edm vazebn\u00edm d\u016fvodu. M\u00edrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed prost\u0159edky (nap\u0159. slib, ohla\u0161ovac\u00ed povinnost, z\u00e1kaz kontaktu) maj\u00ed p\u0159ednost.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>N\u00e1pravu c\u00edlen\u011b p\u0159ipravte.<\/strong><br\/>Platby, symbolick\u00e9 v\u00fdkony, omluvy nebo jin\u00e9 nab\u00eddky vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed by m\u011bly b\u00fdt vy\u0159izov\u00e1ny a dokl\u00e1d\u00e1ny v\u00fdhradn\u011b prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm obhajoby. Strukturovan\u00e1 n\u00e1prava se m\u016f\u017ee pozitivn\u011b projevit na odklonu a stanoven\u00ed trestu. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-peter-harlander\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/ph100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Peter Harlander\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Peter Harlander<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201eKdo jedn\u00e1 uv\u00e1\u017eliv\u011b, zajist\u00ed d\u016fkazy a v\u010das vyhled\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed pomoc, zachov\u00e1 si kontrolu nad \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ihre-vorteile-mit-anwaltlicher-unterstutzung\">Va\u0161e v\u00fdhody s pr\u00e1vn\u00ed podporou<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b u <strong>z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu<\/strong> z\u00e1vis\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed posouzen\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u011b na <strong>konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm obsahu podvodu<\/strong>, na <strong>omylu ob\u011bti<\/strong>, na <strong>majetkov\u00e9m pln\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>, na <strong>vznikl\u00e9 \u0161kod\u011b<\/strong> a na tom, <strong>zda a v jak\u00e9 form\u011b existuje kvalifikuj\u00edc\u00ed znak<\/strong>. Ji\u017e <strong>nepatrn\u00e9 odchylky ve skutkov\u00e9m stavu<\/strong> mohou rozhodnout o tom, zda se skute\u010dn\u011b jedn\u00e1 o z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod, pouze o <strong>prost\u00fd podvod<\/strong>, o <strong>ob\u010danskopr\u00e1vn\u00ed spor<\/strong> nebo z d\u016fvodu chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00edho podvodu, omylu, \u00famyslu nebo kvalifikace <strong>nen\u00ed d\u00e1na v\u016fbec \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 trestnost<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>V\u010dasn\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed pomoc<\/strong> je u obvin\u011bn\u00ed ze z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1, proto\u017ee zde hroz\u00ed <strong>zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 trestn\u00ed sazby<\/strong>, <strong>komplexn\u00ed d\u016fkazn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky<\/strong> a \u010dasto i <strong>ekonomicky z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 d\u016fsledky<\/strong>. Zaji\u0161\u0165uje, aby byl skutkov\u00fd stav <strong>p\u0159esn\u011b za\u0159azen<\/strong>, d\u016fkazy <strong>kriticky zhodnoceny<\/strong> a <strong>poleh\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed okolnosti<\/strong> pr\u00e1vn\u011b vyu\u017eiteln\u011b zpracov\u00e1ny. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Na\u0161e advok\u00e1tn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>zkoum\u00e1, zda skute\u010dn\u011b existuje <strong>podvod o skute\u010dnostech napl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed znaky skutkov\u00e9 podstaty<\/strong>, nebo zda se jedn\u00e1 pouze o <strong>nez\u00e1vazn\u00e1 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong>, <strong>odhad<\/strong>, <strong>smluvn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> nebo <strong>obchodn\u00ed rizika<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>analyzuje <strong>d\u016fkazn\u00ed situaci<\/strong>, zejm\u00e9na pokud jde o podvodn\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, omyl, kauzalitu, majetkov\u00e9 pln\u011bn\u00ed a majetkovou \u0161kodu, jako\u017e i o <strong>kvalifikuj\u00edc\u00ed okolnosti <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&amp;Gesetzesnummer=10002296&amp;Artikel=&amp;Paragraf=147&amp;Anlage=&amp;Uebergangsrecht=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 147 StGB<\/a><\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>objas\u0148uje, zda existoval <strong>protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00famysl obohatit se<\/strong> a zda se tento \u00famysl vztahuje i <strong>na kvalifikaci<\/strong>, nebo zda se jedn\u00e1 o <strong>jedn\u00e1n\u00ed v dobr\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e<\/strong>, <strong>chybn\u00e9<\/strong> nebo pouze <strong>ob\u010danskopr\u00e1vn\u011b relevantn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>vyv\u00edj\u00ed <strong>jasnou strategii obhajoby<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u011b p\u0159esn\u011b za\u0159azuje <strong>ekonomick\u00e9 pozad\u00ed<\/strong>, <strong>skute\u010dn\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh<\/strong> a <strong>d\u016fsledky pro stanoven\u00ed trestu<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Jako <strong>z\u00e1stupce specializovan\u00fd na trestn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo<\/strong> zaji\u0161\u0165ujeme, aby bylo obvin\u011bn\u00ed ze z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu <strong>pe\u010dliv\u011b p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1no<\/strong>, <strong>nebylo ukvapen\u011b z\u00fa\u017eeno<\/strong> a aby \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed bylo vedeno na <strong>udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 skutkov\u00e9 a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u011b<\/strong>. Pr\u00e1v\u011b u vysok\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stek \u0161kody nebo kvalifikovan\u00fdch obvin\u011bn\u00ed z podvodu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt <strong>v\u010dasn\u00e1 a fundovan\u00e1 obhajoba<\/strong> rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed pro dal\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bh \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. <\/p>\n    <div class=\"mr-quote mrbg clearfix\">\n        <a class=\"mr-quote-person\" href=\"\/ueber-uns\/rechtsanwalt-sebastian-riedlmair\/\" title=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mr-quote-person-img\" src=\"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/themes\/harlander\/design\/sr100.webp\" width=\"100\"\n                 height=\"100\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rechtsanwalt Sebastian Riedlmair\">\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-text\">\n            Sebastian Riedlmair<br>\n            <span class=\"mr-quote-person-function\">Harlander &amp; Partner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <span class=\"mr-quote-content\">\u201ePr\u00e1vn\u00ed podpora znamen\u00e1 jasn\u011b odd\u011blit skute\u010dn\u00e9 d\u011bn\u00ed od hodnocen\u00ed a z toho vyvinout zat\u00ed\u017eitelnou strategii obhajoby.\u201c<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Bezplatn\u00e1 \u00favodn\u00ed konzultace\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Vyberte si po\u017eadovan\u00fd term\u00edn:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Bezplatn\u00e1 \u00favodn\u00ed konzultace<\/span><\/a>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-faq-haufig-gestellte-fragen\">FAQ \u2013 \u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq uagb-faq__outer-wrap uagb-block-schwerer-betrug uagb-faq-icon-row uagb-faq-layout-accordion uagb-faq-expand-first-true uagb-faq-inactive-other-true uagb-faq__wrap uagb-buttons-layout-wrap uagb-faq-equal-height     \" data-faqtoggle=\"true\" role=\"tablist\"><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/harlander-partner.eu\\\/cs\\\/trestni-pravo\\\/zavazny-podvod\\\/\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Kdy se jedn\\u00e1 o z\\u00e1va\\u017en\\u00fd podvod podle \\u00a7 147 StGB?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Z\\u00e1va\\u017en\\u00fd podvod je d\\u00e1n tehdy, jsou-li spln\\u011bny p\\u0159edpoklady podvodu podle \\u00a7 146 StGB a nav\\u00edc se k nim p\\u0159id\\u00e1 kvalifikuj\\u00edc\\u00ed okolnost. Tou je bu\\u010f obzvl\\u00e1\\u0161t\\u011b z\\u00e1va\\u017en\\u00fd prost\\u0159edek podvodu, nap\\u0159\\u00edklad fale\\u0161n\\u00e1 nebo pad\\u011blan\\u00e1 listina, nebo z\\u00e1konem relevantn\\u00ed rozsah \\u0161kody. Rozhoduj\\u00edc\\u00ed je, \\u017ee ob\\u011b\\u0165 v d\\u016fsledku podvodu sama u\\u010din\\u00ed majetkov\\u011b po\\u0161kozuj\\u00edc\\u00ed opat\\u0159en\\u00ed a t\\u00edm vznikne majetkov\\u00e1 \\u0161koda. Krom\\u011b toho mus\\u00ed pachatel jednat \\u00famysln\\u011b a cht\\u00edt se protipr\\u00e1vn\\u011b obohatit.   \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Jak\\u00e9 hranice \\u0161kod jsou relevantn\\u00ed u z\\u00e1va\\u017en\\u00e9ho podvodu?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Pro kvalifikaci hraj\\u00ed \\u00fast\\u0159edn\\u00ed roli z\\u00e1konn\\u00e9 hranice \\u0161kod, proto\\u017ee mohou v\\u00fdrazn\\u011b zv\\u00fd\\u0161it trestn\\u00ed sazbu. Typicky relevantn\\u00ed je, zda \\u0161koda p\\u0159esahuje 5 000,00 EUR a zda p\\u0159esahuje 300 000,00 EUR. Rozhoduj\\u00edc\\u00ed je skute\\u010dn\\u011b vznikl\\u00e1 majetkov\\u00e1 \\u0161koda, nikoli pouze tvrzen\\u00ed nebo subjektivn\\u00ed pocit ztr\\u00e1ty. Pokud n\\u011bkolik d\\u00edl\\u010d\\u00edch \\u00fakon\\u016f pat\\u0159\\u00ed k sob\\u011b, m\\u016f\\u017ee b\\u00fdt pro hodnocen\\u00ed \\u0161kody v\\u00fdznamn\\u00fd i celkov\\u00fd pohled.   \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Jak\\u00e9 prost\\u0159edky podvodu vedou obzvl\\u00e1\\u0161t\\u011b \\u010dasto ke kvalifikaci podle \\u00a7 147 StGB?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"\\u010cast\\u00fdmi kvalifikuj\\u00edc\\u00edmi prost\\u0159edky jsou fale\\u0161n\\u00e9 nebo pad\\u011blan\\u00e9 listiny, zneu\\u017eit\\u00e9 bezhotovostn\\u00ed platebn\\u00ed prost\\u0159edky a manipulovan\\u00e1 nebo vyzrazen\\u00e1 data. I p\\u0159edst\\u00edr\\u00e1n\\u00ed \\u00fa\\u0159edn\\u00edho postaven\\u00ed, tedy nepravdiv\\u00e9 vyd\\u00e1v\\u00e1n\\u00ed se za \\u00fa\\u0159edn\\u00edka, m\\u016f\\u017ee od\\u016fvodnit kvalifikaci. Rozhoduj\\u00edc\\u00ed je, \\u017ee prost\\u0159edek \\u010din\\u00ed podvod pr\\u00e1vn\\u011b a fakticky \\u201eost\\u0159ej\\u0161\\u00edm\\u201c a c\\u00edlen\\u011b ovliv\\u0148uje majetkov\\u00e9 rozhodnut\\u00ed ob\\u011bti. Pouh\\u00e1 p\\u0159eh\\u00e1n\\u011bn\\u00ed nebo nez\\u00e1vazn\\u00e1 vychvalov\\u00e1n\\u00ed k tomu zpravidla nesta\\u010d\\u00ed.   \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"V \\u010dem spo\\u010d\\u00edv\\u00e1 rozd\\u00edl mezi podvodem podle \\u00a7 146 StGB a z\\u00e1va\\u017en\\u00fdm podvodem podle \\u00a7 147 StGB?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Podvod podle \\u00a7 146 StGB je z\\u00e1kladn\\u00ed skutkov\\u00e1 podstata a p\\u0159edpokl\\u00e1d\\u00e1 podvod, omyl, majetkov\\u00e9 pln\\u011bn\\u00ed a \\u0161kodu. Z\\u00e1va\\u017en\\u00fd podvod podle \\u00a7 147 StGB na tom stav\\u00ed a nav\\u00edc vy\\u017eaduje z\\u00e1konnou kvalifikaci, a to bu\\u010f kvalifikovan\\u00fdm prost\\u0159edkem podvodu, nebo relevantn\\u00edm rozsahem \\u0161kody. T\\u00edm se zvy\\u0161uje nejen protipr\\u00e1vnost, ale typicky i procesn\\u00ed a trestn\\u00ed rizika. Pokud kvalifikaci nelze prok\\u00e1zat, m\\u016f\\u017ee se p\\u0159esto jednat o prost\\u00fd podvod, pokud jsou spln\\u011bny z\\u00e1kladn\\u00ed znaky.   \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Jak\\u00e9 d\\u016fkazy jsou v \\u0159\\u00edzen\\u00ed pro z\\u00e1va\\u017en\\u00fd podvod obzvl\\u00e1\\u0161t\\u011b d\\u016fle\\u017eit\\u00e9?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"V praxi jsou \\u00fast\\u0159edn\\u00ed d\\u016fkazy o komunikaci, jako jsou zpr\\u00e1vy, e-maily a pr\\u016fb\\u011bhy rozhovor\\u016f, proto\\u017ee maj\\u00ed prok\\u00e1zat obsah podvodu a kauzalitu. Stejn\\u011b d\\u016fle\\u017eit\\u00e9 jsou listiny, smlouvy, faktury a pen\\u011b\\u017en\\u00ed toky, proto\\u017ee umo\\u017e\\u0148uj\\u00ed pochopit majetkov\\u00e9 pln\\u011bn\\u00ed a \\u0161kodu. Krom\\u011b toho jsou relevantn\\u00ed v\\u00fdpov\\u011bdi sv\\u011bdk\\u016f, zejm\\u00e9na k ot\\u00e1zce, pro\\u010d ob\\u011b\\u0165 jednala a jak\\u00fd m\\u011bla obraz skute\\u010dnosti. \\u010c\\u00edm l\\u00e9pe je kauz\\u00e1ln\\u00ed \\u0159et\\u011bzec zdokumentov\\u00e1n, t\\u00edm udr\\u017eiteln\\u011bj\\u0161\\u00ed je obvin\\u011bn\\u00ed, a naopak bez dokumentace \\u010dasto vznikaj\\u00ed zna\\u010dn\\u00e9 pochybnosti.   \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Je odklon v p\\u0159\\u00edpad\\u011b z\\u00e1va\\u017en\\u00e9ho podvodu mo\\u017en\\u00fd?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Odklon nen\\u00ed u z\\u00e1va\\u017en\\u00e9ho podvodu vylou\\u010den, ale prakticky je v\\u00fdrazn\\u011b m\\u00e9n\\u011b \\u010dast\\u00fd ne\\u017e u prost\\u00e9ho podvodu. P\\u0159ich\\u00e1z\\u00ed v \\u00favahu pouze tehdy, je-li vina celkov\\u011b n\\u00edzk\\u00e1 a celkov\\u00fd obraz \\u010dinu je\\u0161t\\u011b unese odklonn\\u00e9 vy\\u0159\\u00edzen\\u00ed. Obzvl\\u00e1\\u0161t\\u011b d\\u016fle\\u017eit\\u00e1 je p\\u0159itom v\\u00fd\\u0161e \\u0161kody, intenzita \\u010dinu, p\\u0159\\u00edpadn\\u00e9 opakov\\u00e1n\\u00ed a zda byla \\u0161koda v\\u010das a zcela napravena. \\u010c\\u00edm vy\\u0161\\u0161\\u00ed je \\u0161koda nebo \\u010d\\u00edm pl\\u00e1novit\\u011bj\\u0161\\u00ed je postup, t\\u00edm nere\\u00e1ln\\u011bj\\u0161\\u00ed se odklon st\\u00e1v\\u00e1.   \"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Co bych m\\u011bl\\\/a ud\\u011blat jako prvn\\u00ed p\\u0159i obvin\\u011bn\\u00ed ze z\\u00e1va\\u017en\\u00e9ho podvodu?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Od za\\u010d\\u00e1tku byste nem\\u011bli uv\\u00e1d\\u011bt \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 \\u00fadaje k v\\u011bci, dokud nen\\u00ed zn\\u00e1m stav spisu, proto\\u017ee neuv\\u00e1\\u017een\\u00e9 v\\u00fdroky lze pozd\\u011bji jen st\\u011b\\u017e\\u00ed opravit. Sou\\u010dasn\\u011b byste si m\\u011bli zajistit ve\\u0161ker\\u00e9 podklady a pr\\u016fb\\u011bhy komunikace, aby se neztratily poleh\\u010duj\\u00edc\\u00ed okolnosti. Rozhoduj\\u00edc\\u00ed je v\\u010dasn\\u00e9 pr\\u00e1vn\\u00ed posouzen\\u00ed, proto\\u017ee ji\\u017e mal\\u00e9 detaily mohou rozhodnout o tom, zda v\\u016fbec do\\u0161lo k podvodu, zda je kvalifikace podle \\u00a7 147 StGB udr\\u017eiteln\\u00e1, nebo zda se jedn\\u00e1 o ob\\u010danskopr\\u00e1vn\\u00ed spor. Strukturovan\\u00e1 strategie obhajoby vznik\\u00e1 a\\u017e na z\\u00e1klad\\u011b nahl\\u00e9dnut\\u00ed do spisu a \\u010dist\\u00e9 anal\\u00fdzy skutkov\\u00e9ho stavu.   \"}}]}<\/script><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-schwerer-betrug-q1 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Kdy se jedn\u00e1 o z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod podle \u00a7 147 StGB?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod je d\u00e1n tehdy, jsou-li spln\u011bny p\u0159edpoklady podvodu podle \u00a7 146 StGB a nav\u00edc se k nim p\u0159id\u00e1 kvalifikuj\u00edc\u00ed okolnost. Tou je bu\u010f obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd prost\u0159edek podvodu, nap\u0159\u00edklad fale\u0161n\u00e1 nebo pad\u011blan\u00e1 listina, nebo z\u00e1konem relevantn\u00ed rozsah \u0161kody. Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed je, \u017ee ob\u011b\u0165 v d\u016fsledku podvodu sama u\u010din\u00ed majetkov\u011b po\u0161kozuj\u00edc\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed a t\u00edm vznikne majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda. Krom\u011b toho mus\u00ed pachatel jednat \u00famysln\u011b a cht\u00edt se protipr\u00e1vn\u011b obohatit.   <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-schwerer-betrug-q2 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Jak\u00e9 hranice \u0161kod jsou relevantn\u00ed u z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Pro kvalifikaci hraj\u00ed \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed roli z\u00e1konn\u00e9 hranice \u0161kod, proto\u017ee mohou v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it trestn\u00ed sazbu. Typicky relevantn\u00ed je, zda \u0161koda p\u0159esahuje 5 000,00 EUR a zda p\u0159esahuje 300 000,00 EUR. Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed je skute\u010dn\u011b vznikl\u00e1 majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda, nikoli pouze tvrzen\u00ed nebo subjektivn\u00ed pocit ztr\u00e1ty. Pokud n\u011bkolik d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch \u00fakon\u016f pat\u0159\u00ed k sob\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pro hodnocen\u00ed \u0161kody v\u00fdznamn\u00fd i celkov\u00fd pohled.   <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-schwerer-betrug-q3 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Jak\u00e9 prost\u0159edky podvodu vedou obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b \u010dasto ke kvalifikaci podle \u00a7 147 StGB?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>\u010cast\u00fdmi kvalifikuj\u00edc\u00edmi prost\u0159edky jsou fale\u0161n\u00e9 nebo pad\u011blan\u00e9 listiny, zneu\u017eit\u00e9 bezhotovostn\u00ed platebn\u00ed prost\u0159edky a manipulovan\u00e1 nebo vyzrazen\u00e1 data. I p\u0159edst\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edho postaven\u00ed, tedy nepravdiv\u00e9 vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se za \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edka, m\u016f\u017ee od\u016fvodnit kvalifikaci. Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed je, \u017ee prost\u0159edek \u010din\u00ed podvod pr\u00e1vn\u011b a fakticky \u201eost\u0159ej\u0161\u00edm\u201c a c\u00edlen\u011b ovliv\u0148uje majetkov\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed ob\u011bti. Pouh\u00e1 p\u0159eh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed nebo nez\u00e1vazn\u00e1 vychvalov\u00e1n\u00ed k tomu zpravidla nesta\u010d\u00ed.   <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-schwerer-betrug-q4 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">V \u010dem spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 rozd\u00edl mezi podvodem podle \u00a7 146 StGB a z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm podvodem podle \u00a7 147 StGB?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Podvod podle \u00a7 146 StGB je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed skutkov\u00e1 podstata a p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 podvod, omyl, majetkov\u00e9 pln\u011bn\u00ed a \u0161kodu. Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod podle \u00a7 147 StGB na tom stav\u00ed a nav\u00edc vy\u017eaduje z\u00e1konnou kvalifikaci, a to bu\u010f kvalifikovan\u00fdm prost\u0159edkem podvodu, nebo relevantn\u00edm rozsahem \u0161kody. T\u00edm se zvy\u0161uje nejen protipr\u00e1vnost, ale typicky i procesn\u00ed a trestn\u00ed rizika. Pokud kvalifikaci nelze prok\u00e1zat, m\u016f\u017ee se p\u0159esto jednat o prost\u00fd podvod, pokud jsou spln\u011bny z\u00e1kladn\u00ed znaky.   <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-schwerer-betrug-q5 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Jak\u00e9 d\u016fkazy jsou v \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>V praxi jsou \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed d\u016fkazy o komunikaci, jako jsou zpr\u00e1vy, e-maily a pr\u016fb\u011bhy rozhovor\u016f, proto\u017ee maj\u00ed prok\u00e1zat obsah podvodu a kauzalitu. Stejn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 jsou listiny, smlouvy, faktury a pen\u011b\u017en\u00ed toky, proto\u017ee umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed pochopit majetkov\u00e9 pln\u011bn\u00ed a \u0161kodu. Krom\u011b toho jsou relevantn\u00ed v\u00fdpov\u011bdi sv\u011bdk\u016f, zejm\u00e9na k ot\u00e1zce, pro\u010d ob\u011b\u0165 jednala a jak\u00fd m\u011bla obraz skute\u010dnosti. \u010c\u00edm l\u00e9pe je kauz\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzec zdokumentov\u00e1n, t\u00edm udr\u017eiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je obvin\u011bn\u00ed, a naopak bez dokumentace \u010dasto vznikaj\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9 pochybnosti.   <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-schwerer-betrug-q6 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Je odklon v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu mo\u017en\u00fd?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Odklon nen\u00ed u z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu vylou\u010den, ale prakticky je v\u00fdrazn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dast\u00fd ne\u017e u prost\u00e9ho podvodu. P\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed v \u00favahu pouze tehdy, je-li vina celkov\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e1 a celkov\u00fd obraz \u010dinu je\u0161t\u011b unese odklonn\u00e9 vy\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je p\u0159itom v\u00fd\u0161e \u0161kody, intenzita \u010dinu, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 opakov\u00e1n\u00ed a zda byla \u0161koda v\u010das a zcela napravena. \u010c\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed je \u0161koda nebo \u010d\u00edm pl\u00e1novit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je postup, t\u00edm nere\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed se odklon st\u00e1v\u00e1.   <\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-schwerer-betrug-q7 \" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Co bych m\u011bl\/a ud\u011blat jako prvn\u00ed p\u0159i obvin\u011bn\u00ed ze z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>Od za\u010d\u00e1tku byste nem\u011bli uv\u00e1d\u011bt \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u00fadaje k v\u011bci, dokud nen\u00ed zn\u00e1m stav spisu, proto\u017ee neuv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 v\u00fdroky lze pozd\u011bji jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed opravit. Sou\u010dasn\u011b byste si m\u011bli zajistit ve\u0161ker\u00e9 podklady a pr\u016fb\u011bhy komunikace, aby se neztratily poleh\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed okolnosti. Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed je v\u010dasn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed posouzen\u00ed, proto\u017ee ji\u017e mal\u00e9 detaily mohou rozhodnout o tom, zda v\u016fbec do\u0161lo k podvodu, zda je kvalifikace podle \u00a7 147 StGB udr\u017eiteln\u00e1, nebo zda se jedn\u00e1 o ob\u010danskopr\u00e1vn\u00ed spor. Strukturovan\u00e1 strategie obhajoby vznik\u00e1 a\u017e na z\u00e1klad\u011b nahl\u00e9dnut\u00ed do spisu a \u010dist\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy skutkov\u00e9ho stavu.   <\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><a class=\"mr-cta-link mr-cta-button-cal\" href=\"#h2-booking\" title=\"Bezplatn\u00e1 \u00favodn\u00ed konzultace\"><span class=\"mr-cta-link-normal\">Vyberte si po\u017eadovan\u00fd term\u00edn:<\/span><span class=\"mr-cta-link-bold\">Bezplatn\u00e1 \u00favodn\u00ed konzultace<\/span><\/a>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu podle \u00a7 147 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku se dopust\u00ed pachatel, kter\u00fd napln\u00ed skutkovou podstatu podvodu podle \u00a7 146 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku a \u010din je zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edmi prost\u0159edky klam\u00e1n\u00ed nebo &#8230;","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":100845,"parent":38205,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[575],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-110537","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-trestni-pravo"],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7147-Schwerer-Betrug.webp",1920,1080,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7147-Schwerer-Betrug-100x100.webp",100,100,true],"medium":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7147-Schwerer-Betrug-800x450.webp",800,450,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7147-Schwerer-Betrug.webp",1920,1080,false],"large":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7147-Schwerer-Betrug.webp",1920,1080,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7147-Schwerer-Betrug.webp",1536,864,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7147-Schwerer-Betrug.webp",1920,1080,false],"336x":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7147-Schwerer-Betrug-336x189.webp",336,189,true],"352x":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7147-Schwerer-Betrug-352x198.webp",352,198,true],"woocommerce_thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7147-Schwerer-Betrug-300x300.webp",300,300,true],"woocommerce_single":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7147-Schwerer-Betrug-600x338.webp",600,338,true],"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7147-Schwerer-Betrug-100x100.webp",100,100,true],"yarpp-thumbnail":["https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u00a7147-Schwerer-Betrug-120x120.webp",120,120,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Simon Prem","author_link":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/author\/simon-prem\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd podvod Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho podvodu podle \u00a7 147 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku se dopust\u00ed pachatel, kter\u00fd napln\u00ed skutkovou podstatu podvodu podle \u00a7 146 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku a \u010din je zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edmi prost\u0159edky klam\u00e1n\u00ed nebo ...","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/110537","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=110537"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/110537\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/38205"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/100845"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=110537"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=110537"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harlander-partner.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=110537"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}